A Population-Based Evaluation of the Intention to Quit Smoking, Cervical Cancer Screening Behaviour, and Multiple Health Behaviours Among Female Canadian Smokers

Abstract

Introduction:Proschaska's transtheoretical model (TTM) of behaviour change suggests that a population of smokers varies along many dimensions, including readiness to quit and the presence of other risk factors. This study examines whether smokers contemplating quitting are more likely to be contemplating another change (e.g., Pap testing and physical activity). Methods:The study used self-reported cross-sectional data (n= 2,873) from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 4.1 2007/2008. The association between the smoking stage of change (SOC) and Pap testing behaviour was assessed. Control variables included sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics (e.g. doctor visits and number of cigarettes smoked). The distribution of health behaviours (e.g., dietary changes and exercise) by smoking SOC among women with recent Pap tests was also examined. Results:Female smokers contemplating or preparing to quit smoking had higher odds of having a recent Pap test, OR = 1.40, 95% CI (1.19, 1.65), and OR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.47, 2.25) respectively, compared to smokers who had no intention of quitting. This association remained statistically significant after adjusting for confounders, AOR = 1.28, 95% CI (1.08, 1.52), and AOR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.31, 2.04) respectively. Fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and recent dental visit were associated with advanced smoking SOC among women with recent Pap tests (P< .05). Conclusions:Advanced smoking SOC was associated with the increased likelihood of having a recent Pap test and engaging in other healthy behaviours. These findings show that targeting several health behaviours simultaneously may be an effective health promotion strategy.