No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Continuity and Change in Philippine Electoral Politics: A Re-Evaluation*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 April 2011
Extract
One of the more recent drop-outs from the world's electoral club was the Philippines, a nation with a remarkably stable two-party system stretching, in the years since independence, over some twenty-five years. With the imposition of martial law in September 1972, the curtain was drawn, at least temporarily, on the longest running democracy in Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study is neither to praise nor bury the pre-1972 Philippine electoral system, but rather to look more closely at some recurring patterns which emerged during this period—patterns which, it will be argued, conform to a “machine model” of politics.
- Type
- Articles
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The National University of Singapore 1976
References
page 226 note 1 For an excellent analysis of the pre-martial law Philippine political system, see Lande, Carl H., Leaders, Factions and Parties: The Structure of Philippine Politics, Southeast Asian Studies, Monograph Series No. 6 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964)Google Scholar. Another excellent treatment is provided by Grossholtz, Jean, Politics in the Philippines (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1964)Google Scholar.
page 226 note 2 On the identical nature of Philippine parties, see Lande, Carl H., “Politics in the Philippines”, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (Harvard University, 1958)Google Scholar.
page 226 note 3 Lande, Leaders, Factions and Parties …
page 227 note 4 Scott, James C., “Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Development,” American Political Science Review, 63:3 (December 1969), 1142–1159CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
page 227 note 5 Lande, Leaders, Factions and Parties, p. 43.
page 227 note 6 Scott, op. cit., p. 1158.
page 227 note 7 Benson, Louis, “A Research Note on Machine Politics as a Model for Change in a Philippine Province,” American Political Science Review, 67: 2 (June 1973), 560–566CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
page 227 note 8 Ibid., p. 566.
page 228 note 9 Lande, Leaders, Factions and Parties, pp. 48–57.
page 228 note 10 Two of the early yet extremely thorough treatments of Philippine administration are Stene, Edwin O. and Associates, Public administration in the Philippines (Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1955)Google Scholar; and Corpuz, Onofre, Bureaucracy in the Philippines (Manila: University of the Philippines, 1957)Google Scholar.
page 228 note 11 Vergara, Ernesto M., “The Fiscal Position of Philippine Local Governments, 1962–1966”, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (University of Kansas, 1971)Google Scholar.
page 228 note 12 Lande, Leaders, Factions and Parties, op. cit., pp. 82–83.
page 230 note 13 Ando, Hirofumi, “Voting Turnout in the Philippines,” Philippine Journal of Public Administration, XIII: 4 (1969), 424–441Google Scholar.
page 231 note 14 For an interesting treatment of Magsaysay's Presidency, see Abueva, Jose V., Ramon Magsaysay: A Political Biography (Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House, 1971)Google Scholar.
page 233 note 15 Lande, Leaders, Factions and Parties, pp. 48–69 and 112–113.
page 233 note 16 Felipe Azcuna, an Independent Liberal governor of Zamboanga in 1951, was re-elected as a Nacionalista in 1963 from Zamboanga Del Norte, but he had made his switch by the 1955 election in which he lost to another Nacionalista.
page 234 note 17 Scott, op. cit.,p. 1157.