Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-12T16:12:41.386Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Welfare States and Social Cohesion in Europe: Does Social Service Quality Matter?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2015

RHYS ANDREWS
Affiliation:
Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, CF10 3EU, UK email: [email protected]
SEBASTIAN JILKE
Affiliation:
Rutgers University - Newark, 111, Washington St, Newark, NJ 07102, United States email: [email protected]

Abstract

In this article, the authors evaluate whether the provision of good quality social services has the potential to create social cohesion. In addition to examining the relationship between social services and social cohesion, the authors expand institutional theories of social capital by investigating whether this potential for building social solidarity may be resilient to the corrosive effects of economic strain. Multilevel analyses of variations in the perceptions of social cohesion amongst Europeans were conducted for 27 member countries of the EU using the Eurobarometer 74.1 on poverty and social exclusion from 2010. The results suggest that individuals receiving better quality social service provision perceived higher levels of social cohesion within the country in which they live. By contrast, individuals living in households experiencing economic strain perceived lower levels of cohesion. Further analysis revealed that the experience of economic strain does not weaken the positive relationship between social services quality and perceptions of cohesion.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amin, A. (2002), ‘Ethnicity and the Multicultural City: Living with Diversity’, Environment and Planning A, 34: 6, 959–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, R., Jilke, S. and Van de Walle, S. (2014), ‘Economic Strain and Perceptions of Social Cohesion in Europe: Does Institutional Trust Matter’, European Journal of Political Research, 53: 3, 559–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, P. (1999), Social Cohesion: A Critique. Discussion Paper No. F/9, Canadian Policy Research Networks, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Blaxland, M. (2013), ‘Street-level Interpellation: How Government Addresses Mothers Claiming Income Support’, Journal of Social Policy, 42: 4, 783–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blekesaune, M. (2013), ‘Economic Strain and Public Support for Redistribution: A Comparative Analysis of 28 European Countries’, Journal of Social Policy, 42: 1, 5772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, J., To, H-P. and Chan, E. (2006), ‘Reconsidering Social Cohesion: Developing a Definition and Analytical Framework for Empirical Research’, Social Indicators Research, 75, 2: 273302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, K. S., Hardin, R. and Levi, M. (2005), Cooperation Without Trust? New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Delhey, J. (2007), ‘Do Enlargements make the European Union less Cohesive? An Analysis of Trust between EU Nationalities’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 45: 2, 253279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dieckhoff, M. and Gash, V. (2015), ‘Unemployed and Alone? Unemployment and Social Participation in Europe’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 35: 1/2, 6790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dragolov, G., Ignácz, Z., Lorenz, J., Delhey, J.. and Boehnke, K. (2013), Social Cohesion Radar: Measuring Common Ground, Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.Google Scholar
Durkheim, E. (1984), The Division of Labour in Society (first published 1893), Houndmills: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elster, J. (1983), Sour Grapes. Studies in Subversion of Rationality, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission (2010), Eurobarameter 74.1, Brussels (http://zacat.gesis.org/webview)Google Scholar
Flora, D.B. and Curran, J.B. (2004), ‘An Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Methods for Estimation for Confirmatory Factors Analysis with Ordinal Data’, Psychological Methods, 9, 466491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freitag, M. and Buhlmann, M. (2009), ‘Crafting Trust: The Role of Political Institutions in a Comparative Perspective’, Comparative Political Studies, 42: 12, 1537–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelissen, J.T.M., van Oorschot, W.J.H. and Finsveen, E. (2012), ‘How does the Welfare State influence Individuals’ Social Capital? Eurobarometer Evidence on Individuals’ Access to Informal Help’, European Societies, DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2012676660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GESIS (2013), Eurobarometer 74.1 – Variable Report. GESIS-Variable Reports No. 2013|4, Bonn: GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences.Google Scholar
Golding, P. and Middleton, S. (1982), Images of Welfare: Press and Public Attitudes to Poverty, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Green, A., Janmaat, G. and Cheng, H. (2011), ‘Social Cohesion: Converging and Diverging Trends’, National Institute Economic Review, 215, 622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorodzeisky, A. and Semyonov, M. (2009), ‘Terms of Exclusion: Public Views Towards Admission and Allocation of Rights to Immigrants in European Countries’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 32: 1, 401–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagerty, M.R. (1998), ‘Unifying Liveability and Comparison Theory: Cross-national Time-Series Analysis of Life-satisfaction’, Social Indicators Research, 47, 343–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedstrom, P. (2005), Dissecting the Social: On the Principles of Analytical Sociology, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemerijck, A. (2013), Changing Welfare States, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hoggett, P., Wilkinson, H. and Beedell, P. (2013), ‘Fairness and the Politics of Resentment’, Journal of Social Policy, 42: 3, 567585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, K. (2009), ‘Prosocial Behavior across Cultures: The Effects of Institutional versus Generalized Trust’, in Thye, S.R. and Lawler, E.J. (eds.) Altruism and Prosocial Behavior in Groups (Advances in Group Processes, Volume 26), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 165–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, O. (2009), ‘Evaluating the Expectations Disconfirmation an Expectations Anchoring Approaches to Citizen Satisfaction with Public Services’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19: 1, 107–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kearns, A., Bailey, N., Gannon, M., Livingston, M. and Leyland, A. (2014), ‘All in it Together’? Social Cohesion in a Divided Society: Attitudes to Income Inequality and Redistribution in a Residential Context’, Journal of Social Policy, 43: 3, 453–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kline, R.B. (2010), Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. (Seventh Edition). New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kumlin, S. (2009), ‘Blaming Europe? Exploring the Variable Impact of National Public Service Dissatisfaction on EU Trust’, Journal of European Social Policy, 19: 5, 408–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumlin, S. and Rothstein, B. (2005), ‘Making and Breaking Social Capital: The Impact of Welfare-State Institutions’, Comparative Political Studies, 38: 4, 339–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C-S. (2013), ‘Welfare States and Social Trust’, Comparative Political Studies, 46: 5, 603–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, R. and Rubin, D. (2002), Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. (2nd edition). New York: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mani, A., Mullainthan, S., Shafir, E. and Zhao, J. (2013), ‘Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function’, Science, 341, 976–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marchal, S., Marx, I. and van Mechelen, N. (2014), ‘The Great Wake-up call? Social Citizenship and Minimum Income Provisions in Europe in Times of Crisis. Journal of Social Policy, 43, 2, 247267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marrow, H.B. (2009), ‘Immigrant Bureaucratic Incorporation: The Dual Roles of Professional Missions and Government Policies’, American Sociological Review, 74: 5, 756–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merton, R.K. (1957), Social Theory and Social Structure, Revised ed. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Missinne, S., Meuleman, B. And Bracke, P. (2013), ‘The Popular Legitimacy of European Healthcare Systems: A Multilevel Analysis of 24 Countries’, Journal of European Social Policy, 23: 3, 231–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthén, B.O. (1984), ‘A General Structural Equation Model with Dichotomous, Ordered Categorical, and Continuous Latent Variable Indicators’, Psychometrika, 49, 115–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthén, B.O., du Toit, S.H.C. and Spisic, D. (1997), ‘Robust Inference using Weighted Least Squares and Quadratic Estimating Equations in Latent Variable Modeling with Categorical and Continuous Outcomes’, http://www.statmodel.com/bmuthen/articles/Article_075.pdf).Google Scholar
Muthén, L.K. and Muthén, B.O. (2012), Mplus User's Guide. Seventh Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén and Muthén.Google Scholar
Parkes, A., Kearns, A. and Atkinson, R. (2002), ‘What makes People Dissatisfied with their Neighbourhoods?’, Urban Studies, 39: 13, 2413–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pichler, F. and Wallace, C. (2007), ‘Patterns of Formal and Informal Social Capital in Europe’, European Sociological Review. 23: 4, 423–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, A. (2014), ‘Personalisation and Austerity in the Crosshairs: Government Perspectives on the Remaking of Adult Social Care’, Journal of Social Policy, 43: 4, 829–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L.M. and Malle, B.F. (1994), ‘Social Dominance Orientation: A Personality Variable Predicting Social and Political Attitudes’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67: 4, 741–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothstein, B. and Stolle, D. (2008), ‘The State and Social Capital: An Institutional Theory of Generalized Trust’, Comparative Politics, 40, 441–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothstein, B. and Uslaner, E. (2005), ‘All for All: Equality, Corruption and Social Trust’, World Politics, 58: 1, 4172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runcimann, W.G. (1966), Relative Deprivation and Social Justice, London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Scott, R.H. and Pressman, S. (2011), ‘A Double Squeeze on the Middle Class’, Journal of Economic Issues, 45: 2, 333–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steenbergen, M.R. and Jones, B.S. (2002), ‘Modeling Multilevel Data Structures’, American Journal of Political Science, 46: 1, 218–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (2005), ‘Is the Future American? Or can Left Politics Preserve the Welfare State from Erosion through Growing ‘Racial’ Diversity’, Journal of Social Policy, 34: 4, 661–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (2011), ‘Opportunity and Solidarity’, Journal of Social Policy, 40: 3, 453–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toerien, M., Sainsbury, R., Drew, P. and Irvine, A. (2013), ‘Putting Personalisation into Practice: Work-Focused Interviews in Jobcentre Plus’, Journal of Social Policy, 42: 2, 309–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tönnies, F. (1955), Community and Association (first published 1887), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Van Kersbergen, K. and Hemerijck, A. (2012), ‘Two Decades of Change in Europe: The Emergence of the Social Investment State’, Journal of Social Policy, 41: 3, 475–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Oorschot, W. (2000), ‘Who Should Get What, and Why? On Deservingness Criteria and the Conditionality of Solidarity among the Public’, Policy & Politics, 28: 1, 3348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Oorschot, W. (2006), ‘Making the difference in social Europe: deservingness perceptions among citizens of European welfare states’, Journal of European Social Policy, 16: 1, 2342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Oorschot, W. and Arts, W. (2005), ‘The Social Capital of European Welfare States: The Crowding Out Hypothesis Revisited’, Journal of European Social Policy, 15: 1, 526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Ryzin, G. and Charbonneau, E. (2010), ‘Public Service Use and Perceived Performance: An Empirical Note on the Nature of the Relationship’, Public Administration, 88: 2, 551–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenbroucke, F., Hemerijck, A. and Palier, B. (2011), ‘The EU needs a Social Investment Pact’, Observatoire Social Européen Paper Series, Opinion Paper no. 5.Google Scholar
Whelan, C.T. and Maître, B. (2005), ‘Economic Vulnerability, Multidimensional Deprivation and Social Cohesion in an Enlarged European Community’, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 46: 3, 215–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, M. (1997), ‘Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation’, International Migration Review, 31: 4, 9751008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed