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A Silver Find from South-West Asia Minor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2012

P. Jacobsthal  and
A. H. M. Jones
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Extract

The objects published here with the kind permission of Dr. Jacob Hirsch are said to have been found at ‘Seki Bazar between Makli and Elmali’: the place is probably to be identified with the village Sekia, shown on the map in O. Benndorf and G. Niemann, Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien i, four miles north of the site of Oinoanda. Sekia lies about half-way along the road between Makri (Makli is unknown and is probably a mispronunciation of Makri) and Elmali. The internal evidence of the inscriptions confirms that the find must come from somewhere in SW Asia Minor. The find consists of two inscribed plaques with busts and fragments of a wreath. We first describe the objects, then comment on the inscriptions, and finally discuss the problems which arise from a study of them.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Roman Studies , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , 1940 , pp. 16 - 31
Copyright
Copyright © P. Jacobsthal and A. H. M. Jones 1940. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

1 I saw these treasures first in 1930 at Geneva: Dr. Jacob Hirsch very kindly sent the originals to Marburg, where I could study and photograph them with the assistance of Dr. E. Neuffer, and later again to Oxford. I formed an idea of their nature and importance and read the inscriptions with the exception of C and D, but I soon realized that for the solution of the problem of the era and for other questions concerning the history of SW Asia Minor in Roman times I must depend on collaboration with experts. I found them in Oxford: Professor J. G. C. Anderson and Dr. W. H. Buckler helped me, and then Mr. A. H. M. Jones, who has made a special study of this region, was kind enough to write the paper with me. For advice and suggestions we are indebted to Professor R. Delbrueck, Professor G. Klaffenbach, Dr. B. D. Meritt, Dr. A. Raubitschek, Professor Louis Robert, and Professor R. Zahn; for squeezes and observations to Dr. J. Hirsch, to Miss Christine Alexander, and Miss Gisela M. A. Richter. Professor J. D. Beazley has read and improved the manuscript. P.J.

2 Winnefeld, H. ‘Hellenistische Silberreliefs im Antiquarium des königl. Museen’ Winckelmannsprogramm d. arch. Gesellschaft zu Berlin, 68, 1908Google Scholar, pl. 1.

3 Matz, F., ‘Die Lauersforter Phalerae’ Winckelmannsprogramm 92, 1932Google Scholar.

4 Bolten, , Die Imago clipeata (Studien zur Gesch. und Kultur des Altertums xxi, 1937, 1Google Scholar); Deubner, O., Mitt. des Deutschen Arch. Inst. 62, 1937, 79Google Scholar.

5 Lippold, G., Die Skulpturen des Vatikanischen Museums iii, 1, 110Google Scholar. The head from Pompeii in Naples: G. Ruesch, Guida 296; Brunn-Bruckmann 574. Copenhagen: F. Poulsen, Ny-Carlsberg Glyptotek, Antike Skulpturer no. 520, Billedtavler xxxix. Statue in the Vatican: Amelung, W., Skulpturen des Vatikanischen Museums ii, no. 326, pl. 73Google Scholar. Bronze statuette from Hungary in the British Museum, no. 909: O. Rayet, Monuments de l'art antique pl. 43.

