Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T06:43:46.675Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Integrating Welfare and Production Typologies: How Refinements of the Varieties of Capitalism Approach call for a Combination of Welfare Typologies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2009

MARTIN SCHRÖDER*
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne email: [email protected]

Abstract

This article argues that existing typologies on production and welfare regimes should be combined into a typology unifying the study of production and distribution in advanced capitalist countries. The article utilises a principal component and cluster analysis to show that such a typology indeed reflects the empirical diversity of countries. This is further illustrated by a brief literature review of different typologies. It is then shown how the integration of the two approaches helps to resolve problems addressed in the new literature on the varieties of capitalism approach, notably how welfare arrangements relate to production systems. Thereby, the relevance of an integrated typology for policy-makers in the fields of welfare and production will be illustrated. Lastly, some thoughts follow on how an integrated typology allows for a perspective that explains the development of various welfare and production regimes based on the common historical heritage of families of nations.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, M. (1992), Kapitalismus contra Kapitalismus, Frankfurt/Main: Campus.Google Scholar
Allan, J. P. and Scruggs, L. (2004), ‘Political partisanship and welfare state reform in advanced industrial societies’, American Journal of Political Science, 48: 496512, http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~scruggs/ajpspaper.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amable, B. (2003), The Diversity of Modern Capitalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, U. (2007), ‘Open systemness and contested reference frames and change: a reformulation of the varieties of capitalism theory’, Socio-Economic Review, 5: 261–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botero, J., Djankov, S., Porta, R. and Lopez-De-Silanes, F. C. (2004), ‘The regulation of labor’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119: 1339–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, R. (2004a), ‘How and why capitalisms differ’, MPIfG Discussion Paper 02/5, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, www.mpifg.de/pu/mpifg_dp/dp05-4.pdfGoogle Scholar
Boyer, R. (2004b), Théorie de la régulation. Les fondamentaux, Paris: La Découverte.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, R. (2004c), Une théorie du capitalisme est-elle possible?, Paris: Odile Jacob.Google Scholar
Cerny, P. (1997), ‘International finance and the erosion of capitalist diversity’, in Crouch, C. and Streeck, W. (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity, London: Sage, pp. 173–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerny, P., Menz, G. and Soederberg, S. (eds.) (2005), Internalizing Globalization: The Rise of Neoliberalism and the Decline of National Varieties of Capitalism, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Crouch, C. (2005a), Capitalist Diversity and Change: Recombinant Governance and Institutional Entrepreneurs, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crouch, C. (2005b), ‘Models of capitalism’, New Political Economy, 10: 439–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crouch, C. and Streeck, W. (eds) (1997), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity, London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deeg, R. and Jackson, G. (2006), ‘How many varieties of capitalism? Comparing the comparative institutional analyses of capitalist diversity’, MPIfG Discussion Paper 06/2, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, www.mpifg.de/pu/mpifg_dp/dp06-2.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deeg, R. and Jackson, G. (2007), ‘Towards a more dynamic theory of capitalist variety’, Socio-Economic Review, 5: 149–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobbin, F. (1994), Forging Industrial Policy: The United States, Britain, and France in the Railway Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunteman, G. H. (1989), Principal Components Analysis, Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, Newbury Park: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebbinghaus, B. (1999), ‘Does a European social model exist and can it survive?’, in Huemer, G., Mesch, M. and Traxler, F. (eds), The Role of Employer Associations and Labour Unions in the EMU: Institutional Requirements for European Economic Policies, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Ebbinghaus, B. (2001), ‘When labour and capital collude: the political economy of early retirement in Europe, Japan and the USA’, in Ebbinghaus, B. and Manow, P. (eds), Varieties of Welfare Capitalism, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1999), Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies, New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estevez-Abe, M., Iversen, T. and Soskice, D. (2001), ‘Social protection and the formation of skills: a reinterpretation of the welfare state’, in Hall, P. A. and Soskice, D. (eds.), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ferrera, M. (1996), ‘The “southern model” of welfare in social Europe’, Journal of European Social Policy, 6: 1737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fligstein, N. (2001), The Architecture of Markets, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gough, I., Bradshaw, J., Ditch, J., Eardley, T. and Whiteford, P. (1997), ‘Social assistance in OECD countries’, Journal of European Social Policy, 7: 1743.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (2001), ‘Organized market economies and unemployment in Europe: is it finally time to accept liberal orthodoxy?’, in Bermeo, N. (ed), Unemployment in the New Europe, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (2006), ‘Stabilität und Wandel in den Spielarten des Kapitalismus’, in Beckert, J., Ebbinghaus, B., Hassel, A. and Manow, P. (eds), Transformationen des Kapitalismus, Frankfurt/Main: Campus.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (2007), ‘The evolution of varieties of capitalism in Europe’, in Hancké, B., Rhodes, M. and Thatcher, M. (ed), Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Conflict, Contradictions and Complementarities in the European Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, P. and Gingerich, D. (2004), ‘Varieties of capitalism and institutional complementarities in the macroeconomy: an empirical analysis’, MPIfG Discussion Paper 04/5, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, http://www.mpifg.de/pu/mpifg_dp/dp04-5.pdf.Google Scholar
Hall, P. and Soskice, D. (2001a), ‘An introduction to varieties of capitalism’, in Hall, P. and Soskice, D. (eds), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, P. and Soskice, D. (eds) (2001b), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancké, B., Rhodes, M. and Thatcher, M. (2007), ‘Introduction: beyond varieties of capitalism’, in Hancké, B., Rhodes, M. and Thatcher, M. (eds), Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Conflict, Contradictions and Complementarities in the European Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iversen, T. and Soskice, D. (2006), ‘Electoral institutions and the politics of coalitions: why some democracies redistribute more than others’, American Political Science Review, 100: 165–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolliffe, I. T. (2002), Principal Component Analysis, Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Kasza, G., J. (2002), ‘The illusion of welfare “regimes”’, Journal of Social Policy, 31: 271–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzenstein, P. (1985), Small States in World Markets, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
King, D. and Wood, S. (1999), ‘The political economy of neoliberalism: Britain and the United States in the 1980s’, in Kitschelt, H., Lange, P., Marks, G. and Stephens, J. D. (eds), Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 371–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korpi, W. (1985), ‘Power resources approach vs. action and conflict: on causal and intentional explanations in the study of power’, Sociological Theory, 3: 3145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korpi, W. (2006), ‘Power-resources and employer-centered approaches in explanations of welfare states and varities of capitalism’, ESPAnet Conference, Bremen (21.-23.9.2006).Google Scholar
Lehmbruch, G. (2001), ‘The institutional embedding of market economies: the German “model” and its impact on Japan’, in Streeck, W. and Yamamura, K. (eds), The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Lehmbruch, G. and Schmitter, P. (1979), Trends toward Corporatist Intermediation, Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
Lehmbruch, G. and Schmitter, P. (1982), Patterns of Corporatist Policy-Making, Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
Leibfried, S. (1992), ‘Towards a European welfare state? On integrating poverty regimes into the European Community’, in Ferge, Z. and Kolberg, J. E. (eds), Social Policy in a Changing Europe, Frankfurt/Main: Campus-Westview.Google Scholar
Lessenich, S. (1994), ‘Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism – oder vier? Strukturwandel arbeits- und sozialpolitischer Regulierungsmuster in Spanien’, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 35: 224–44.Google Scholar
Levine, R. (2000), ‘Bank-based or market-based financial systems: which is better?’, Minneapolis: Finance Department Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, www.bus.umich.edu/KresgeLibrary/Collections/Workingpapers/wdi/wp442.pdf.Google Scholar
Manow, P. (2001a), ‘Business coordination, wage bargaining and the welfare state. Germany and Japan in comparative historical perspective’, in Ebbinghaus, B. and Manow, P. (eds), Varieties of Welfare Capitalism, London: Routledge, pp. 2751.Google Scholar
Manow, P. (2001b), ‘Comparative institutional advantages of welfare state regimes and new coalitions in welfare state reforms’, in Pierson, P. (ed), The New Politics of the Welfare State, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mares, I. (2001a), ‘Firms and the welfare state: when, why, and how does social policy matter to employers?’, in Hall, P. and Soskice, D. (eds), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mares, I. (2001b), ‘Strategic bargaining and social policy development: unemployment insurance in France and Germany’, in Ebbinghaus, B. and Manow, P. (eds), Varieties of Welfare Capitalism, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Martin, C. and Swank, D. (2001), ‘Employers and the welfare state: the political economic organization of firms and social policy in contemporary capitalist democracies’, Comparative Political Studies, 34: 889923.Google Scholar
OECD (2003), Survey of Corporate Governance Developments in OECD Countries, Paris: Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation, www.oecd.org/dataoecd/58/27/21755678.pdf.Google Scholar
OECD (2004), Employment Outlook 2004, Paris: Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation.Google Scholar
OECD (2005a), Employment Outlook 2005, Paris: Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation.Google Scholar
OECD (2005b), OECD in Figures 2005, Paris: Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation, www.oecd.org/document/62/0,2340,en_2649_34489_2345918_1_1_1_1,00.html.Google Scholar
OECD (2005c), Pensions at a Glance: Public Policies Across OECD Countries, Paris: Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation.Google Scholar
OECD (2006), OECD Factbook 2006, Paris: Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation, titania.sourceoecd.org/vl = 2492909/cl = 11/nw = 1/rpsv/factbook.Google Scholar
Porta, R. et al. (2004), ‘The regulation of labor’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119: 1339–82.Google Scholar
Rothstein, B. (1998), Just Institutions Matter: The Moral and Political Logic of the Universal Welfare State, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scharpf, F. (1999), ‘The viability of advanced welfare states in the international economy: vulnerabilities and options’, MPIfG Working Paper 99/9, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, www.mpi-fg-koeln.mpg.de/pu/workpap/wp99-9/wp99-9.html.Google Scholar
Scharpf, F. and Schmidt, V. (eds) (2000a), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Vol. I: From Vulnerability to Competitiveness, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Scharpf, F. and Schmidt, V. (eds) (2000b), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Vol. II: Diverse Responses to Common Challenges, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, V. (2000), ‘Still three models of capitalism? The dynamics of economic adjustment in Britain, Germany and France’, in Czada, R. and Lütz, S. (eds), Die politische Konstitution von Märkten, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.Google Scholar
Schmidt, V. (2002), The Futures of European Capitalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shonfield, A. (1969), Modern Capitalism, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Soskice, D. (2007), ‘Macroeconomics and varieties of capitalism’, in Hancké, B., Rhodes, M. and Thatcher, M. (eds), Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Conflict, Contradictions and Complementarities in the European Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Soskice, D. and Iversen, T. (2001), ‘An asset theory of social policy preferences’, American Political Science Review, 95: 875–93.Google Scholar
Swenson, P. (2002), Capitalists Against Markets: The Making of Labor Markets and Welfare States in the United States and Sweden, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thelen, K. (2000), ‘Why German employers cannot bring themselves to dismantle the German model’, in Iversen, T., Pontusson, J. and Soskice, D. (eds), Unions, Employers and Central Banks, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vitols, S. (2001), ‘The origins of bank-based and market-based financial systems: Germany, Japan and the United States’, in Streeck, W. and Yamamura, K. (eds), The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism. Germany and Japan in Comparison, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, S. (2001), ‘The crisis of German and Japanese capitalism: stalled on the road to the liberal market model?’, Comparative Political Studies, 34: 1103–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, M. (1988 [1904]), Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie, Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr.Google Scholar
Whitley, R. (1999), Divergent Capitalisms: The Social Structuring and Change of Business Systems, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, S. (2001), ‘Labour market regimes under threat? Sources of continuity and change in Germany, Britain and Sweden’, in Pierson, P. (ed), The New Politics of the Welfare State, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
World Bank (2006), World Development Indicators, Washington: World Bank, go.worldbank. org/RVW6YTLQH0.Google Scholar