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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 November 2010
1 For a detailed examination of the APA, see Wallace, Les, The Rhetoric of Anti-Catholicism: The American Protective Association, 1887–1911 (New York, 1990).Google Scholar
2 Dolan, Jay, The American Catholic Experience (Garden City, NY, 1987), 312–20Google Scholar; 334. See also Appleby, Scott, Church and Age Unite! The Modernist Impulse and American Catholidsm (Notre Dame, IN, 1992).Google Scholar
3 Dolan, , The American Catholic Experience, 316.Google Scholar
4 Another work that offers a national perspective on Catholic social reform is Brown, Dorothy M. and McKeowen, Nancy, The Poor Belong to Us: Catholic Charities and American Welfare (Cambridge, MA, 2000).Google Scholar Brown and McKeowen are largely concerned with the professionalization of Catholic charity organizations.
5 Bederman, Gail, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 (Chicago, 1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6 Roediger, David, The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class(London, New York, 1991).Google Scholar
7 Jacboson, Matthew Frye, Whiteness of A Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race (Cambridge, MA, 1998), 39–90.Google Scholar
8 McGreevy, John T., Catholicism and American Freedom: A History (New York, 2003).Google Scholar For analysis of this dynamic during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, see particuarly chapter four, “The Nation” and chapter five, “The Social Question.”