Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:00:19.872Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Exploring what the Notion of ‘Lived Experience’ Offers for Social Policy Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2018

IAN MCINTOSH
Affiliation:
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland email: [email protected]
SHARON WRIGHT
Affiliation:
School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RS, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland email: [email protected]

Abstract

In this article, we suggest that social policy may be on the cusp of a large-scale adoption of the notion of lived experience. However, within social policy and allied disciplines, the growing use of the term ‘lived experience’ is unaccompanied by discussion of what it may mean or imply. We argue that now is a good time to consider what this term could mean for social policy analysis. The peculiarities of Anglo-centric usage of the broader term ‘experience’ are explored, before we identify and discuss several roots from which understandings of ‘lived experience’ as a concept and a research strategy have grown: namely, phenomenology, feminist writing and ethnography. Drawing on multiple historical and contemporary international literatures, we identify a set of dilemmas and propositions around: assumed authenticity, questioning taken-for-grantedness, intercorporeality, embodied subjectivity; political strategies of recognition, risks of essentialising, and immediacy of unique personal experiences versus inscription of discourse. We argue that lived experience can inform sharp critique and offer an innovative window on aspects of the ‘shared typical’. Our central intention is to encourage and frame debate over what lived experience could mean theoretically and methodologically within social policy contexts and what the implications may be for its continued use.

Type
Article
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, D. and Wilson, G. (2012), ‘The lived experience of climate change: complementing the natural and social sciences for knowledge, policy and action’, International Journal of Climate Change: impacts and responses, 3, 4, 99114.Google Scholar
Abbott, D. and Wilson, G. (2014a), ‘Climate change: lived experience, policy and public action’, International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6, 1, 518.Google Scholar
Abbott, D. and Wilson, G. (2014b), The lived experience of climate change: knowledge, science and public action, London: Springer.Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1986), ‘Ordinary and Extraordinary Experience’ in The anthropology of experience, Turner, V. and Bruner, E. M. (eds), Illinois: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Anaf, J., Newman, L., Baum, F., Ziersch, A. and Jolley, G. (2012), ‘Policy environments and job loss: lived experience of retrenched Australian automotive workers’, Critical Social Policy, 33, 2, 325347.Google Scholar
Atkinson, P. and Housley, W. (2003), Interactionism, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Basset, T., Faulkner, A., Repper, J. and Stamou, E. (2010), Lived experience leading the way: peer support in mental health, Nottingham: University of Nottingham/Together.Google Scholar
Bates, L. (2014), Everyday Sexism, London: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Beauvoir de, S. ([1949] 2010), The second sex, New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Becker, H. S. (2007), Telling about society, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bevir, M. and Rhodes, R. A. W. (2012), ‘Interpretivism and the analysis of traditions and practices’, Critical Policy Studies, 6, 2, 201208.Google Scholar
Boylorn, R. M. (2008), ‘Lived Experience’, in Given, L. M. (ed.) The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods, Vol. 2, Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
Bruner, E. M. (1986), ‘Experience and its Expressions’, in The anthropology of experience, Turner, V. and Bruner, E. M. (eds), Illinois: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Burch, R. (1990), ‘Phenomenology, lived experience: taking a measure of the topic’, Phenomenology and Pedagogy, 8, 130157.Google Scholar
Caelli, K. (2001), ‘Engaging with phenomenology: is it more of a challenge than it needs to be’, Qualitative Health Research, 11, 2, 273281.Google Scholar
Campbell, M. (2003), ‘Dorothy Smith and knowing the world we live in’, Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 30, 1, 322.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, S. J. (2000), A phenomenology of working-class experience, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crotty, M. (1998), The Foundations of social research: meaning and perspective in the social world, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Croucher, K., Quilgars, D., Baxter, D. and Dyke, A. (2017), Housing and life experiences: first interviews with a qualitative longitudinal panel of low income households York: Joseph Rowntree Foundations.Google Scholar
Denzin, N. K. (1996), Interpretive ethnography: ethnographic practices for the 21st Century, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Dubois, V. (2009), ‘Towards a critical policy ethnography: lessons from fieldwork on welfare control in France’, Critical Policy Studies, 3, 2, 221239.Google Scholar
Edwards, R. and Irwin, S. (2010), ‘Lived experience through economic downturn in Britain—perspectives across time and across the life-course’, Twenty-First Century Society, 5:2, 119124.Google Scholar
Elliott, I. (2016) Poverty and Mental Health: A review to inform the Joseph Rowntree Foundation's Anti-Poverty Strategy, London: Mental Health Foundation.Google Scholar
Ellis, C. (1991), ‘Sociological introspection and emotional experience’, Symbolic interaction, 14, 1, 2350.Google Scholar
Ellis, C. and Flaherty, M. G. (eds) (1992), Investigating subjectivity: research on lived experience, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Finch, L. P. (2004), ‘Understanding patients lived experiences: the interrelationship of rhetoric and hermeneutics’, Nursing Philosophy, 5, 251257.Google Scholar
Finlay, L. (2011), Phenomenology for therapists: researching the lived world, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Fisher, L. and Embree, L. (eds.) (2000), Feminist Phenomenology, Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Fletcher, D. R., Flint, J., Batty, E. and McNeill, J. (2016), ‘Gamers or victims of the system? welfare reform, cynical manipulation and vulnerability’, Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 24, 2, 171185.Google Scholar
Gains, F. (2011), ‘Elite ethnographies: potential, pitfalls and prospects for ‘getting up close and personal’, Public Administration, 89, 1, 156166.Google Scholar
Gallagher, S. and Zahavi, D. (2012), The phenomenological mind (second edition), London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Garthwaite, K. (2014), ‘Fear of the Brown Envelope: Exploring Welfare Reform with Long-Term Sickness Benefits Recipients’, Social Policy & Administration, 48, 7, 782798.Google Scholar
Garthwaite, K. (2015), ‘Becoming incapacitated?’ long-term sickness benefit recipients and the construction of stigma and identity narratives’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 37, 1, 113.Google Scholar
Garthwaite, K. (2016), Hunger pains: life inside foodbank Britain, Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. ([1973]2010), The interpretation of cultures, Fontana: London.Google Scholar
Hammersley, M. and Atkinson, P. (1995). Ethnography: Principles in Practice, 2nd edition. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hammersley, M. and Atkinson, P. (2007), Ethnography: principles and practice, 3rd edition, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Heidegger, M. ([1953]2010), Being and Time, Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Heinämaa, S. and Rodemeyer, L. (2010), ‘Introduction to Special Issue on Feminist Phenomenologies’, Continental Philosophy Review, 43, 1, 111.Google Scholar
Highmore, B. (2011), Ordinary lives: studies in the everyday, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hudson-Sharp, N., Portes, J., Barnes, H. and Rolfe, H. (2016), An evaluation of JRF's minimum income standards programme, London: National Institute of Economic and Social Research.Google Scholar
Irvine, G. (2016), Fairness commissions from Shetland to Southampton: the role of fairness commissions in the enabling state, Dunfermline: Carnegie UK Trust.Google Scholar
Kingfisher, C. P. (1996) Women in the American Welfare Trap, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Kruks, S. (2001), Retrieving experiences: subjectivity and recognition in feminist politics, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kruks, S. (2014), ‘Women's ‘lived experience’: feminism and phenomenology from Simone de Beauvoir to the present’, in Evans, M., Hemmings, C., Henry, M., Johnstone, H., Madhok, S., Plomien, A. and Wearing, S. (eds), The Sage handbook of feminist theory, London: Sage (7592).Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. (2018), ‘The welfare racket: conditionality and marketised activation in street-level welfare-to-work services’, Ph.D. Thesis, Glasgow: University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Levinas, E. ([1961]1999), Totality and infinity: an essay on exteriority, Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.Google Scholar
Lindseth, A. and Norberg, A. (2004), ‘A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience’, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18, 145153.Google Scholar
Mancias, P. T. (2006), A realist philosophy of social science; explanation and understanding, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mapp, T. (2008), ‘Understanding phenomenology: the lived experience’, British Journal of Midwifery, 16, 5, 308311.Google Scholar
McIntosh, I. (2003a), ‘Systems, Fiddling and Strangers: Young People on the ‘Welfare State’’, Social Policy and Society 2 (02):9199.Google Scholar
McIntosh, I. (2003b), ‘‘It Holds Society Together’: Exploring Young People's Understandings of Welfare’, Youth and Policy, 79:3145.Google Scholar
Merleau-Ponty, M. ([1945] 1962), Phenomenology of perception, trans. C. Smith, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Mills, C. W. (1940), ‘Situated actions and vocabularies of motive’, American Sociological Review, 5, 6, 904913.Google Scholar
