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Neuropsychology of Multiple Sclerosis: Looking Back and Moving Forward

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2017

Ralph H.B. Benedict ,
John DeLuca ,
Christian Enzinger ,
Jeroen J.G. Geurts ,
Lauren B. Krupp  and
Stephen M. Rao
Ralph H.B. Benedict
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
John DeLuca
Affiliation:
Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
Christian Enzinger
Affiliation:
Research Unit for Neuronal Repair and Plasticity, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Jeroen J.G. Geurts
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Lauren B. Krupp
Affiliation:
NYU Langone Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
Stephen M. Rao*
Affiliation:
Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Stephen M. Rao, Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/U10, Cleveland, OH 44195. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) have evolved over the past three decades. What was once thought to be a rare occurrence, cognitive dysfunction is now viewed as one of the most disabling symptoms of the disease, with devastating effects on patients’ quality of life. This selective review will highlight major innovations and scientific discoveries in the areas of neuropathology, neuroimaging, diagnosis, and treatment that pertain to our understanding of the neuropsychological aspects of MS. Specifically, we focus on the recent discovery that MS produces pathogical lesions of gray matter (GM) that have consequences for cognitive functions. Methods for imaging these GM lesions in MS are discussed along with multimodal imaging studies that integrate structural and functional imaging methods to provide a better understanding of the relationship between cognitive test performance and functional reserve. Innovations in the screening and comprehensive assessment of cognitive disorders are presented along with recent research that examines cognitive dysfunction in pediatric MS. Results of innovative outcome studies in cognitive rehabilitation are discussed. Finally, we highlight trends for potential future innovations over the next decade. (JINS, 2017, 23, 832–842)

Keywords

Multiple sclerosisNeuropsychologyCognitionNeuropathologyMRIGray matterRehabilitation
Type
Section 2 – Neurological Disorders
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 23 , Special Issue 9-10: Special Issue: Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the International Neuropsychological Society , October 2017 , pp. 832 - 842
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 

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