Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:39:37.694Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Co-Creation in an era of Welfare Conditionality – Lessons from Denmark

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

FLEMMING LARSEN
Affiliation:
Professor, Flemming Larsen, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 1, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark email: [email protected]
DORTE CASWELL
Affiliation:
Professor, Dorte Caswell, Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Frederikskaj 10B, 2450CopenhagenSV email: [email protected]

Abstract

Welfare conditionality, and the underlying understanding of unemployment because of lack of motivation, has been widely criticized. This article analyses if and how more co-created services can be a pathway to address some of these challenges. As Denmark currently is moving towards a softening of welfare conditionality for the vulnerable unemployed, and local authorities try to develop models ‘in between’ welfare conditionality and genuine user involvement, this constitute a good case for analysing this question. The analysis build on comprehensive ethnographic data from a four-year research- and innovation project in six Danish municipalities. The employment services in the project have tried to design new strategies involving clients in the development and implementation of services. Among other things, this includes developing integrated services, qualifying the meeting and the talk between front-line workers and clients, engaging the employer side and NGO’s outside the public services and promoting other measures to ensure real involvement of the citizens in the processes. The analysis lists some of the potentials and pitfalls in these innovative processes and reflects upon the feasibility of such new type of co-created services.

Type
Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, N. A., Caswell, D. and Larsen, F. (2017), A New approach to helping the hard-to-place unemployed: The promise of developing new knowledge in an interactive and collaborative process. European Journal of Social Security, 19, 4, 335352. DOI: 10.1177/1388262717745193 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brodkin, E. Z. (2011), Policy Work: Street-Level Organizations Under New Managerialism. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21, 253–27. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muq093 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brodkin, E. Z. (2013), Work and the Welfare State. In Brodkin, E.Z. and Marston, G. (Ed.), Work and the Welfare State: Street-Level Organizations and Workfare Politics. 316. Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Brodkin, E. (2017), Street-Level Organizations and US Workfare. In Van Berkel, R., Caswell, D., Kupka, P. and Larsen, F. (Eds.), Frontline Delivery of Welfare-to-Work Policies in Europe. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Caswell, D. (2019), Talking Policy into Being: How Street-level Bureaucrats and Vulnerable Unemployed Talk about Labour Market Participation. European Policy Analysis. (early view)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caswell, D. and Larsen, F. (2017), Frontline Work in the delivery of Danish Activation Policies: and How Governance, Organizational and Occupational Contexts Shape This. In Van Berkel, R., Caswell, D., Kupka, P. and Larsen, F. (Eds.), Frontline Delivery of Welfare-to-Work Policies in Europe. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Caswell, D., Larsen, J. A. and Sieling, S. M. (2015), Cash benefit recipients: - vulnerable or villains? In Bengtsson, T., Frederiksen, M. and Larsen, J.E. (Eds.), The Danish Welfare State: A Sociological Investigation. 217234. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1057/9781137527318_14 Google Scholar
Danneris, S. and Caswell, D. (2019), Exploring the Ingredients of Success: Studying Trajectories of the Vulnerable Unemployed who Have Entered Work or Education in Denmark. Social Policy and Society (early view).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubois, V. (2010), The Bureaucrat and the Poor. Encounters in French Welfare Offices. Ashgate Google Scholar
Flemig, S. S. and Osborne, S. (2019), The Dynamics of Co-Production in the Context of Social Care Personalisation: Testing Theory and Practice in a Scottish Context. Journal of Social Policy, 48, 4, 671697 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, D. R. and Wright, S. (2018), A hand up or a slap down? Criminalising benefit claimants in Britain via strategies of surveillance, sanctions and deterrence. Critical Social Policy, 38, 2, 323344. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261018317726622 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebauer, H., Johnson, M. and Enquist, B. (2010), “Value Co-Creation as a Determinant of Success in Public Transport Services: A Study of the Swiss Federal Railway Operator (SBB), Managing Service Quality 20 (6): 511530. doi: 10.1108/09604521011092866.Google Scholar
Knotz, C. (2019), Why countries ‘get tough on the work-shy’: The role of adverse economic conditions. Journal of Social Policy, 48, 3, 615634 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, F. (2013), Active Labour Market Reform in Denmark: The Role of Governance in Policy. In Brodkin, E.Z and Marston, G. (eds.), Work and the welfare state – Street-level organizations and workfare politics. 103124. Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing and Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Larsen, F. and Van Berkel, R. (2009), Introduction. In Larsen, F. and Van Berkel, R. (Eds.), The New Governance and Implementation of Labour Market Policies (s. 717), Djoef Publishing.Google Scholar
Lipsky, M. (2010/1980), Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public service, Russels Sage FoundationGoogle Scholar
Lister, R. (2004), Poverty. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
May, P. and Winter, S. (2009), Politicians, Managers, and Street-Level Bureaucrats: Influences on Policy Implementation, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19, 3, 453476, https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum030 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mead, L. (1992), The New Politics of Poverty. New York: Basic Books Google Scholar
Molander, A. and Torsvik, G. (2015), Getting People into Work: What (if Anything) Can Justify Mandatory Activation of Welfare Recipients? Journal of Applied Philosophy, 32, 4, 373392. DOI: 10.1111/japp.12132 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monrad, M. (2019), Self-reflexivity as a form of client participation: Clients as citizens, consumers, partners or self-entrepreneurs? Journal of Social Policy, (early view), https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279419000655 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, C. (1984), Losing Ground. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Murray, C. (1990), The Emerging British Underclass. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.Google Scholar
Osborne, S. P. (2006), The New Public Governance? Public Management Review, 8, 3, 377387. DOI: 10.1080/14719030600853022 Google Scholar
Osborne, S. P. (2018) From public service-dominant logic to public service logic: are public service organizations capable of co-production and value co-creation? Public Management Review, 20:2, 225231, DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2017.1350461 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosholm, M., Sørensen, K. L. and Skipper, L. (2017) Sagsbehandlerens betydning for udsatte borgeres jobchancer, Beskæftigelses indikator projektet, Væksthusets Forskningscenter, http://vaeksthusets-forskningscenter.dk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Rapport_BIP_Sagsbehandlerens-betydning.pdf [accessed 07.04.2020].Google Scholar
Torfing, J. and Triantafillou, P. (2013), What’s in a Name? Grasping New Public Governance as a Political-Administrative System. International Review of Public Administration, 18, 2, 925. DOI: 10.1080/12294659.2013.10805250 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Berkel, R. and Borghi, V. (2007), New Modes of Governance in Activation Policies. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 27. 10.1108/01443330710773854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Berkel, R. and Van der Aa, P. (2014), New welfare, new policies: Towards preventive worker-directed active labour-market policies. Journal of Social Policy, Volume 44, Issue 3, Pages 425442 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Berkel, R. (2013), Triple activation: introducing welfare to work into Dutch Social Assistance In Brodkin, E. Z. and Marston, G. (eds.), Work and the welfare state – Street-level organizationsand workfare politics. (103124), Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing and Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Van Berkel, R., Caswell, D., Kupka, P. and Larsen, F. (2017), The Frontline Delivery of Welfare-to-Work in Context. In Van Berkel, R., Caswell, D., Kupka, P. and Larsen, F. (Eds.), Frontline Delivery of Welfare-to-Work Policies in Europe. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wacquant, L. (2014), Class, race and hyper-incarceration in revanchist America. Socialism and Democracy, 28, 3, 3556. DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2014.954926 Google Scholar
Welfare Conditionality, Project (2018), Welfare Conditionality Project, Final Findings Report, http://www.welfareconditionality.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/40475_Welfare-Conditionality_Report_complete-v3.pdf (retrieved October 2020)Google Scholar
Wright, S. (2016), Conceptualising the active welfare subject: welfare reform in discourse, policy and lived experience. Policy & Politics, 44, 2, 235252. DOI: 10.1332/030557314X13904856745154 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zacka, B. (2017), When the State Meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard.CrossRefGoogle Scholar