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Systematics and paleobiogeography of Late Triassic Gryphaea (Bivalvia) from the North American Cordillera

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Christopher A. Mcroberts
Christopher A. Mcroberts*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-1070
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Abstract

Evaluation of previously undescribed collections of Late Triassic Gryphaea from the North American Cordillera increases the temporal range and geographic distribution of the genus. Gryphaea (Gryphaea) arcuataeformis Kiparisova, G. cf. G. (Gryphaea) keilhaui Böhm, and a new species, G. (Gryphaea) nevadensis, occur in lower Carnian to upper Norian strata from Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon, and Nevada. The distribution is mostly primary with respect to the Upper Triassic North American Craton, and requires long-distance larval dispersal along the latitude of far-eastern Panthalassa. Unlike most modern oysters, the distribution of these Triassic gryphaeids may have been restricted to cool and deeper water environments.

An early Carnian age of Gryphaea (Gryphaea) arcuataeformis places this species as the oldest known Gryphaea. When combined with late Carnian and Norian occurrences from the North and South American Cordillera, these data indicate that a low-latitude origin for the genus cannot be overlooked. Gryphaeids survived the end-Triassic extinction event presumably by living in refugia.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , January 1992 , pp. 28 - 39
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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