Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:24:53.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Freedom and the Welfare State: Theoretical Foundations*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2009

Abstract

This essay critically assesses nine claims concerning freedom and the welfare state, the latter defined narrowly and the former broadly. On balance, the findings favour the welfare state. Allegations concerning its negative impact on freedom, where true, are contingently rather than inherently so. The positive impacts are more clearcut, and work to the benefit of citizens as a whole in addition to welfare recipients themselves.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Acton, H. B. (1963), ‘Negative utilitarianism’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplement, 37, 8394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrow, K. J. (1973), ‘Some ordinalist-utilitarian notes on Rawls’, Journal of Philosophy, 70:9, 245–63.Google Scholar
Ball, T. (1978), ‘Two concepts of coercion’, Theory & Society, 5:1, 97112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barry, B. (1973), The Liberal Theory of Justice, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Bay, C. (1961), The Structure of Freedom, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.Google Scholar
Behn, R. D. and Clark, M. A. (1979), ‘he termination of beach erosion controls at Cape HatterasPublic Policy, 27:1, 99127.Google Scholar
Benn, S. I. (1978), ‘The rationality of political man,’ American Journal of Sociology, 83:5, 1271–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlin, I. (1969), Four Essays on Liberty, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1973), ‘Self-reliance and some conditions that promote it’, in Gosling, R. (ed.). Support, Innovation & Autonomy, Tavistock, London, pp. 2348.Google Scholar
Braybrooke, D. (1968), ‘Let needs diminish that preferences may prosper,’ American Philosophical Quarterly Monographs, 1, 86107.Google Scholar
Briggs, A. (1961), ‘The welfare state in historical perspective,’ Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 2:2, 221–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, J. M. (1970), ‘In defense of caveat emptor,’ University of Chicago Law Review, 38:1, 6473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, T. D. (1981), ‘Counterproductive welfare law,’ British Journal of Political Science, 11:3, 331–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casstevens, T. W. (1980), ‘Birth and death processes of governmental bureaus in the United States,’ Behavioral Science, 25, 161–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, G. A. (1979), ‘Capitalism, freedom and the proletariat,’ in Ryan, A. (ed.), The Idea of Freedom, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 925.Google Scholar
Cloward, R. A. and Piven, F. F. (1971), Regulating the Poor, Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Cutright, P. (1965), ‘Political structure, economic development and national social security programs,’ American Journal of Sociology, 70, 537–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dworkin, G. (1971), ‘Paternalism,’ in Wasserstrom, R. A. (ed.), Morality and the Law, Wadsworth, Belmont, California, pp. 107–26.Google Scholar
Elster, J. (1977), ‘Ulysses and the sirens: a theory of imperfect rationality,’ Social Science Information, 16: 5, 469526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, M. (1962), Capitalism and Freedom, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E. (1976), The Politics of Rational Man, Wiley, London.Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E. (1979), ‘Retrospective rationality: saving people from their former selves,’ Social Science Information, 18:6, 967–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodin, R. E. (1980), ‘Making moral incentives pay,’ Policy Sciences, 12:2, 131–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodin, R. E. (1981), ‘The political theories of choice and dignity,’ American Philosophical Quarterly, 18:2, 91100.Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E. (1982), Political Theory and Public Policy, Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E. (1983), ‘Laundering preferences,’ in Elster, J. and Hyllund, A. (eds), Foundations of Social Choice Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E. and Waldner, I. (1979), ‘Thinking big, thinking small and not thinking at all,’ Public Policy, 27:1, 124.Google Scholar
Green, T. H. (1881), ‘Liberal legislation and freedom of contract,’ in Nettleship, R. L., Green's Works, Longmans, Green, London, vol. 3, pp. 365–86.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. and Torgersen, U. (1974), ‘Market interests and moral indignation: the political psychology of housing price regulation in postwar Oslo,’ Scandinavian Political Studies, 9, 75101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardin, R. (1982), Collective Action, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harsanyi, J. C. (1975), ‘Can the maximin principle serve as a basis for morality? A critique of John Rawls' theory,’ American Political Science Review, 69:2, 594606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, F. A. (1960), The Constitution of Liberty, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.Google Scholar
Higgins, J. (1978), ‘Regulating the poor revisited,’ Journal of Social Policy, 7:2, 189–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, J. (1980), ‘Social control theories of social policy,’ Journal of Social Policy, 9:1, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, J. (1982), ‘Public welfare: the road to freedom?’, Journal of Social Policy, 11:2, 177–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsch, F. (1976), Social Limits to Growth, Routledge 81 Kegan Paul, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirschman, A. O. (1971), Exit, Voice and Loyalty, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Hochman, H. M. and Rodgers, J. D. (1969), ‘Pareto optimal redistribution,’ American Economic Review, 59, 542–57.Google Scholar
Hood, C. and Wright, M. (eds) (1981), Big Government in Hard Times. Martin Robertson, Oxford.Google Scholar
Jones, P. (1982), ‘Freedom and the redistribution of resources,’ Journal of Social Policy, 11:2, 217–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, H. A. (1977), Are Government Organizations Immortal?, Brookings, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Lange, O. (1936–1937), ‘On the economic theory of socialism,’ Review of Economic Studies, 4, 5371. 123–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, R. E. (1981), ‘Markets and politics: the human product,’ British Journal of Political Science, 11:1, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightman, E. S. (1981), ‘Continuity in social policy behaviours: the case of voluntary blood donorship,’ Journal of Social Policy, 10:1, 5379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindblom, C. E. (1977), Politics and Markets, Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
Lipsey, R. G. and Lancaster, K. (1956), ‘The general theory of second best,’ Review of Economic Studies, 24:1, 1133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipsky, M. (1980), Street-Level Bureaucracy, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.Google Scholar
MacCallum, G. (1966), ‘Legislative intent,’Yale Law Journal, 75:5, 754–87.Google Scholar
MacCallum, G. (1967), ‘Negative and positive freedom,’, Philosophical Review, 76:3, 312–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, J. (1955), ‘A comment on the pure theory of public expenditure,’ Review of Economics and Statistics, 37:4, 347–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, T. H. (1981), The Right of Welfare and Other Essays, Heinemann, London.Google Scholar
Merrill, S. A. (1978), ‘The politics of automobile passenger protection: behavioral versus environmental control’, in Wildavsky, A. B. and May, J. V. (eds), The Policy Cycle, Sage, Beverly Hills, California, pp. 89107.Google Scholar
Merton, R. K. (1946), Mass Persuasion: The Social Psychology of a War Bond Drive, Harper, New York.Google Scholar
Miller, D. (1976), Social Justice, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Miller, D. (1981), ‘Market neutrality and the failure of co-operatives,’ British Journal of Political Science, 11:3, 309–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D. (1983), ‘Constraints on freedom,’ Ethics, 93, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Moore, B. Jr. (1970), Reflections on the Causes of Human Misery, Beacon Press, Boston, Mass.Google Scholar
Moore, W. S. and Penner, R. G., eds (1980), The Constitution and the Budget, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Nelson, B. (1980), ‘Help-seeking from public authorities: who arrives at the agency door?’, Policy Sciences, 12:2, 175–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nozick, R. (1974), Anarchy, State and Utopia, Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
O'Neill, O. (1979), ‘The most extensive liberty,’ Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplement, 53, 4559.Google Scholar
Obler, J. (1981), ‘Private giving in the welfare state,’ British Journal of Political Science, 11:1, 1748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, M. Jr. (1965), The Logic of Collective Action, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rainwater, L. and Yancey, W. L., eds (1967), The Moynihan Report and the Politics of Controversy, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Ransom, R. L. and Sutch, R. (1977), One Kind of Freedom: The Economic Consequences of Emancipation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. (1972), A Theory of Justice, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Reich, C. (1964), ‘The new property,’ Yale Law Journal, 73:5, 773–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reppy, J. (1979), ‘The automobile airbag,’ in Nelkin, D. (ed.), Controversy, Sage, Beverly Hills, California, pp. 145–58.Google Scholar
Riskin, C. (1975), ‘Maoism and motivation: work incentives in China,’ in Nee, V. and Peck, J. (eds), China's Uninterrupted Revolution, Pantheon, New York.Google Scholar
Rousseau, J.-J. (1762), Social Contract (edited and translated by R. D., and Masters, J. R.), St. Martin's, New York, 1978.Google Scholar
Samuelson, P. A. (1954), ‘The pure theory of public expenditure’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 36:4, 387–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schelling, T. C. (1971), ‘On the ecology of micromotives’, Public Interest, 25, 6198.Google Scholar
Sen, A. K. (1973), ‘Behaviour and the concept of preference’, Economica, 40:2, 241–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shue, V. (1980), Peasant China in Transition, University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Sniderman, P. M. and Brody, R. A. (1977), ‘Coping: the ethics of self-reliance’, American Journal of Political Science, 21:3, 501–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner, P. O. (1970), ‘The public sector and the public interest’, in Haveman, R. H. and Margolis, J. (eds), Public Expenditures and Policy Analysis, Markham, Chicago, pp. 2158.Google Scholar
Stone, D. A. (1978), ‘The deserving sick: income-maintenance policy towards the ill and disabled’, Policy Sciences, 10:2/3, 133–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugden, R. (1982), ‘Hard luck stories: the problem of the uninsured in a laissez-faire society’, Journal of Social Policy, 11:2, 201–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tawney, R. H. (1952), Equality, 4th ed., Unwin, London.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (1979), ‘What's wrong with negative liberty?’, in Ryan, A. (ed.), The Idea of Freedom, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 175–94.Google Scholar
Taylor, M. (1976), Anarchy and Cooperation, Wiley, London.Google Scholar
Thurow, L. C. (1974), ‘Cash versus in-kind transfers’, American Economic Review (Papers nd Proceedings), 64:2, 190–95.Google Scholar
Tiebout, C. M. (1956), ‘A pure theory of local expenditure’, Journal of Political Economy, 64:5, 416–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titmuss, R. M. (1950), Problems of Social Policy, Longman, London.Google Scholar
Titmuss, R. M. (1971a), The Gift Relationship, George Allen and Unwin, London.Google Scholar
Titmuss, R. M. (1971b), ‘Welfare “rights”, law and discretion’, Political Quarterly, 42:2, 113–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titmuss, R. M. (1976), Essays on ‘the Welfare State’ (3rd ed.), Allen and Unwin, London.Google Scholar
Tobin, J. (1970), ‘On limiting the domain of inequality’, Journal of Law and Economics, 13:2, 363–78.Google Scholar
Watkins, J. W. N. (1963), ‘Negative utilitarianism’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplement, 37, 95114.Google Scholar
Weale, A. (1978), ‘Paternalism and social policy’, Journal of Social Policy, 7:2, 157–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weidenbaum, M. L. (1970), ‘Institutional obstacles to the reallocating government expenditures’, in Haveman, R. H. and Margolis, J. (eds), Public Expenditures and Policy Analysis, Markham, Chicago, pp. 232–45.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, A. B. (1975), Budgeting, Little Brown, Boston.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, A. B. (1980), How to Limit Government Spending, University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Wilensky, H. C. (1975), The Welfare State and Equality, University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar