Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:08:41.143Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Proactive inhibition and semantic organization Relationship with verbal memory in patients with schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2009

David A. Kareken ,
Paul J. Moberg  and
Ruben C. Gur
David A. Kareken
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Paul J. Moberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Ruben C. Gur
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Compared to other cognitive functions in schizophrenia, evidence suggests that verbal memory is particularly impaired. This study used the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) to examine proactive inhibition (PI) and semantic processing in verbal memory in 29 patients with schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls. Patients showed significantly less PI, but also did not organize (cluster) their recall according to semantic category. Controls and patients demonstrated small retroactive inhibition (RI) effects regardless of semantic content. Although both groups made similar types and numbers of free recall intrusion errors, patients committed more phonemic and nonshared recognition errors. Results suggest that reduced semantic processing prevented build of PI, and contributes to defective memory in schizophrenia. The anatomic-physiologic abnormalities that underlie these findings may be particularly pronounced in prefrontal and temporal-parietal cortical areas. (JINS, 1996, 2, 486–493.)

Keywords

Proactive inhibitionVerbal memorySchizophrenia
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 2 , Issue 6 , November 1996 , pp. 486 - 493
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd. Edition-Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Barta, P.E., Pearlson, G.D., Powers, R.E., Richards, S.S., & Tune, L.E. (1990). Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1457–1462.Google ScholarPubMed
Brown, J. (1958). Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10, 12–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchsbaum, M.S., Delisi, L.E., Holcomb, H.H., Cappelletti, J., King, A.C., Johnson, J., Hazlet, E., Dowling-Zimmerman, S., Post, R.M., Morihisa, J., Carpenter, W.T. Jr., Cohen, R., Pickar, D., Weinberger, D.R., Margolin, R., & Kessler, R.M. (1984). Anteropostcrior gradients in cerebral glucose use in schizophrenia and affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 1159–1165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchsbaum, M.S., Ingvar, D.H., Kessler, R., Waters, R.N., Cap-pellctti, J., van Kammcn, D.P., King, A.C., Johnson, J.L., Manning, R.G., Flynn, R.N., Mann, L.S., Bunney, W.E. Jr., & Sokoloff, L. (1982). Cerebral glucography with positron lomography: Use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 251–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craik, F.I.M. & Birtwistlc, J. (1971). Proactive inhibition in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 91, 120–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, T.J. (1990). Temporal lobe asymmetries as the key to the etiology of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, 433–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushman, L.A., Como, P.G., Booth, H., & Caine, E.D. (1988). Cued recall and release from proactive interference in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ncuropsychology, 10, 685–692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delis, D.C., Kramer, J.H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B.A. (1987). The California Verbal Learning Test. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Delis, D.C., Massman, P.J., Butters, N., Salmon, D.P., Cermak, L.S., & Kramer, J.H. (1991). Profiles of demented and amnesic patients on the California Verbal Learning Test: Implications for the assessment of memory disorders. Psychological Assessment, 3, 19–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, M. & Ccrmak, L.S. (1986). Semantic encoding deficits in frontal lobe disease and amnesia. Brain and Cognition, 5, 108–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fridlund, A.J. & Delis, D.C. (1987). CVLT Research Edition Administration and Scoring Software. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Gold, J.M., Randolph, C., Carpenter, C.J.. Goldberg, T.E., & Weinberger, D.R. (1992). Forms of memory failure in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 487–494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gur, R.E., Jaggi, J.L., Shtascl, D.L., Ragland, J.D., & Gur, R.C. (1994). Cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia: Effects of memory processing on regional activation. Biological Psychiatry, 35, 3–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, P.D., Earle-Boycr, E.A., Wiclgus, M.S., & Levinson, J.C. (1986). Encoding, memory, and thought disorder in schizophrenia and mania. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12, 252–261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, R., Paulsen, J.S., McAdams, L., Kuck, J., Zisook, S., Braff, D., Harris, J., & Jeste, D.V. (1994). Neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenics: Relationship to age, chronicity, and dementia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 469–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janowsky, J.S., Shimamura, A.P., Kritchevsky, M., & Squire, L.R. (1989). Cognitive impairment following frontal lobe damage and its relevance to human amnesia. Behavioral Neuroscicnce, 103, 548–560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kareken, D.A., Gur, R.C., Mozley, P.D., Mozley, L.H., Saykin, A.J., Shtasel, D.L., & Gur, R.E. (1995). Cognitive functioning and neuroanatomic volume measures in schizophrenia. Neuro-psychology, 9, 211–219.Google Scholar
Kay, S.R. (1982). Conceptual disorder in schizophrenia as a function of encoding orientation. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 170, 154–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, S.D., Kayton, L., & Berry, R. (1973). Mnemonic organization in young nonpsychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81, 299–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, S.D., Kayton, L., & Peterson, R. (1976). Affective encoding and consequent remembering in schizophrenic young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 156–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, S.D., Marusarz, T.Z., & Rosen, A.J. (1980). Remembering of sentences by young schizophrenic adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 291–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, J.H. & Delis, D.C. (1991). Interference effects on the California Verbal Learning Test: A construct validation study. Psychological Assessment, 3, 299–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mozley, L.H., Gur, R.C., Gur, R.E., Mozley, P.D., & Alavi, A. (1996). Relationships between verbal memory performance and the cerebral distribution of FDG in patients with schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paulsen, J.S., Hcaton, R.K., Sadek, J.R., Perry, W., Delis, D.C., Braff, D., Kuck, J., Zisook, S., & Jeste, D.V. (1995). The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 88–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterson, L.R. & Peterson, M.J. (1959). Short-term retention of individual verbal items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 193–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raczkowski, C., Kalat, J.W., & Nebes, R. (1974). Reliability and validity of some handedness questionnaire items. Neuropsy-chologia, 12, 43–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randolph, C., Gold, J.M., Carpenter, C.J., Goldberg, T.E., & Weinberger, D.R. (1992). Release from proactive interference: Determinants and neuropsychological correlates. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 785–800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Resnick, S.M. (1992). Matching for education in studies of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saykin, A.J., Gur, R.C, Gur, R.E., Mozley, P.D., Mozley, L.H., Resnick, S.M., Kcster, D.B., & Stafiniak, P. (1991). Neuropsychological function in schizophrenia: Selective impairment in memory and learning. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 618–624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saykin, A.J., Shtasel, D.L., Gur, R.E., Kester, D.B., Mozley, L.H., Stafiniak, P., & Gur, R.C (1994). Neuropsychological deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with first episode schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 124–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shtasel, D.L., Gur, R.E., Gallacher, F.G., Heimberg, C.Cannon, T., & Gur, R.C. (1992). Phenomenology and functioning in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, 449–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shtasel, D.L., Gur, R.E., Mozley, P.D., Richards, J., Taleff, M.M., Heimberg, C., Gallacher, F., & Gur, R.C. (1991). Volunteers forbiomedical research: Recruitment and screening of normal controls. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1022–1025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., Gibbon, M., & First, M.B. (1989). Structured clinical interview for DSM-11I-R (Patient ed.). New York: New York State Psychiatric InstituteGoogle Scholar
Squire, L.R. (1982). Comparisons between forms of amnesia: Some deficits are unique to Korsakoff's syndrome. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8, 560–571.Google ScholarPubMed
Traupmann, K.L., Berzofsky, M., & Kesselman, M. (1976). Encoding of taxonomic word categories by schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 350–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turetsky, B.I., Cowell, P.E., Gur, R.C., Grossman, R.I., Shtasel, D.L., & Gur, R.E. (1995). Frontal and temporal lobe brain volumes in schizophrenia: Relationship to symptomatology and clinical subtype. Archives of General Psychiatn; 52, 1061–1070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberger, D.R., Berman, K.F., & Zee, R.F. (1986). Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prcfrontal cortex in schizophrenia: I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Archives of General Psychiatn, 43, 114–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wickens, D.D. (1970). Encoding categories of words: An empirical approach to meaning. Psychological Review, 77, 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winocur, G., Kinsbourne, M., & Moscovitch, M. (1981). The effect of cuing on release from proactive interference in Korsakoff amnesic patients. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 7, 56–65.Google ScholarPubMed
Wood, F.B. & Flowers, L.D. (1990). Hypofrontal vs. hypo-Sylvian blood flow in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, 413–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed