Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T15:58:44.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

When morality policies meet governance: private governance as response to value-driven conflicts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2016

Eva-Maria Euchner  and
Caroline Preidel
Eva-Maria Euchner
Affiliation:
Geschwister-Scholl Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany E-mail: [email protected]
Caroline Preidel
Affiliation:
Geschwister-Scholl Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Scholars of morality policy change primarily analyse state regulation. Through this narrow focus, they ignore private actors and their varying engagement across time and policies. We contribute to this research gap by comparing and explaining private actors’ involvement in euthanasia and prostitution policy in Germany. We argue that the extent of private engagement is determined by the private actors’ capacity to govern, governmental decision-making barriers and private actors’ interests. Thus, the present study makes an empirical contribution to the literature on private governance by exploring largely disregarded policy issues that are least-likely cases for the delegation of public regulatory competence. Furthermore, it adds to the morality policy literature in a theoretical way by showing that policy change in this field is not only a question of scope, timing and direction but also one of the types of governing actors.

Keywords

euthanasiagovernance capacitymorality policiesprivate governanceprostitution
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Public Policy , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , March 2018 , pp. 57 - 81
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press, 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aberbach, J. D. and Rockman, B. A. (2002) Conducting and Coding Elite Interviews. Political Science & Politics 35(4): 673–676.Google Scholar
Akerlof, G. A. (1970) The Market for “Lemons”: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 84(3): 488–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, R. and Cave, M. (1999) Understanding Regulation: Theory, Strategy, and Practice. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, S. (2008) Rethinking the Role of the State: Explaining Business Collective Action at the Business Council of Australia. Polity 40(4): 464–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benzenhöfer, U. (2009) Der gute Tod?: Geschichte der Euthanasie und Sterbehilfe. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Bleiklie, I., Goggin, M. L. and Rothmayr, C. (eds.) (2004) Comparative Biomedical Policy: Governing Assisted Reproductive Technologies. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Börzel, T. and Risse, T. (2005) Public-Private Partnerships: Effective and Legitimate Tools of Transnational Governance?. In Grande E. and Pauli L. W. (eds.), Complex Sovereignty: On the Reconstruction of Political Authority in the 21st Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 195–216.Google Scholar
Börzel, T. A. (2008) Der “Schatten der Hierarchie” – Ein Governance-Paradox?. In Schuppert G. F. and Zürn M. (eds.), Governance in einer sich wandelnden Welt. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 118–131.Google Scholar
Börzel, T. A. and Buzogány, A. (2010) Governing EU Accession in Transition Countries: The Role of Non-State Actors. Acta Politica 45(1–2): 158–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Börzel, T. A. and Risse, T. (2010) Governance Without a State: Can it Work? Regulation & Governance 4(2): 113–134.Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (1979) Richtlinien für die Sterbehilfe. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 76(14): 957–960.Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (1998) Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer für die Sterbebegleitung. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 95(39): 2366.Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (2004) Tätigkeitsbericht 2004, http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/ueber-uns/taetigkeitsberichte/taetigkeitsberichte-der-vorjahre/taetigkeitsbericht-2004/ (accessed 16 December 2015).Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (2008) Tätigkeitsbericht 2008, http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/ueber-uns/taetigkeitsberichte/taetigkeitsberichte-der-vorjahre/taetigkeitsbericht-2008/ (accessed 16 December 2015).Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (2010) Ärztliche begleiteter Suizid und aktive Sterbehilfe aus Sicht der Ärzteschaft, http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/downloads/ sterbehilfe1.pdf (accessed 10 January 2014).Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (2011) Grundsätze der Bundesärztekammer zur ärztlichen Sterbebegleitung. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 108(7): A346–A348.Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (2014a) Mitteilung des Vorstandes: Ärzte leisten Hilfe beim Sterben, aber nicht zum Sterben, http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/news-detail/aerzte-leisten-hilfe-beim-sterben-aber-nicht-zum-sterben/ (accessed 29 January 2016).Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) (2014b) 114. Deutscher Ärztetag. Beschlussprotokoll, http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/downloads/114Beschlussprotokoll20110704.pdf (accessed 14 May 2014).Google Scholar
Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl.) I (2009) S. 2286, Drittes Gesetz zur Änderung des Betreuungsrechts, 29. Juli 2009. Google Scholar
Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl.) I (2001) S. 3983, Gesetz zur Regelung der Rechtsverhältnisse der Prostituierten, 20. Dezember 2001. Google Scholar
Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl.) I (2015) S. 2177, Gesetz zur Strafbarkeit der geschäftsmäßigen Förderung der Selbsttötung, 9 December 2015.Google Scholar
Crowhurst, I., Outshoorn, J. V. and Skilbrei, M. L. (2012) Introduction: Prostitution Policies in Europe. Sexuality Research and Social Policy 9(3): 187–191.Google Scholar
Debus, M., Knill, C. and Tosun, J. (2013) Registration Fees for Same-Sex Unions, Local Party Politics and Societal Demand. Local Government Studies 39(6): 756–776.Google Scholar
Döhler, M. and Manow, P. (1997) Strukturbildung von Politikfeldern: Das Beispiel bundesdeutscher Gesundheitspolitik seit den fünfziger Jahren. Bd. 13 of Reihe Gesellschaftspolitik und Staatstätigkeit. Opladen: Leske+Budrich.Google Scholar
Dresing, T. and Pehl, T. (2011) Praxisbuch Transkription: Regelsysteme, Software und praktische Anleitungen für qualitative ForscherInnen, 2nd ed. Marburg: Eigenverlag.Google Scholar
Engeli, I. (2009) The Challenges of Abortion and Assisted Reproductive Technologies Policies in Europe. Comparative European Politics 7(1): 56–74.Google Scholar
Engeli, I., Green-Pedersen, C. and Thorup Larsen, L. (eds.) (2012) Morality Politics in Western Europe: Parties, Agendas and Policy Choices. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Engeli, I. and Rothmayr, C. (2015) Similar Regulatory Challenges but Contrasting Modes of Governance? The Puzzle of Governing Human Biotechnology Across Western Europe. In Capano G. , Howlett M. and Ramesh M. (eds.), Varieties of Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 51–73.Google Scholar
Engeli, I. and Rothmayr, C. (2016) When Doctors Shape Policy: The Impact of Self-Regulation on Governing Human Biotechnology. Regulation & Governance 10(3): 248–261.Google Scholar
Engeli, I. and Varone, F. (2011) Governing Morality Issues Through Procedural Policies. Swiss Political Science Review 17(3): 239–258.Google Scholar
Euchner, E.-M. (2015a) Prostitutionsregulierung: politische einigung zulasten der implementation. In Knill C. , Heichel S. , Preidel C. and Nebel K. (eds.), Moralpolitik in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: SV-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 107–126.Google Scholar
Euchner, E.-M. (2015b) Prostitutionspolitik in Deutschland: Entwicklung im Kontext europäischer Trends. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.Google Scholar
Euchner, E.-M. and Knill, C. (2015) Sin, Unavoidable Evil or Recognized Profession? Prostitution Regulation Between Authority and Permissiveness. In Knill C. , Adam C. and Hurka S. (eds.), On the Road to Permissiveness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 129–157.Google Scholar
European Values Study (2011) European Values Study 1981-2008: Longitudinal Data File. ZA4804 Data File Version 2.0.0 (2011-12-30). Köln: GESIS Datenarchiv.Google Scholar
Fredriksson, M., Blomqvist, P. and Winblad, U. (2012) Conflict and Compliance in Swedish Health Care Governance: Soft Law in the “Shadow of Hierarchy”. Scandinavian Political Studies 35(1): 48–70.Google Scholar
Goldstein, K. (2002) Getting in the Door: Sampling and Completing Elite Interviews. PS: Political Science and Politics 35(4): 669–672.Google Scholar
Haider-Markel, D. P. (1998) The Politics of Social Regulatory Policy: State and Federal Hate Crime Policy and Implementation Effort. Political Research Quarterly 51(1): 69–88.Google Scholar
Hancher, L. and Moran, M. (1989) Organising Regulatory Space. In Hancher L. and Moran M. (eds.), Capitalism, Culture, and Economic Regulation. Vol. 3 of Government-Industry Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 271–299.Google Scholar
Héritier, A. (2002) New Modes of Governance in Europe: Policy Making Without Legislating?. In Heritier A. (ed.), Common Goods: Reinventing European Integration Governance. Lanham, MD and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 185–204.Google Scholar
Héritier, A. and Eckert, S. (2008) New Modes of Governance in the Shadow of Hierarchy: Self-Regulation by Industry in Europe. Journal of Public Policy 28(1): 113–138.Google Scholar
Héritier, A. and Lehmkuhl, D. (2008) The Shadow of Hierarchy and New Modes of Governance. Journal of Public Policy 28(1): 1–17.Google Scholar
Héritier, A. and Lehmkuhl, D. (2011) New Modes of Governance and Democratic Accountability. Government and Opposition 46(1): 126–144.Google Scholar
IfD Allensbach (2015) Website: Studien und Berichte. http://www.ifd-allensbach.de/studien-und-berichte/uebersicht.html. (accessed 23 November 2015)Google Scholar
Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach (IfD) (2001) Mehrheit für aktive Sterbehilfe, http://www.ifd-allensbach.de/uploads/tx_reportsndocs/prd_0109.pdf (accessed 16 December 2015).Google Scholar
Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach (IfD) (2014) Deutliche Mehrheit der Bevölkerung für aktive Sterbehilfe, http://www.ifd-allensbach.de/uploads/tx_reportsndocs/KB_2014_02.pdf (accessed 16 December 2015).Google Scholar
Jensen, J. L. (2003) Policy Diffusion Through Institutional Legitimation: State Lotteries. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13(4): 521–541.Google Scholar
Johnson, G. F. (2015) Governing Sex Work: An Agonistic Policy Community and its Relational Dynamics. Critical Policy Studies 9(3): 259–277.Google Scholar
Kersbergen, K. v. and Waarden, F. v. (2004) “Governance” as a Bridge Between Disciplines: Cross-Disciplinary Inspiration Regarding Shifts in Governance and Problems of Governability, Accountability and Legitimacy. European Journal of Political Research 43(2): 143–171.Google Scholar
Knill, C. (2013) The Study of Morality Policy: Analytical Implications from a Public Policy Perspective. Journal of European Public Policy 20(3): 309–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knill, C., Adam, C. and Hurka, S. (eds.) (2015) On the Road to Permissiveness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Knill, C. and Lehmkuhl, D. (2002) Private Actors and the State: Internationalization and Changing Patterns of Governance. Governance 15(1): 41–63.Google Scholar
Littoz-Monnet, A. (2015) Ethics Experts as an Instrument of Technocratic Governance: Evidence From EU Medical Biotechnology Policy. Governance 28(3): 357–372.Google Scholar
Lodge, M. (2008) Regulation, the Regulatory State and European Politics. West European Politics 31(1–2): 280–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayntz, R. (1987) Politische steuerung und gesellschaftliche steuerungsprobleme. anmerkungen zu einem theoretischen paradigma. In Ellwein T. , Hesse J. J., Mayntz R. and Scharpf F. (eds.), Jahrbuch zur Staats- und Verwaltungswissenschaft. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 89–110.Google Scholar
Mayntz, R. (1998) New Challenges to Governance Theory. Florence: The Robert Schuman Centre at the European University Institute Florence.Google Scholar
McCann, A. (2014) Euthanasia in England, France and the Netherlands: A Law and Governance Perspective. In McCann A. , van Rooij A. E. , Hallo de Wolf, A. and Heerhof A. R. (eds.), When Private Actors Contribute to Public Interests a Law and Governance. Amsterdam, Groningen: Eleven International Publishing, 73–107.Google Scholar
Meier, K. J. (ed.) (1994) The Politics of Sin: Drugs, Alcohol, and Public Policy. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Minkenberg, M. (2003) The Policy Impact of Church–State Relations: Family Policy and Abortion in Britain, France, and Germany. West European Politics 26(1): 195–217.Google Scholar
Mooney, C. (ed.) (2001a) Public Clash of Private Values: The Politics of Morality Policy. New York: Chatham House.Google Scholar
Mooney, C. (2001b) The Public Clash of Private Values. In Mooney C. (ed.), Public Clash of Private Values: The Politics of Morality Policy. New York: Chatham House, 3–18.Google Scholar
Nevers, R. d. (2010) The Effectiveness of Self-Regulation by the Private Military and Security Industry. Journal of Public Policy 30(2): 219–240.Google Scholar
Obst, W.-D. (2014) Bordell-Razzien.: Angriff auf das Sex-Imperium, Stuttgarter Nachrichten, 2 December, http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.bordell-razzien-angriff-auf-das-sex-imperium.4ef7c867-aed0-43ba-b594-e603cf0eec55.html (accessed 4 January 2016).Google Scholar
Peters, B. G. (2010) The Politics of Bureaucracy: An Introduction to Comparative Public Administration. Sixth edition. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Preidel, C. (2015) Sterbehilfe in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: Springer.Google Scholar
Preidel, C. and Knill, C. (2015) Removal of a Taboo. The Regulation of Euthanasia. In Knill C. , Adam C. and Hurka S. (eds.), On the Road to Permissiveness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 79–102.Google Scholar
Preidel, C. and Nebel, K. (2015) Last Exit: Gewissensentscheidung: Regulierung von Sterbehilfe in Deutschland. In Knill C. , Heichel S. , Preidel C. and Nebel K. (eds.), Moralpolitik in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: SV-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 50–68.Google Scholar
Saurwein, F. (2011) Regulatory Choice for Alternative Modes of Regulation: How Context Matters. Law & Policy 33(3): 334–366.Google Scholar
Schmitt, S., Euchner, E.-M. and Preidel, C. (2013) Regulating Prostitution and Same-Sex Marriage in Italy and Spain: The Interplay of Political and Societal Veto Players in Two Catholic Societies. Journal of European Public Policy 20(3): 425–441.Google Scholar
Schuppert, G. F. (2008) Governance – auf der Suche nach Konturen eines “anerkannt uneindeutigen Begriffs”. In Schuppert G. F. and Zürn M. (eds.), Governance in Einer Sich Wandelnden Welt. Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 13–40 (in German).Google Scholar
Speaker Deutsche Aidshilfe e.V. (2014) Prostitution Regulation in Germany, Phone Interview 3, Conducted by Eva-Maria Euchner, Munich, 17 July.Google Scholar
Speaker Hydra e.V. (2014) Prostitution Policy: Interplay Between Private and Public Actors, Phone Interview 2, Conducted by Eva-Maria Euchner, Munich, 12 August.Google Scholar
Speaker Madonna e.V. (2014) Reform of Prostitution Policy in Germany, Phone Interview 1, Conducted by Eva-Maria Euchner, Munich, 13 August.Google Scholar
Speaker UEDG e.V. (2015) Organization of Sex Clubs and Brothels in Germany, Phone Interview 6, Conducted by Eva-Maria Euchner, Munich, 19 November.Google Scholar
Streeck, W. and Schmitter, P. C. (1985) Community, Market, State-and Associations? The Prospective Contribution of Interest Governance to Social Order. European Sociological Review 1(2): 119–138.Google Scholar
Studlar, D. T., Cagossi, A. and Duval, R. D. (2013) Is Morality Policy Different? Institutional Explanations for Post-War Western Europe. Journal of European Public Policy 20(3): 353–371.Google Scholar
Tatalovich, R. and Daynes, B. W. (eds.) (1998) Moral Controversies in American Politics. New York: Sharpe.Google Scholar
Torfing, J., Peters, G. B., Pierre, J. and Sorensen, E. (2012) Interactive Governance: Advancing the Paradigm. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tosun, J., Koos, S. and Shore, J. (2016) Co-Governing Common Goods: Interaction Patterns of Private and Public Actors. Policy and Society 35(1): 1–12.Google Scholar
Wagenaar, H. (2006) Democracy and Prostitution: Deliberating the Legalization of Brothels in the Netherlands. Administration & Society 38(2): 198–235.Google Scholar
Wagenaar, H. and Altink, S. (2012) Prostitution as Morality Politics or Why it is Exceedingly Difficult to Design and Sustain Effective Prostitution Policy. Sexuality Research and Social Policy 9(3): 279–292.Google Scholar
Whitehead, M. (2007) The Architecture of Partnerships: Urban Communities in the Shadow of Hierarchy. Policy & Politics 35(1): 3–23.Google Scholar