Moran, D. (2000), Introduction to phenomenology, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Neale, B., Henwood, K. and Holland, J. (2012), ‘Researching lives through time: an introduction to the Timescapes approach’, Qualitative Research, 12 (1), 415.Google Scholar
Neale, B., Lau, C. L., Davies, L. and Ladlow, L. (2015), ‘Researching the lives of young fathers: the following young fathers’ study and dataset’, Briefing Paper no 8, University of Leeds. www.followingfathers.leeds.ac.ukGoogle Scholar
Neale, B. (2016), ‘Introduction: young fatherhood: lived experiences and policy challenges’, Social Policy & Society, 15, 1, 7583.Google Scholar
Neale, B. (2018), What is Qualitative Longitudinal Research?, London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Olkowski, D. and Weiss, G. (ed.) (2006), Feminist interpretations of Merleau-Ponty, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Pascal, J., Johnson, N., Dore, C. and Trainor, R. (2010), ‘The lived experience of doing phenomenology’, Qualitative Social Work, 10, 2, 172189.Google Scholar
Patrick, R. (2014), ‘Working on welfare: findings from a qualitative longitudinal study into the lived experiences of welfare reform in the UK’, Journal of Social Policy, 43, 4, 705725.Google Scholar
Patrick, R. (2016a), Wither social citizenship? Lived experiences of citizenship in/exclusion for Recipients of Out-of-Work Benefits. Social Policy and Society, 1–12.Google Scholar
Patrick, R. (2016b), ‘Rhetoric and reality: exploring lived experiences of welfare reform under the Coalition’, http://www.sociapolicy.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/06_patrick.pdfGoogle Scholar
Patrick, R. (2017), For Whose Benefit? The Everyday Realities of Welfare Reform, Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Paley, J. (2017), Phenomenology as qualitative research: a critical analysis of meaning attribution, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Prus, R. (1996), Symbolic interaction and ethnographic research: intersubjectivity and the study of human lived experience, Albany: SUNY.Google Scholar
Rhodes, R. A. W. (2011), Everyday life in British government, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rhodes, R. and Bevir, M. (eds.) (2015), Routledge handbook of interpretive political science, Abingdon, GB: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rhodes, R. A. W. and Fleming, J. (2018), ‘Can experience be evidence?: craft knowledge and evidence-based policing’. Policy & Politics [forthcoming].Google Scholar
Sartre, J. ([1943]2003), Being and Nothingness, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schutz, A. (1988), Collected Papers 1: The problem of social reality, Martinus Hijhoff: The Hague.Google Scholar
Scott, J. (1992), ‘Experience’, in Butler, J. and Scott, J. W. (eds), Feminists theorize the political, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Scottish Government (2017), ‘Social Security Experience Panels’ https://beta.gov.scot/publications/social-security-experience-panels-faqs/ (accessed 23.4.18)Google Scholar
Smith, D. E. (1987), The everyday world as problematic: a feminist sociology, Boston: Northeastern University Press.Google Scholar
Solnit, R. (2014), Men explain things to me and other essays, London: Granta.Google Scholar
Stack, C. B. (1997), ‘Beyond what are given as givens: ethnography and critical policy studies’, Ethos, 25, 2, 191207.Google Scholar
Stein, E. ([1932-33] 1996), Die Frau. Fragestellungen und reflexionen. Edith Stein gesamtausgabe 13, Amata Neyer, M. Freiburg: Herder, trans. F. M. Oben Essays on Woman. The collected works of Edith Stein II, Washington: ICS Publications.Google Scholar
Trigg, D. (2012), The memory of place: a phenomenology of the uncanny. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Trigg, D. (2017), Topophobia: a phenomenology of anxiety. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Turner, V. and Bruner, E. M. (eds.) (1986). The anthropology of experience, Illinois: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Van Manen, M. ([1990]2015), Researching lived experience, Second Edition, Left Coast Press: Walnut Creek.Google Scholar
Van Manen, M. (2014), Phenomenology of practice, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, A. (2010), Experience, evidence and sense: the hidden cultural legacy of English, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1961), The Long Revolution, London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Williams, R. ([1976] 1983), Keywords: a vocabulary of culture and society (revised edition), New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, S. (2003), Confronting Unemployment in a Street-Level Bureaucracy: Jobcentre staff and client perspectives, PhD Thesis, University of Stirling.Google Scholar
Wright, S. (2016), ‘Conceptualising the active welfare subject: welfare reform in discourse, policy and lived experience’, Policy and Politics, 44 (2), 235252.Google Scholar
Yanow, D. (2000), Conducting interpretive policy analysis, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Young, I. M. (2005), On female body experience: ‘throwing like a girl’ and other essays, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar