Roman Britain in 1963

D. R. Wilson; R. P. Wright

doi:10.2307/298662

^{page 152 note 1} Fieldwork by Mr. J. Rigg of the Ordnance Survey, Liverpool Daily Post, 3rd July, 1963 with map; excavations directed by Mr. E. Wynne Williams of Ysgol Dinorben, Abergele, who sent information.

^{page 152 note 2} By Mr. W. G. Putnam; full report of (a) in Montgom. Coll. LVII, pt. 2; summary report of (b) in ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1963’, 13.

^{page 152 note 3} Summary report by Messrs. L. Alcock and R. G. Livens, who excavated on behalf of the Board of Celtic Studies and of the Caernarvonshire Hist. Soc, ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1963’, 15.

^{page 152 note 4} Excavated by Messrs. A. H. A. Hogg and R. G. Livens; information from Mr. Livens.

^{page 152 note 5} RCAM (Wales), Caernarvonshire Inventory II (1960), 31bGoogle Scholar, with plan (fig. 33). Excavations from 1960 to 1962 were directed by Mr. J. E. Jones; summary report, ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1963,’ 10.

^{page 152 note 6} RCAM (Wales), Carmarthenshire Inventory (1917), 186, 189Google Scholar; Trans. Carms. Ant. Soc. and Field Club XXI (1927–9), 18.

^{page 152 note 7} Excavation, before quarrying, by Dr. G. J. Wainwright on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works; summary report, ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1963’, 5.

^{page 152 note 8} Excavations directed by Mr. M. S. Hussey; summary report, ibid. 8. Material from unpublished excavations of 1912 and 1922 is in the Departments of Archaeology and Zoology of the National Museum of Wales.

^{page 152 note 9} Nash-Williams, V. E., The Roman Frontier in Wales (1954), 76.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 10} Information from Dr. M. G. Jarrett, who directed excavation for the Board of Celtic Studies. See also DrSimpson, Grace, Arch. Camb., 1963, 51 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 11} Information from Mr. J. M. Lewis, who directed excavation for the Ministry of Public Building and Works. A report will appear in Arch. Camb.

^{page 152 note 12} O.S. 25″ Monmouthshire XXIX.9.

^{page 153 note 13} Well-known as roofing material on Roman sites in Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire, e.g. at Cwmbrwyn, (Arch. Camb. 1907, 188–9, 211)Google Scholar and at Castle Flemish (ibid. 1923, 216), but not previously at Caerleon; nor is the present material shaped into roof-slates, but is simple ballast.

^{page 153 note 14} Information from Mr. G. C. Boon, whose excavations on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works and the National Museum of Wales complete the series of rescue-excavations under taken since 1954 SW. of the fortress; the results will be published by Mr. Boon in a monograph of the National Museum of Wales. Note also a report by DrHelbaek, H. (New Phytologist LXIII, no. 11, 1964, 158–64)CrossRef Google Scholar on burnt grain found in 1958, which appears to have been (a) imported and (b) intended for brewing beer. For four tile-stamps see below, p. 182, no. 23, and for two graffiti, p. 183, no. 34, and p. 184, no. 39.

^{page 153 note 15} Cut on behalf of the Abertay Hist. Soc. by Messrs. G. W. A. Mechan and J. Wilson; summary report, Discovery and Excavation, Scotland, 1963 (1964), 3.

^{page 153 note 16} Crawford, O. G. S., Topography of Roman Scotland (1949), 91 f.Google Scholar; Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 223.Google Scholar

^{page 153 note 17} Discovery and Excavation, Scotland 1961 (1962), 40; JRS LII, 162.

^{page 153 note 18} Although the easternmost had originally been reported correctly as a bank: Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. XXXVI (1901–2), 212. See also ibid. 214 ff. for the bath-house.

^{page 153 note 19} Information from Prof. I. A. Richmond, who directed excavations with Dr. J. K. S. St. Joseph.

^{page 153 note 20} All these traces of the Antonine Wall were recorded by the Hunterian Museum; summary report by Miss A. S. Robertson, D. and E., Scotland 1963, 29.

^{page 153 note 21} By Dr. W. Lonie and Mr. F. Newall; information from Mr. Newall.

^{page 155 note 22} Summary report by Mr. T. A. Hendry, D. and E., Scotland 1963, 22; a detailed report will appear in the Collections of the Ayrshire Arch, and Nat. Hist. Soc.

^{page 155 note 23} Information from Dr. St. Joseph, who excavated.

