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Secondary tiering on crinoids from the Waldron Shale (Silurian: Wenlockian) of Indiana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Shanan E. Peters  and
Kennard B. Bork
Shanan E. Peters
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geography, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023,
Kennard B. Bork
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geography, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023,
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Abstract

Superbly preserved specimens of Eucalyptocrinites tuberculatus from the Waldron Shale (Silurian, Wenlockian) of Indiana have been found with epibionts attached in living position to their stems. The rhynchonellid brachiopod Stegerhynchus indianense, the tabulate coral Favosites forbesi, the annelids? Spirorbis and Cornulites, bryozoans, and rarely the ichnogenus Tremichnus utilized living crinoids as secondary tiering surfaces. Crinozoans also attached to upright crinoid columns, and their holdfasts are the most abundant epibionts on pluricolumnals. Eucalyptocrinites crassus individuals contributed to the success of their epibionts by providing stable attachment surfaces elevated up to one meter above the sediment-water interface. Although crinoid-epibiont relationships are frequently blurred by taphonomic processes, articulated crinoid specimens and encrusters on pluricolumnals suggest that secondary tiering was a significant paleoecological element in the Waldron Shale.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 72 , Issue 5 , September 1998 , pp. 887 - 894
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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