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Daily Cannabis Use is Associated With Lower CNS Inflammation in People With HIV

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2021

C. Wei-Ming Watson Open the ORCID record for C. Wei-Ming Watson [Opens in a new window] ,
Laura M. Campbell Open the ORCID record for Laura M. Campbell [Opens in a new window] ,
Ni Sun-Suslow ,
Suzi Hong ,
Anya Umlauf ,
Ronald J. Ellis ,
Jennifer E. Iudicello ,
Scott Letendre ,
Thomas D. Marcotte  and
Robert K. Heaton
...Show all authors
C. Wei-Ming Watson*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA
Laura M. Campbell
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA
Ni Sun-Suslow
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
Suzi Hong
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
Anya Umlauf
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
Ronald J. Ellis
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
Jennifer E. Iudicello
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
Scott Letendre
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
Thomas D. Marcotte
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
Robert K. Heaton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
Erin E. Morgan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
Igor Grant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Caitlin Wei-Ming Watson, M.S., HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B (8231), San Diego, CA92103, USA. E-mail: c4watson@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

Recent cannabis exposure has been associated with lower rates of neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV (PWH). Cannabis’s anti-inflammatory properties may underlie this relationship by reducing chronic neuroinflammation in PWH. This study examined relations between cannabis use and inflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, and cognitive correlates of these biomarkers within a community-based sample of PWH.

Methods:

263 individuals were categorized into four groups: HIV− non-cannabis users (n = 65), HIV+ non-cannabis users (n = 105), HIV+ moderate cannabis users (n = 62), and HIV+ daily cannabis users (n = 31). Differences in pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, IP-10/CXCL10, sCD14, sTNFR-II, TNF-α) by study group were determined by Kruskal–Wallis tests. Multivariable linear regressions examined relationships between biomarkers and seven cognitive domains, adjusting for age, sex/gender, race, education, and current CD4 count.

Results:

HIV+ daily cannabis users showed lower MCP-1 and IP-10 levels in CSF compared to HIV+ non-cannabis users (p = .015; p = .039) and were similar to HIV− non-cannabis users. Plasma biomarkers showed no differences by cannabis use. Among PWH, lower CSF MCP-1 and lower CSF IP-10 were associated with better learning performance (all ps < .05).

Conclusions:

Current daily cannabis use was associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines implicated in HIV pathogenesis and these chemokines were linked to the cognitive domain of learning which is commonly impaired in PWH. Cannabinoid-related reductions of MCP-1 and IP-10, if confirmed, suggest a role for medicinal cannabis in the mitigation of persistent inflammation and cognitive impacts of HIV.

Keywords

Neuroinflammationcognitionneurocognitive impairmentmarijuanacannabinoidsNeuroAIDSHIV/AIDScerebrospinal fluid
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 27 , Special Issue 6: Clarifying the Complexities of Cannabis and Cognition , July 2021 , pp. 661 - 672
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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