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Effects of Bilingualism on Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Measures in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2018

Mónica Rosselli ,
David A. Loewenstein ,
Rosie E. Curiel ,
Ailyn Penate ,
Valeria L. Torres ,
Merike Lang ,
Maria T. Greig ,
William W. Barker  and
Ranjan Duara
Mónica Rosselli*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, Florida
David A. Loewenstein
Affiliation:
1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, Florida Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Rosie E. Curiel
Affiliation:
1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, Florida Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Ailyn Penate
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
Valeria L. Torres
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida
Merike Lang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida
Maria T. Greig
Affiliation:
1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, Florida Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
William W. Barker
Affiliation:
1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, Florida Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
Ranjan Duara
Affiliation:
1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, Florida Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Mónica Rosselli, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 3200 College Ave, Davie, FL 33314. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objectives: Maintaining two active languages may increase cognitive and brain reserve among bilingual individuals. We explored whether such a neuroprotective effect was manifested in the performance of memory tests for participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: We compared 42 bilinguals to 25 monolinguals on verbal and nonverbal memory tests. We used: (a) the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), a sensitive test that taps into proactive, retroactive, and recovery from proactive semantic interference (verbal memory), and (b) the Benson Figure delayed recall (nonverbal memory). A subsample had volumetric MRI scans. Results: The bilingual group significantly outperformed the monolingual group on two LASSI-L cued recall measures (Cued A2 and Cued B2). A measure of maximum learning (Cued A2) showed a correlation with the volume of the left hippocampus in the bilingual group only. Cued B2 recall (sensitive to recovery from proactive semantic interference) was correlated with the volume of the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex of both cerebral hemispheres in the bilingual group, as well as with the left and right hippocampus in the monolingual group. The memory advantage in bilinguals on these measures was associated with higher inhibitory control as measured by the Stroop Color-Word test. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated a superior performance of aMCI bilinguals over aMCI monolinguals on selected verbal memory tasks. This advantage was not observed in nonverbal memory. Superior memory performance of bilinguals over monolinguals suggests that bilinguals develop a different and perhaps more efficient semantic association system that influences verbal recall. (JINS, 2019, 25, 15–28)

Keywords

Proactive interferenceBilingualismSpanishAlzheimer’sMCIHispanics/LatinosMemory
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 15 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2018 

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