Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2014
If σ is the order type of a recursive linear order which has a nontrivial automorphism, we let
denote the least complexity in the arithmetical hierarchy such that every recursive order of type σ has a nontrivial automorphism of complexity
. In Chapter 16 of his book
Linear orderings
[R], Rosenstein discussed the problem of determining
for certain order types σ. For example Rosenstein proved that
, where ζ is the order type of the integers, by constructing a recursive linear order of type ζ which has no nontrivial Σ
1-automorphism and showing that every recursive linear order of type ζ has a nontrivial Π
1-automorphism. Rosenstein also considered linear orders of order type 2 · η, where 2 is the order type of a two-element chain and η is the order type of the rational numbers. It is easily seen that any recursive linear order of type 2 · η has a nontrivial ⊿
2-automorphism; he showed that there is a recursive linear order of type 2 · η that has no nontrivial Σ
1-automorphism. This left the question, posed in [R] and also by Lerman and Rosenstein in [LR], of whether
or ⊿
2. The main result of this article is that
:
The author was supported in part by NSF grant IPS-80110451, ONR grant N00014-85K-0494, and NSERC grants 69-3378, 69-0259, and 69-1325.