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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 November 2021
1 De Santis, Vincent P., Republicans Face the Southern Question—The New Departure Years, 1877–1897 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1959)Google Scholar; Stanley P. Hirshson, Farewell to the Bloody Shirt: Northern Republicans and the Southern Negro, 1877–1893 (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1962); Xi Wang, The Trial of Democracy: Black Suffrage and Northern Republicans, 1860–1910 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997); and Charles W. Calhoun, Conceiving a New Republic: The Republican Party and the Southern Question, 1869–1900 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006).