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American Imperialism in Southeast Asia Before 1898

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2011

James W. Gould
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Extract

In American diplomatic history it is common to refer to the start of American imperialism with the acquisition of the Philippines in 1898. This paper seeks to prove, however, the existence of United States imperialism in Southeast Asia before that event.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , September 1972 , pp. 306 - 314
Copyright
Copyright © The National University of Singapore 1972

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References

1 See Stoessinger, John B., The Might of Nations (New York: Random House, 1965), p. 74Google Scholar; Padelford, Norman and Lincoln, George, International Politics (New York: Macmillan, 1967), p. 89Google Scholar; also Palmer and Perkins, Haas and Whiting, Mills and McLaughlin, Norman Hill and Richard Leopold.

2 Gould, J.W., The First American Contact with Asia. Claremont Asian Studies, No. 7 (1960), p. 7.Google Scholar

3 Ibid., pp. 5–6

4 Crawfurd, John, History of the Indian Archipelago (Edinburgh: A. Constable, 1820), III, p. 253.Google Scholar

5 The possible causes of the seizure are discussed in detail in another place. See Gould, J.W., “Sumatra — America's Pepperpot”, Essex Institute Historical Collections, XCII, No. 3 (July 1956), pp. 229, ff.Google Scholar

6 Ibid., No. 4 (Oct. 1956), pp. 295, ff.

7 Percival to Secretary of Navy, June 21, 1845, Captains Letters, May-June, 1845, doc. 235, Navy Dept, National Archives Microcopy 125, roll 322; Original French account given in Taboulet, Georges, La Geste Française en Indochine (Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1955), I, pp. 365, 367.Google Scholar

8 Joseph Balestier to the Cochin Chinese, March 4, 1850, in Senate Exec. Doc. 38, 32d. Cong., 1st sess., p. 41.

9 Balestier to Sec. of State, March 12, 1850, in Sen. Ex. Doc. 38, p. 37 and Nov. 25, 1851, State Dept., Special Agents, Vol. XVIII, 1849–1851, National Archives.

10 Document 13, March 19, 1850, Sen. Ex. Doc. 38, p. 43.

11 Art. II and III, Malloy, William, ed., Treaties … between the U.S. and other Powers (Washington: G.P.O., 1910), II, pp. 1626–1627.Google Scholar

12 Art. IX., Malloy, I, pp. 130–131.

13 Malloy, II, pp. 1630–1631.

14 Roberts, Edmund, Embassy to Eastern Courts (New York: Harper, 1837), p. 248.Google Scholar

15 Her own words quoted by Knowles, James, Memoir of Ann H. Judson (Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1840), pp. 111, 115Google Scholar; See also the comments of the President of Brown University approving Judson's mission to “this benighted people” who lived in unfortunate “wickedness and misery” brought on by being “steeped in an idolatry” which will be solved by that “sovereign remedy for all these evils”, Christianity, which he knows will spread “until the temples of Gaudama should be deserted and the moral character of men be renewed and Burmah become a kingdom of our Lord …“, Wayland, Francis, A Memoir of the Life and Labors of the Rev. Adoniram Judson (Boston: Phillips, Sampson, 1853), I, p. 156.Google Scholar

16 Gould, J.W., The United States and Malaysia (Cambridge: Harvard, 1969), p. 61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

17 Perry to Sec. of Navy, Dec. 14, 1852, in his Narrative of the Japan Expendition, House Ex. Doc. 97, 33d. Cong., 2d. sess., II, pp. 173, 179.

18 Gould, The United States and Malaysia, pp. 63–64.

19 Gould, J.W., Americans in Sumatra (The Hague: Nyhoff, 1961), p.4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

20 Sumner, Charles, The True Grandeur of Nations (Boston: American Peace Society, 1869). pp. 52, 110 ff.Google Scholar

21 Gould, Americans in Sumatra, p. 42; for rubber imports growth in the 1880's, p. 82.

22 Note 22: Ibid., p. 46.