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Canadian Vital Statistics; with particular reference to the Province of Ontario
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 August 2016
Extract
Investigations of the mortality prevailing in Canada, whether among assured lives or the population at large, have not up to the present been frequent. Such enquiries demand, first of all, a considerable extent and precision of data, and these are seldom furnished by the records of such private corporations as do business in a new country, or by the periodical censuses undertaken by Government. As to assured lives, most of the companies now transacting the business of life assurance in Canada are recent entrants into the arena, and of such of them as are not to be included in this class, it is yet true that most of their assurances have been effected at comparatively recent dates; so that an investigation into the mortality of the lives, whether undertaken by a single company (supposing its business to be of sufficient magnitude) or by any combination of companies, would be subject to the same defects as are chargeable against the Thirty American Offices' Experience, and against many others, for all of which this example—Titanic in all respects—may stand.
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- Copyright © Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 1906
References
page 126 note * Mortality Experience of the Canada life Assurance Company. Times Printing Co., Hamilton, Ont., 1895.The general mortality table deduced from the observations was graduated in accordance with the first modification of Makeham's lawGoogle Scholar.
page 127 note * System and Tables of Life Insurance, p. 167. The “probable loss’ there referred to—the “expected loss” of the text—was calculated by what Mr. Meech calls the “Common American Table of 1858.” This is the table which Mr. Sheppard Homans constructed from the fifteen years' experience of the Mutual Life of New York, and is not, as some appear to have thought, the American Experience Table, which was not produced until 1867. The former table conformed more nearly than the latter to the experience of British companies.
page 127 note † At present the political texture consists of nine Provinces and six Territories, whereo f the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario possess seven-tenths of the tota l population of the country. Alberta and Saskatchewan were created Provinces by Act of Parliament, 1905.
page 128 note * The isothermal lines for this region do not even approximately follow the parallels of latitude, but run sharply north-west as one advances from the longitude of Lake Superior to the Pacific. Thus at Dawson City in the Yukon (latitude 64°+), oats, turnips, celery, cauliflowers, etc., are raised in abundance, and at Fort Macpherson (some distance within the Arctic Circle), the potato is successfully cultivated to maturity.
page 129 note * During the year ended June 30, 1903, 128,364 declared settlers entered the country, as against an average of less than 40,000 per annum for the previous decade. Of this number, approximatel y 32 per-cent came from the British Isles, and 38 per-cent from the United States. For the corresponding year ended 1904, 130,331 settlers entered: 39 per-cent being from the British Isles, and 35 per-cent from the United States. The figures for the year ended June 1905, are 146,266, with percentages of 45 and 30 from the British Isles and United States respectively. See also an article in the Nineteenth Century for December 1902; vol. lii, p. 910, et seq.
page 129 note † Witness the mortality of the Britis h in India, of th e French in Morocco, of Europeans on th e West Coast of Africa, &c. Almost unlimited examples might be given of the heavy mortality experienced by European troops serving in the tropics, the native troops suffering little in comparison. The capacity of resisting the diseases peculiar to any climate lies deep in the fibres of a race, and i n the long run will give that race supremacy over the soil.
page 130 note * Registration is a matter lying solely within the jurisdictions of the Provincial and Territorial legislatures, but has not hitherto received from those bodies the attention which it deserves. Nova Scotia has no registration.
page 130 note † Those desirous of general information as to the state of Canada should consult, in addition to census reports, the Statistical Year Book of Canada, published by the Government. This hook, now in its twentieth year of issue, gives in synoptical form information regarding the resources, development and general condition of the country from time to time.
page 131 note * As an example of the employment of such material, all students of the Institute will recollect a paper of the late Burridge, A. F., “On the Rates of Mortality in Victoria, &c.”, J.I.A., xxiii, 309 Google Scholar.
page 133 note * In 1896 certain amendments were made in the Registration Act, and the direct result seems to have been, among other things, a better return of births for the subsequent years.
page 133 note † “Life Table for Scotland, based on the Census Enumerations of 1891 and 1901, &c.”, by Mr. Adam, T., M.A. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, vol. lxvii, p. 448 Google Scholar.
page 136 note * The factors employed were determined from the figures of the 1891 and 1901 censuses:
Hence the multipliers necessary for bringing the population as of 31 March 1901, to a point of time six months earlier are .9987456 for males and 9980528 for females.
page 151 note * A line in the United States, between Pennsylvania on the north, and Delaware, Maryland, and North Virginia on the south, coinciding with 39° 43' 26·3 N. latitude.—ED. J.I.A.