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Associations of Lipid Levels and Cognition: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2019

Melissa Lamar Open the ORCID record for Melissa Lamar [Opens in a new window] ,
Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu ,
Carlos J. Rodriguez ,
Robert C. Kaplan ,
Marisa J. Perera ,
Jianwen Cai ,
Rebeca A. Espinoza Giacinto ,
Hector M. González  and
Martha L. Daviglus
Melissa Lamar*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612, USA Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612, USA Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL60612, USA
Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu
Affiliation:
Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612, USA Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University, Chicago, IL60153, USA
Carlos J. Rodriguez
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27109, USA
Robert C. Kaplan
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA98109, USA
Marisa J. Perera
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL33124, USA
Jianwen Cai
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
Rebeca A. Espinoza Giacinto
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA92093, USA Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA92093, USA
Hector M. González
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA92093, USA
Martha L. Daviglus
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612, USA Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612, USA
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Melissa Lamar, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 West Harrison Street, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objective:

Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are less aware of their cholesterol levels and have a higher burden of associated adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes than non-Latino whites. Investigations of the associations between cholesterol levels and cognition in this population have often occurred within the context of metabolic syndrome and are limited to select lipids despite the fact that triglycerides (TGs) may be more relevant to the health of Hispanics/Latinos.

Methods:

Baseline data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, collected from 2008 to 2011, was used to investigate the associations of lipid levels (i.e., TG, total cholesterol, TC; low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C) with cognition (i.e., learning, memory, verbal fluency, and digit symbol substitution, DSS), adjusting for relevant confounders.

Results:

In 7413 participants ages 45 to 74 years from Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American backgrounds, separate, fully adjusted linear regression models revealed that TG levels were inversely associated with DSS performance; however, this relationship was no longer significant once additional cardiovascular disease risk factors were added to the model (p = .06). TC and LDL-C levels (separately) were positively associated with learning and verbal fluency regardless of adjustments (p-values < .05). Separate analyses investigating the effect modification by background and sex revealed a particularly robust association between TC levels and DSS performance for Puerto Ricans and Central Americans (albeit in opposite directions) and an inverse relationship between TG levels and DSS performance for women (p-values < .02).

Conclusions:

It is important to consider individual lipid levels and demographic characteristics when investigating associations between cholesterol levels and cognition in Hispanics/Latinos.

Keywords

CholesterolTriglyceridesCognitionLatinosLearningMemory
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , March 2020 , pp. 251 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019

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