^{page 155 note 24} Summary report by Mr. G. S. Maxwell, D. and E., Scotland 1963, 38.

^{page 155 note 25} Miller, S. N. (ed.), The R. Occupation of SW. Scotland (1952), pl. XXXIVGoogle Scholar; JRS XLI, 57; XLVIII, pl. XI, 2.

^{page 155 note 26} Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. LXXII (1937–8), 296, fig. 13.

^{page 155 note 27} Excavation by the Scottish Field School of Archaeology directed by Miss A. S. Robertson, who sent details and a photograph. For an altar fragment see below, p. 178, no. 6.

^{page 155 note 28} Information from Mr. R. Hogg, who directed excavations by permission of Cumberland County Council; report forthcoming in Trans. Cumb. and West. A. A. S.² LXV (1965). These kilns are marked on the O.S. Map of Hadrian's Wall (1964).

^{page 155 note 29} Report by MrJobey, G., Arch. Ael. ⁴ XLI (1963), 19 ff.Google Scholar See also DrJoseph, J. K. S. St., JRS XLVIII, 87Google Scholar (Preston).

^{page 156 note 30} RCHM (England), Westmorland Inventory (1936), 3a.Google Scholar Excavation directed by Miss M. E. Burkett; information from Miss D. Charlesworth.

^{page 156 note 31} Excavation by Mr. M. Todd, who sent details.

^{page 156 note 32} Excavation of (ii) was directed by Mr. J. Eames; the remainder were excavated by Mr. D. F. Petch of the Grosvenor Museum, who sent details.

^{page 156 note 33} From this thickening came the fragments of a tombstone of ‘banquet’ type.

^{page 156 note 34} Chester Arch. J. (n.s.) XXXIV (1939–40), 8 ff.

^{page 156 note 35} Chester Arch. J. (o.s.) III (1863–85), 1 ff.; ibid. (n.s.) XXVII (1926–7), 114, 126.

^{page 157 note 36} RCHM (England), City of York I: Eburacum (1962), 3bGoogle Scholar, Road 10. Twenty sherds of ‘Romano-Saxon’ pottery were also found.

^{page 157 note 37} ibid. 2b, Road 6/7. Information sent by the excavator, Mr. L. P. Wenham.

^{page 157 note 38} Petch, J. A., Trans. Lanes, and Chesh. A. S. LXXI (1961), 163 ff.Google Scholar with diagram. For the earlier excavations see First and Second Interim Reports by F. A. Bruton (1908, 1911).

^{page 157 note 39} Information from Mr. F. H. Thompson, who directed excavation for Manchester University.

^{page 157 note 40} The coins were adjudged Treasure Trove and were acquired by Doncaster Museum. A detailed account of the hoard will appear in Num. Chron. 1964; information from Dr. R. A. G. Carson of the British Museum.

^{page 157 note 41} Clark, M. Kitson, A Gazetteer of R. Remains in E. Yorkshire (1935), 113 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 157 note 42} The coins were adjudged Treasure Trove and were acquired by Roman Malton Museum. A detailed account will appear in Num. Chron. 1964; information from Dr. Carson.

^{page 159 note 43} Yorks. Arch. J. XXXI (1932–4), 366 ff. with plan.

^{page 159 note 44} Information and plan from Mr. I. M. Stead, who directed excavations for the Ministry of Public Building and works.

^{page 159 note 45} JRS LIII, 131; Derbs. Arch. J. LXXXII (1962), 21 ff.

^{page 159 note 46} Excavation was carried out by Messrs. S. O. Kay and R. G. Hughes; information from Mr. Hughes.

^{page 159 note 47} Excavation for the Ministry of Public Building and Works was directed by Mr. Stead, who sent the plan and details.

^{page 159 note 48} By Mr. R. H. Arrand. Mr. Stead excavated and sent information.

^{page 159 note 49} On behalf of the Lincoln Archaeological Research Committee by Mr. J. B. Whitwell, who sent the photograph and details.

^{page 159 note 50} JRS XXXVI, 140; Ant. J. XXVII (1947), 61 ff.

^{page 159 note 51} Information from Mr. Whitwell.

^{page 159 note 52} On behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works, by Mrs. W. T. Jones, who sent details.

^{page 159 note 53} Arch. J. CXII (1955), 37, fig. 6.

^{page 159 note 54} Excavated for Nottingham University by Messrs. M. W. Barley, J. May and D. R. Wilson.

^{page 159 note 55} JRS XLIII, 91; XLVIII, 98, pl. XV, I; Arch. J. CXV (1958), pl. IX A.

^{page 159 note 56} On behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works by Mr. J. S. Wacher, who sent information, plan and photograph.

^{page 162 note 57} Nottingham Guardian-Journal, 17th February, 1964.

^{page 162 note 58} K. M. Kenyon, Excavations at the Jewry Wall Site, Leicester (1948).

^{page 162 note 59} Arch. J. LXXV (1918), 36, no. 10 (g); JRS XXIII, 198; LII, 172.

^{page 162 note 60} Information from Mr. M. G. Hebditch of Leicester Museums, who directed excavations.

^{page 164 note 61} JRS XLVII, 214; XLVIII, 138; XLIX, 118; Arch. Newsletter VI (1955–60), 223–9, 252–8, 276–81. For a town-plan see Proc. Cambridge A. S. LIV (1961), 68, fig. I.

^{page 164 note 62} Information from the excavator, Mr. H. J. M. Green.

^{page 164 note 63} By the Archaeological Field Section of the Peterborough Museum Soc.; information from Mr. G. F. Dakin.

^{page 164 note 64} Artis, E. T., The Durobrivae of Antoninus (1828), pl. 1, no. 8.Google Scholar

^{page 164 note 65} Information from Dr. G. Webster, who directed excavations for the Water Newton Excavation Committee.

^{page 164 note 66} Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain I (1955), 187.Google Scholar

^{page 164 note 67} Fieldwork by Mr. D. Jackson; excavation by Mr. D. E. Johnston, who sent details.

^{page 164 note 68} Viet. Co. Hist. Northants. I (1902), 193, no. 9.

^{page 164 note 69} Information from Miss Christine Mahany, who excavated for the Ministry of Public Building and Works.

^{page 164 note 70} The coins, now with the jar in Northampton Museum, will in due course be examined at the British Museum; information from Mr. W. N. Terry.

^{page 164 note 71} By the Birmingham Arch. Soc. directed by Mr. N. Thomas for the Ministry of Public Building and Works: ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 6 (1964), 3.

^{page 164 note 72} Trans. Birmingham A. S. LXXIV for 1956 (1958), 31. fig. 1.

^{page 165 note 73} For three periods of military defences see ibid. LXXIX for 1960–1 (1964), 11–23, and cf. JRS LII, 170. Excavation by the Lichfield Arch, and Hist. Soc.; ‘W. Midland Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 6 (1964), 6.

^{page 165 note 74} Excavation by the Wroxeter Training School directed by Dr. G. Webster, who sent information and both plans. For a bone counter see below, p. 179, no. 9, and for a graffito, p. 184, no. 36.

^{page 165 note 75} Observed by Dr. A. W. J. Houghton.

^{page 165 note 76} By the British Sub Aqua Club; information from Dr. Houghton.

^{page 165 note 77} Information and plan from Mr. G. D. B. Jones.

^{page 165 note 78} By the Archenfield Archaeological Group; information and photographs were sent by Mr. N. P. Bridgewater.

^{page 165 note 79} G. H. Jack, Excavations on the site of Ariconium (1923).

^{page 166 note 80} Excavation by Mr. N. Thomas of Birmingham City Museum; summary report, ‘W. Midlands Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 6 (1964), 4.

^{page 166 note 81} Excavation by Dr. A. R. Hands, who sent the plan and details, and Mr. C. Brodribb.

^{page 166 note 82} cf. Arch. J. CXIX for 1962 (1964), 116, fig. 2.

^{page 166 note 83} Information and drawings from Professor S.S. Frere, who directed excavations for the Dorchester Excavation Committee; report forthcoming in Arch. J.

^{page 166 note 84} cf. Antiquity XV (1941), pl. II. Excavation directed by Mr. A. D. McWhirr: Daily Telegraph, 19th April, 1963.

^{page 166 note 85} Excavation by the Watford and SW. Herts. Arch. Soc. was directed by Mr. B. F. Rawlins: W. Herts. and Watford Observer, 2nd August, 1963.

^{page 167 note 86} Information from Mr. T. Potter, who directed excavation by the March Grammar School Archaeological Soc.

^{page 168 note 87} Information from the excavator, Dr. J. Alexander; see also Arch. Nevis-Letter.

^{page 168 note 88} One of these had incised decoration similar to that in the hoard from Andover, Hants.: Viet. Co. Hist. Hants, I (1900), 301, fig. 15; British Museum, Guide to the Antiquities of Roman Britain ³ (1964), 43Google Scholar, fig. 19, no. 53. The hoard is now in Norwich Castle Museum. Information from Miss Barbara Green.

^{page 168 note 89} Information from Miss Green.

^{page 168 note 90} Information from Mr. N. Smedley of Ipswich Museum.

^{page 168 note 91} Excavation directed by Mr. P. R. V. Marsden of Guildhall Museum.

^{page 168 note 92} Information from Mr. R. Merrifield of Guildhall Museum, who sent plans and photographs.

^{page 169 note 93} For Mr. St. Clair Baddeley's excavation in 1922 see Trans. Bristol and Glos. A.S. XLIV (1922), 101 ff.

^{page 169 note 94} JRS LI, 186; Antiq. J. XLI (1962), 68. Contrast the 1962 Watermoor section, where the wall is only 4 ft. thick: JRS LIII, 143; Antiq. J. XLIII (1963), 22 f. For timber towers in a civilian earthwork defence, cf. the Westgate site at Lincoln (JRS XXXIX, 64 ff.), where the tower is now assigned by Mr. Petch to the colonial period.

^{page 170 note 95} For the foundation of a possible temple imposed on an earlier Forum colonnade at Caerwent see Bull. Bd. Celtic Stud, xv (1952–4), 159 ff.; and for the division of a Forum courtyard into two parts at Wroxeter see Atkinson, D., Excavations at Wroxeter 1923–7 (1942), 83 ffGoogle Scholar. and pl. 73.

^{page 171 note 96} Information from Mr. J. S. Wacher, who directed excavations for the Cirencester Excavation Committee; interim report, Antiq. J. XLIV (1964), 9 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 171 note 97} Information from the excavator, Dr. G. Webster.

^{page 171 note 98} The date of construction should be c. A.D. 270, not 170 as in JRS LIII, 143.

^{page 171 note 99} Information from the excavator, Captain H. S. Gracie, R.N. (retired). For a tile-stamp see below, p. 183, no. 27.

^{page 171 note 100} cf. Vict. Co. Hist. Somerset I (1906), 227–8. Information from the excavator, Mr. B. H. Cunliffe.

^{page 171 note 101} By the N. Som. Arch. Research Group directed by Mr. G. Usher, who sent details.

^{page 171 note 102} Information from Lady (Aileen) Fox, who directed excavations with Dr. W. Ravenhill.

^{page 171 note 103} Dorset N. H. and Ant. F. C. I (1880), 41; RCHM (England), Dorset Inventory I (1952), 249a.Google Scholar

^{page 171 note 104} Preliminary report on excavation since 1961 by the Sherborne School Arch. Soc. directed by MrLeach, J., Journal of the Sherborne Hist. Soc. I (1964), 8 ff.Google Scholar with plan.

^{page 172 note 105} Information from Mrs. G. M. Aitken, who directed excavations for the Dorset N.H. and Arch. Soc.

^{page 172 note 106} Parallels can be adduced from both military and religious contexts, and full publication must await the results of excavation. Photographs and information were sent by Messrs. R. A. H. Farrar and R. N. R. Peers.

^{page 172 note 107} Information from Mr. F. K. Annable, who directed excavations with Mr. A. J. Clark.

^{page 172 note 108} Information from the excavator, Mr. W. H. Manning.

^{page 172 note 109} cf. Antiq. J. XXIII (1943), 150, fig. 1 (Atworth, Wilts.). Excavation by St. Bartholemew's Grammar School, Newbury, directed by Mr. D. B. Connah: ‘Berks. Field Research Group Bulletin’ no. 2 (1963), 7.

^{page 174 note 110} The original discovery was reported to Roach Smith by Shaw of Andover in a letter dated 26th July, 1872 (in the Fisher Collection, Exeter Museum). Three mosaic floors were later removed to Fullerton Manor.

^{page 174 note 111} Information from Mr. D. B. Whitehouse, who excavated for the Ministry of Public Building and Works.

^{page 174 note 112} Information and plan from Mr. M. Biddle, who directed excavations for the Winchester Excavation Committee.

^{page 174 note 113} Report of excavations by MrCunliffe, B. H., Antiq. J. XLIII (1963), 218 ff.CrossRef Google Scholar

^{page 175 note 114} Excavation by the Alice Holt Research Group directed by Mr. and Mrs. R. Thomas; information from Miss Dorothy Bushell of the Curtis Museum, Alton.

^{page 175 note 115} Information from Mr. Cunliffe, who directed excavations for the Chichester Civic Society; preliminary reports in Antiq. J. XLIV (1964), 1 ff., and Chichester Papers no. 43.

^{page 177 note 116} The Forum is not now thought to extend east wards across North Street, as shown in this plan.

^{page 177 note 117} Excavation and observation for the Chichester Civic Society directed by Mr. J. Holmes, who sent details.

^{page 177 note 118} Excavation directed by Mr. A. Down for the Chichester Excavations Committee; information from Miss J. Cook and Mr. J. Holmes.

^{page 177 note 119} Straker, E., Wealden Iron (1931), 27, 257 (‘Orznash’).Google Scholar

^{page 177 note 120} Information from Mr. J. H. Money, who excavated.

^{page 177 note 121} Information from the excavator, Mr. H. F. Cleere of the Iron and Steel Institute.

^{page 177 note 122} Information from Mr. A. P. Detsicas, who directed excavations for the Lower Medway Research Group. For graffiti see below, p. 184, no. 37, and p. 185, no. 47.

^{page 177 note 123} Excavation by Mr. B. J. Philp: Daily Telegraph, 9th November, 1963.

^{page 177 note 1} When measurements are quoted the width precedes the height.

^{page 177 note 2} Reece, R., Bristol and Glos. Arch. Soc. Trans. LXXXI (1962), 53Google Scholar, fig. 1. Mr. J. Real sent details and a squeeze.

^{page 177 note 3} Dr. G. Webster sent details; drawn by the present writer. Not recorded in the Soc. Ant. Research Reports, Wroxeter i-iii. For similar figures found on the back of marble veneers at Richborough with additional figures at right-angles see JRS xvi (1926), 243; Bushe-Fox, , Soc. Ant. Research Report Richborough iii, 20Google Scholar, pl. VII, 2.

^{page 178 note 4} Cat. (1891), p. 12. H. G. Ramm, RCHM York I, 131, no. III.

^{page 178 note 5} Found in conservation carried out by the Ministry of Public Building and Works, and stored by the same authority. Details provided by Mr. C. Anderson and Mr. J. P. Gillam; drawn by the present writer. The century of Socellius of the third cohort is recorded on two stones (i) EE ix 1190 from sector 42–420, and (ii) EE VII 1070 from turret 44b or 45a with the name expressed as an adjective, Socelliana. As Professor E. Birley has shown (Cumb. and West. Trans² LI, 1951, 7; Roman Army, 128), this indicates that the centurion was no longer in command but had not been replaced. Since the new text gives the name in the genitive it should show that this sector of the Wall preceded the building of the two sectors mentioned above. See Stevens (Arch. Ael. ⁴ xxvi (1948), 10) for this priority of building.

In (a) the number of the cohort, II, is quite certain. In 1. 2 the nomen is OBC; the second letter cannot be L. Although only the central part of the face has been dressed smooth the letters have been carefully cut. The centurion is presumably the same as the one recorded on Horsley, Brit. Rom. Northd. LXXV; Bruce, Lap. Sept. 332, found in sector 460–466, reading > LIBONS, and on CIL VII 668, EE IX, p. 588, assigned wrongly by Hubner to Carvoran, but correctly by Stevens (Arch. Ael. ⁴ xxvi, 1948, 32) to the Housesteads-39a sector, reading > OLC · LIBON. As this nomen OLC is very carefully cut the OBC on the new Willowford stone is a mason's error. These three stones indicate that Libo was promoted from the second to the first cohort after the work at Willowford and before that at Glenwhelt (sector 46a–46b).

^{page 178 note 6} Excavated by the Scottish Field School of Archaeology; see p. 155, above. Miss A. S. Robertson sent a photograph, squeeze, and details and reported that the fragment ‘is very much weathered’. On a text where ligatures have been used to save space the clear area at the beginning of the two extant lines seems to show that this marks the left margin.

^{page 178 note 7} Now in Dollar Park Museum, Falkirk, where Miss D. Hunter made it available; Dr. K. A. Steer provided full details. Professor E. Birley suggested (27th June, 1963, to Dr. Steer) that this centurion ‘may well be identical with the T. Flavius Vere- cundus, from Claudia Savaria, centurion of leg. XIIII G.M.V., who dedicated an altar to Mithras at Carnuntum (CIL in 4416), transferred thence to leg. VI Victrix in Britain.’

^{page 179 note 8} Illus. London News 20th July, 1963, 102. Excavated by Rugby Archaeological Society, whose research director, Mr. A. G. Pearson, made it available for drawing by the present writer. Dr. G. Webster sent details and a squeeze. The stone was quarried probably at Duston, Northants, 18 miles to the SE. The two portions of the shaft were dowelled below 1. 6, and the lower portion was sub sequently fractured horizontally across 1. 9. The base is dressed flat, and has been cut back for insertion into a roughly circular socket. Traces of lime-mortar, not derived from adjacent material in the well, remain on the back and both sides of the stone.

^{page 179 note 9} Dr. G. Webster sent the item. For the excavation see p. 165, above.

^{page 179 note 10} Submitted by Mr. J. G. Coy. A third counter, in. in diameter by 4 in. thick, was found in the filling of the ditch with second-century pottery. Obv.: countersunk. Rim: plain. Rev.: asterisk formed by three intersecting strokes deeply cut and still visible even where the surface is damaged. Above the top of one stroke, but not connected with it, is a shallow transverse cut which appears to be casual damage.

^{page 179 note 11} Excavated by Mr. G. C. Boon, who sent details. Now in Bristol City Museum. For nine examples of this or similar legends see CIL XIII 10027, 190 or for another example CIL III 6017, 8.

^{page 179 note 12} Now in Wroxeter Museum. Submitted by Miss D. Charlesworth with photographs on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works. Professor I. A. Richmond elucidated the texts on the reverse. While the identity of the centurion would be known well enough at the time, it is now not clear which of several ‘nomina’ was indicated by CLI or PROC.

^{page 180 note 13} For a stone weight with figures inlaid in bronze see CIL XIII 10030, 40.

^{page 180 note 14} Professor S. S. Frere sent it for study. Found in layer 15, see Frere, , Arch. Jour, cxix (1964), 143, fig. 4.Google Scholar It was in the filling of a large double post-hole which almost certainly belonged to the revetment of the back of the town rampart on the south side of the town. The object must antedate the filling, deposited about A.D. 270–90.

^{page 180 note 15} Now in the British Museum, where Mr. J. W. Brailsford detected the graffiti. For the treasure see Smith, R. A.Arch, LXIII (1911–1912), 20, pl. 11.Google Scholar Although these capacities are substantially in excess, it would be much less satisfactory to interpret the symbols as fractions of a libra to mark the bullion value of the silver, for item 27 would be 17 per cent, in excess and item 28 as much as 43 per cent, in excess.

^{page 180 note 16} Submitted by Mr. R. A. P. Peek as an item from Louth Museum undergoing conservation. Found some years ago, presumably in the area round Louth. Like other local antiquities it may have been pre sented by the Rev. W. H. Mills (1849–1923). For a similar, but uninscribed, patera see Eggers, H. J., Der römische Import im freien Germanien (1951) I, 83, no. 140, 11, Tafel 12.Google Scholar For the same stamp, found at Lincoln but now lost, see EE ix 1312 f. For Senior as a cognomen see CIL v 6472, 6652; VIII 4354 (sixth century).

^{page 180 note 17} Grid ref. SP 954689. Found by Mr. E. Greenfield for the Ministry of Public Building and Works; submitted by Miss D. Charlesworth.

^{page 180 note 18} Now on loan in the Verulamium Museum. Excavated by Mr. A. G. Rook, who made it available to the present writer. For full discussion see Wright, R. P., Antiqs. Jour, XLIV (1964)Google Scholar, forthcoming. The site lies in the grounds of Sherrardswood School, grid ref. TL 235161, 300 yds. SW.of, and 75 ft. below, the Lockleys Villa. Mr. R. A. G. Carson reported that the coin ‘is almost certainly of Gratian, with rev. GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI, from the mint of Arelate, 367–75’. Examination of the amulet was kindly carried out at the British Museum Research Laboratory, where the object, unduly soft after lengthy exposure to damp, was consolidated (see Wright, loc. cit.).

For parallels and discussion see Delatte, A., Musée Belge XVIII (1914), 75Google Scholar; Bonner, Campbell, Studies in magical amulets (Michigan, 1950), ch. 6, pl. vi, no. 139Google Scholar; id., Hesperia xx (1951), pl. 97, no. 27; Barb, A. A., Journal of Warburg and Courtauld Institutes XVI (1953), 225, n. 129, pl. 31g.Google ScholarGalen, , De uteri dissectione (Kühn ed.), ix § 280Google Scholar, describes these κεραίαι or horns and criticizes earlier anatomists for not recognizing them. Professor F. W. Walbank called attention to this passage. For the invocation to Typhon see Preisendanz, , Papyri Graecae Magicae iv, 196, 197.Google Scholar For the ovoid object see Bonner, , Hesperia xx (1951), 327.Google Scholar Grateful acknowledgement is here made to Mr. P. E. Lasko, Dr. M. F. L. Macadam, and Professor I. A. Richmond for help in interpreting the iconography.

^{page 181 note 19} Mr. J. W. Brailsford first noticed the graffito. For the helmet see SirFox, Cyril, Pattern and Purpose (Cardiff, 1958), 119, pl. 62cGoogle Scholar

^{page 181 note 20} See Statius, , Silvae v, ii 147–9Google Scholar for a breastplate taken as a trophy from a British king by Vettius Bolanus, governor A.D. 69–71.

^{page 181 note 21} Submitted by Hereford City Museum, to which it has been presented. The name of this oculist, Aur. Polychronides, seems to be unmatched. The genitive form in -idi is a barbarism for -idis. AT INPET is a mistake for ad impet(um). The remedies and diseases are well known on similar stamps apart from ADYOLITHON. This is a confused spelling of adialyton, ‘indestructible’, another name for the plant heliotrope; dialithon is a variant in Dioscorides, Ps., De mat. med. (ed. Wellmann) iv 190, 16.Google Scholar

^{page 182 note 22} On the property of Mr. W. J. White. For full discussion (here summarized) see Emerita Professor J. M. C. Toynbee, Dorset Nat. Hist, and Arch. Soc. Proc. LXXXV, 116, figs, I, 2 and this Journal, pp. 7–14, frontispiece and pls. I–VII (above).

^{page 182 note 23} The plaster is in Leicester Museum, and has been cleaned by Mrs. J. S. Wacher, who made it accessible to the present writer. Professor I. A. Richmond gave valuable aid in its interpretation. Although the script is cursive it has here been reproduced in majuscules. For cinaede on (a) see CIL iv 2312, 2332. In (c) G is secondary, ella occurs for ilia on the defixio at Bath, EE VII 827. fidis would strictly be gen. sing, of fides, ‘a lyre’. It is possible that the writer, familiar with the Celtic nom. termination -is, applied it to Latin by error. In this event the nom. of fides, ‘faith’, may have been intended. In (d), as a vocative is lacking, it is not certain enough to make va(le). In the lower text after letter 4, R, the upper part of a letter is visible, while the lower part has vanished in surface damage, ancient or more recent. The form of what remains is consonant with a cursive I cut by mistake and followed by a majuscule in replacement. In (h) perhaps a note of household goods; for example one of the nouns specula, sphaerae, spongiae, sporta, or sportula would fit.

^{page 182 note 24} Mr. G. C. Boon sent details, rubbings, and squeezes.

^{page 182 note 25} Found by Mr. J. C. Thompson, and submitted by Mr. E. W. Sockett. (a) is the same as one complete example from this site in Chesters Museum, but not included by Budge in his Catalogue. (b) has the letters EG closer than in (a) and is as yet unmatched among the other examples of this stamp from the eastern part of Hadrian's Wall.

^{page 182 note 26} Found by Mr. Humphrey Jones, deceased, lately Custodian of Segontium fort for the Ministry of Public Building and Works. Mr. G. C. Boon sent details, rubbing, and squeeze. For this type there is only a single and incomplete example in the Holt Collection (Grimes, Holt, 142, fig. 59, no. 21). See V. E. Nash Williams, Roman Frontier in Wales, 8, n. 3, for connections between this fort and Chester and Holt.

^{page 183 note 27} Professor E. Biriey and Dr. J. C. Mann provided details and made them available. Mr. A. Reed has presented one to the Department of Archaeology, Durham University, one to the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle upon Tyne, and retained one.

^{page 183 note 28} Instructor-Captain H. S. Gracie, R.N. sent full details. For this well-known type see MrsClifford, , JRS XLV (1955), 71, pl. xv, no. 15.Google Scholar For the site of (a) see JRS L (1960), 230, and for the report Bristol and Glos. Arch. Soc. Trans, LXXXII (1964), forthcoming.

^{page 183 note 29} Excavated for the Ministry of Public Building and Works by Mrs. H. E. O'Neil, who sent it for study. Grid ref. SP 049168. The 1931 example is in Cheltenham Museum; this detail may be added to the information in JRS XLV (195s), 72, no. 21, fig. 4. The villa itself is at grid ref. SP 048162.