6 Altertümer von Pergamon iii, 2, text, p. 43, fig. 6.

7 Arch. Anzeiger 46, 1931, 183Google Scholar f. (fig. 9), 194.

8 Altertümer von Pergamon v, 2, pl. 24, text p. 48.

9 Bieńkowski, , Rev. arch. 1895, ii, 293Google Scholar.

10 Die Antike 12, 1936, 279Google Scholar, fig. 6.

11 Furtwängler, Die antiken Gemmen pl. 32, 16: Ptolemaios Philadelphos (see Pfuhl, , Jahrbuch d. Arch. Inst. 45, 1930, 32Google Scholar); pl. 61, 57 (Lippold, Gemmen und Kameen pl. 74, 8): Parthian king of the second century B.C. (Lippold wrongly: Shapur I); and numerous gems of late Hellenistic and early Imperial date: pl. 38, 34, 36, 38; pl. 40, 13. 14; pl. 49, 31 (Lippold pl. 17, 5); pl. 51, 16 (Lippold pl. 20, 2). On the coins of the Ptolemies, Seleucids, kings of Bactria from the second century B.C. onwards, a type of shoulderbust appears which foreshadows the later shape of bust with arm-stumps; see Svoronos, Τά νομίσματα τοῦ κράτους τῶν Πτολεμαίων iii, pl. 28, 30, 36, 37 for Egypt, Cat. Naville x, pl. 45, 47 for Syria, and British Museum Cat. of Indian Coins. Greek and Scythian kings pl. 2, 4, 5 for Bactria, etc. The problem deserves study.

12 On the part it plays in Greek and Roman decoration see Studniczka, Tropaeum Trajani 75 ff.

13 Marshall, Catalogue of Jewellery, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the British Museum nos. 2736, 2736*, 2737, pl. lx.

14 Representations of natural laurel-trees and twigs: sides of the Caffarelli sarcophagus, Winckelmannsprogramm 83, 1925, pl. 3Google Scholar. Silver cup from Hildesheim, Pernice, Der Hildesheimer Silberfund, pl. 9. Silver cup from Boscoreale, Monuments de la Fondation Piot 5, pl. 17. All three are Augustan. Stylized laurel wreaths: two sarcophagi, Winckelmannsprogramm 83, 1925Google Scholar, figs. 8 and 10 (Augustan). Sepulchral altars: Altmann, Römische Grabaltäre figs. 39 and 62 (Claudian). Later Roman examples are the bronze diadem in Berlin, our fig. 2; the wreath of the Archigallus in the Conservatori (see p. 21); that of the priest from Ephesus, , Oest. Jahreshefte 2, 1899Google Scholar, pl. 8, figs. 131, 132, and others. On the laurel staff or wreath in pre-Roman times see A. Rumpf, Gnomon 1939, 151; G. Matthies, Die Pränestinischen Spiegel 118. Interesting examples of flat-stylized laurel in embroidery on the garments at Nemrud-Dagh; Humann und Puchstein, Reisen in Kleinasien und Nordsyrien pl. 35, 36, 39.

15 Steiner, P., ‘Dona militaria,’ Bonner Jahrbücher 114, 1905Google Scholar; Matz, F., ‘Die Lauersforter Phalerae,’ Winckelmannsprogramm 92, 1932Google Scholar.

16 Stuart Jones, Catalogue of Sculptures pl. 100, p. 254; Cook, A. B., Zeus ii, fig. 193Google Scholar; Historia vi, 1932, 229Google Scholar, fig. 6 (Calza).

17 BSRP ix, 1920, 205Google Scholar ff., pl. 26; drawing in Daremberg et Saglio, Dictionnaire des Antiquités, s.v. ‘corona’, fig. 1986, text p. 1523, note 57; for the inscription see CIL vi, 2233.

18 Arch. Anzeiger 7, 1892, IIIGoogle Scholar; Blinkenberg, Archäologische Studien, 109, fig. 42.

19 Not included in Deubner's list in Roscher, , Lexikon d. griech und röm. Mythologie iii, 2127Google Scholar; P-W, s.v. ‘Arete’.

20 Helbig-Amelung, no. 216; Amelung, Skulpturen des Vatikans no. 275; Arndt-Bruckmann, pl. 105, 106; Hekler, Antike Porträts pl. 1246; Hill, , Oest. Jahreshefte 2, 1899, 246Google Scholar.

21 Whence Blinkenberg, Archaeologische Studien 113, fig. 43; Cook, A. B., Zeus ii, fig. 192Google Scholar; Reinach, , Répertoire de la statuaire ii, 506Google Scholar, 6; Keil, J., Oest. Jahreshefte 18, 1915, 75Google Scholar; Calza, G., Historia vi, 1932, 227Google Scholar, fig. 5.

