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Bangkok electric

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2022

Abstract

Visitors to the city of Bangkok are often struck by the sight of exposed, dangling, and dangerous electrical wires and a multitude of inconveniently placed utility posts that impede pedestrian circulation. This article argues that the city's seemingly dysfunctional electric power infrastructure is not a failure of modernisation but the outcome, or ‘style’, of a socio-technological system built by and operated for a narrow set of interests. To demonstrate this, the article presents a history of the electric power system that shows how its initial development in the early twentieth century produced new forms of privilege and disenfranchisement that are now the basis of social division in the city. By approaching the study of Bangkok's electric power system in terms of equity, the article offers a framework for evaluating how infrastructure shapes cultural practice, social relations, and political authority.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The National University of Singapore, 2022

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Footnotes

The author would like to thank Lawrence Chua and Choon Hwee Koh for their comments on early drafts of this article. He would also like to thank Wiphop Huyakorn for his help obtaining documents from the National Archives of Thailand (henceforth NAT), Bangkok. This research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its AcRF Tier 2 programme (ref. no. T2MOE1716).

References

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2 The photograph is kept at the NAT, ภ 003 หวญ 19-1. Permission was not granted to publish the image.

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8 NAT ภ 002 หวญ 6/13. Permission was not granted to publish this image.

9 NAT R5 N 5.10/16, Borisat fai fa sayam jat sue sai fai fa hai thuk tong tam sanya kap rathaban hai rathaban song phu thaen pai truat khong borisat kho anuyat wang sai tai nam [The Siam Electricity Company to purchase cables according to terms of contract with government, requests government representative check equipment and for permission to lay cables underwater].

10 NAT R6 N 7.6/38, Mi khon klaeng tham hai kan fai fa boriwen bang sue koet tit khat [Mischievous individual cuts power around Bang Sue].

11 NAT R5 N 5.10/11, Nai chang fai fa sukhaphiban lae borisat ilektriksiti thun jamkat dai phrom jai kan ja khit plian plaeng kho sanya chai sai fai fa mai phuea kho anuyat to rathaban wan det khat thi ja plian plaeng dai doi raew [The engineer of the Sanitation Department and the Siam Electricity Company, Ltd. agree to change the terms of their contract regarding the use of electric power cables so that they may quickly request permission from the government for a deadline to enact changes].

12 NAT R5 N 5.10/10, Tit fai fa tam thanon tang tang mi rueang tit khom aklai thi thanon rachadamnoen nok [Installing lights on various streets including arc lights on Ratchadamnoen Nok Road].

13 NAT R6 N 7.6/32, Phraya burut kho pan sao fai fa khon krit khong rong fai fa samsen yang lek song sao [Phraya Burut requests making of two small concrete pillars for the Samsen power plant].

14 NAT R5 N 5.10/10, Tit fai fa tam thanon tang tang mi rueang tit khom aklai thi thanon rachadamnoen nok.

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27 The mural by Sten and Lex is entitled ‘Storm’ and was completed in 2016 as part of the Bukruk Urban Arts Festival.

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38 NAT R5 N 5.10/1, Kampani fai fa lae rueang khwam lom lalai [The Electric Company and its bankruptcy].

39 Lamont Groundwater, ‘Engineering’, in Twentieth century impressions of Siam, ed. Arnold Wright (London: Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing, 1908), p. 188. For the rest of this essay, I will use TSEC to distinguish the Danish-run Siam Electricity Co. Ltd (1898–1947) from the original Siam Electric Co. (1889–92).

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42 NAT R6 N 7.6/3, Tang rong tham fai fa khong rathaban [Establishing a government power station to produce electricity].

43 NAT R6 N 7.6/75, Borisat fai fa sayam [The Siam Electricity Company].

44 NAT R6 N 7.6/3, Tang rong tham fai fa khong rathaban.

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52 NAT R5 N 5.10/33, Song samnao raingan prachum senabodi rueang fai fa [Submitting a copy of the minutes of meeting of ministers regarding electricity].

53 NAT K Kh 0301.1.37/7, Samsen Power Station.

54 Wipharat, ‘The development of electric power’, p. 268.

55 NAT R7 Ph 10/2, Kan fai fa luang samsen [The government electric power station at Samsen].

56 NAT K Kh 0301.1.37/7, Samsen Power Station.

57 NAT R7 Ph 10/2, Kan fai fa luang samsen.

58 NAT R5 N 5.10/15, Khom fai fa tam tamnak tang tang nai phra borommaharachawang lae wang dusit [Electric light bulbs in various royal residences and the Dusit Palace].

59 NAT R7 Ph 10/2, Kan fai fa luang samsen.

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67 Cited in Veal, ‘The charismatic index’, p. 13.

68 Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ‘Night life’, in The consumption reader, ed. David B. Clarke, Marcus A. Doel and Kate M.L. Housiaux (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 87–92.

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70 Cited in Pisali, Virayut, Krungthep yam ratri [Bangkok at night] (Bangkok: Silapawatthanatham, 2014), p. 16Google Scholar.

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