^{page 183 note 30} Made available by Mr. H. J. M. Green, on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works. The 1963 find had been reused with other tiles to form the base for a Saxon principal post. For the Bishopsgate fragment see RCHM London III, 176, no. 56; Wheeler, , London in Roman times, 50, pl. XXIII B.Google Scholar The solution is due to Professor I. A. Richmond.

^{page 183 note 31} Found among material left by the late Dr. V. E. Nash Williams by Dr. M. G. Jarrett, who has presented it to the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. The reading of the second half of 1. 1 is due to Professor I. A. Richmond. For the cognomen Sirica see CIL v 6255 (Milan), vi 776 (ILS 3727) Rome, CIL x 2479 (Herculaneum).

^{page 183 note 32} Now in the Dollar Park Museum, Falkirk; Miss D. Hunter made it available. Not included in the report on the excavation in PSAS xxxv (1900–1).

^{page 183 note 33} Now in the possession of Mr. J. E. Critchlow, who sent it for study.

^{page 183 note 34} Sent by Miss D. Charlesworth on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works.

^{page 183 note 35} Mr. G. C. Boon sent details and a rubbing of this and of no. 39 (below). For the excavation see above, p. 152.

^{page 184 note 36} Now in Carlisle Museum; acquired in 1926 in the Plaskett Gillbanks collection.

^{page 184 note 37} Sent for study by Dr. G. Webster, on behalf of the University of Birmingham. For the excavation see p. 165, above.

^{page 184 note 38} Mr. A. P. Detsicas sent this sherd and also nos. 47(a) and (b) (below). For the site see JRS LIII (1963), 158, and above, p. 177, and for sherds JRS LIII, 165.

^{page 184 note 39} Submitted by Miss D. Charlesworth, on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works.

^{page 184 note 40} For the field see no. 34 (above).

^{page 184 note 41} Dr. K. A. Steer submitted it, and said that it had not been included in his report on the excavation in PSAS xciv (1960–1); it will be placed in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh.

^{page 184 note 42} Mrs. C. Woodfield sent details and a drawing. The sherd is due to be placed in the Newcastle Museum of Antiquities.

^{page 184 note 43} Now in the County Museum, Aylesbury; Mr. C. N. Gowing sent it for study. For the name Cavus see Oswald, Stamps.

^{page 184 note 44} Miss S. A. Butcher sent this and no. 45 (below) on behalf of the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works.

^{page 184 note 45} Mr. D. E. Johnston sent the sherds and details, on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works. For the site see JRS LII (1962), 189–190. For feliciter see JRS xix (1929), 217.

^{page 185 note 46} See no. 43 (above).

^{page 185 note 47} Sent with details by Mr. J. G. Coy.

^{page 185 note 48} See no. 37 (above).

^{page 185 note 49} Sent by Mr. D. S. Neal, on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works. The name Peirithous would fit, and probably belonged to a Greek slave; for an example about A.D. 200 see Inscriptions Graecae III, 1169. The other examples of this name and any others with this termination seem to have been used only in mythological contexts.

^{page 185 note 50} Dr. G. Webster sent the sherds and infra-red photographs. The present writer, with Professor I. A. Richmond's help, proposes the first transcription while the alternative is due to Dr. Webster. The nearest parallel for Duatsus is Duatus (CIL II 6275a).

^{page 185 note 51} Drawing sent by Mrs. C. Woodfield; the sherd is due to be placed in the Newcastle Museum of Antiquities.

^{page 185 note 52} Bosanquet, , Arch. Ael. ³ XVIII (1921), 117Google Scholar with fig.

^{page 185 note 53} Mr. F. Jenkins drew our attention to this item. Now in Margate Public Library, as item 243 in the Dr. Arthur Rowe collection. Mr. G. E. Clarke, Borough Librarian, supplied details from the inventory.

As most of Dr. Rowe's collection consists of Roman objects found in the locality and does not include imported items, we must accept his entry ‘found at Minster in Thanet ‘and presume that someone else acquired it in Italy and lost it at Minster.

^{page 185 note 54} See Zangemeister, CIL ix 6086 ix 16 with fig.; for fuller treatment see id. EE vi, p. 21, no. 9, 15, pi. iv, 3. Pompeius was Cn. Pompeius Strabo, the father of Pompeius Magnus and the besieger of Asculum in the Marsie War, 90–89 B.C.

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Roman Britain in 1963

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