22 Blinkenberg, l.c., p. 112.

23 de Ridder, , Collection de Clercq iii, pl. 35, no. 218Google Scholar; Cook, A. B., Zeus ii, 574Google Scholar; H. Thiersch, Ependytes and Ephod (Geisteswissenschaftliche Forsch. 8), pl. 17, p. 78.

24 Humann und Puchstein, l.c. pl. 39, and Thiersch, l.c. pl. 36, 4 and 42, 1.

25 The text given here relies on readings by P. J. and Dr. Buckler, checked by Dr. Meritt and Dr. Raubitschek.

26 Dr. Buckler thought he could see τὰ ἀγάλμα | τα χρυσ[ᾶ] | [ ̇] ο̣ν̣, but Dr. Meritt was unable to confirm this reading from the original: this being so, it is safer to eliminate it from discussion.

27 See Zahn, Robert, in Amtliche Berichte aus den königlichen Museen, Berlin 38, 1916–1917, 290Google Scholar.

28 Wilcken, Grundzüge p. xiv.

29 JRS xviii, 1928, 151Google Scholar; xx, 1930, 43.

30 E.g. IGR iii, 280, 324, 418–19; Sterrett, Wolfe Expedition no. 240; Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia 308, nos. 120–1; A. H. M. Jones, Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces 480, n. 40.

31 See Jones, op. cit. 396, n. 76.

32 Otherwise χειροπόνια is unknown in this sense; Hesychius gives χειροπόνια. ἑορτὴ ἐν ᾖ τεχνῖται θύουσιν.

33 JHS 57, 1937, 4, 1. 45Google Scholar.

34 E.g. Demitzas, Ή Μακεδνία, no. 258; JGR iv, 45, 259; Ephesos ii, 27, 11. 426–8, 444–6.

35 SEG ii, 672, 681; IGR iii, 424; Petersen, and Luschan, , Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien ii, 223Google Scholar.

36 Gilded wooden Palladia in fifth-century Athens: Aristophanes, Acharn. 547, with schol. Rav. and schol. Il. 6, 311; Roscher, , Lexikon iii, 3426Google Scholar. On gilded wood sculpture in Hellenistic times see Alexander, C., Bull. Metropolitan Museum 34, 1939, 274Google Scholar. The gilded wood statuette of Alexander in the Louvre is now figured in Mitt. d. Arch. Inst. 63–4, 1938–9, pl. 5; Gebauer (p. 38) incorrectly takes gilding here for an Egyptian feature.

37 Heberdey's treatment of the ἐχρύσωσεν inscriptions is not complete; his thesis that they refer to the gilding of horns of sacrificial animals seems unconvincing.

38 Robert, Études Anatoliennes 486.

39 BMC Lycia, etc., 205.

40 Ibid. 239.

41 IGR iii, 383.

42 SEG ii, 727.

43 IGR iii, 700.

44 Ibid. 780.

45 See Jones, , op. cit. 64, 105–7Google Scholar, and the relevant notes.

46 See Imhoof-Blumer, Kleinasiatische Münzen 253; his alternative suggestion of 133 B.C. is inacceptable, since the status of Cibyra was unaffected by the dissolution of the Attalid kingdom.

47 JGR iv, 897.

48 Ramsay, op. cit. 269–270, no. 91–2.

49 Ibid. 307, no. III.

50 See Jones, op. cit. 75–6.

51 IGR iv, 889; Ramsay, op. cit. 304, no. 99.

52 IGR iv, 897.

53 Ramsay, op. cit. 273, no. 193.

54 L.c. 308–9, nos. 120–1.

55 SEG viii, 293, 299.

56 Rev. Bibl. 1904, 266–270.

57 IGR iii, 489.

58 IGR iii, 486.

59 Ibid. iv, 902.

60 Elmer, G., Verzeichniss der römische Reichsprägungen von Augustus bis Anastasius, Wien 1933, 25Google Scholar.

61 Zahn, R., Amtliche Berichte aus den königlichen Kunstsammlungen 38, 1916–1917, 290Google Scholar.