No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Origin and early evolutionary radiation of the Order Lagenida (Foraminifera)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 May 2016
Abstract
The Order Lagenida is a monophyletic group of calcareous foraminifers that originated in Middle Pennsylvanian time via acquisition of hyaline-radial wall structure and loss of microgranular wall structure, the latter being characteristic of the close sister group and likely ancestor, the Fusulinida. Early lagenides are delineated into subgroups on the basis of presence or absence of partitioning within their tests, and among partitioned forms, on continuous versus discontinuous growth styles. Partitioned, discontinuously growing forms may be further delineated on the basis of test symmetry and on modifications to chamber shape and apertural complexity. Early lagenides underwent rapid taxonomic differentiation during late Moscovian and early Kasimovian time. Taxonomic differentiation was accompanied by rapid dispersal from the presumed center of origin in the midcontinent-Andean area to tropical and subtropical shelves worldwide. By Early Permian time certain lagenides were adapted to cool water paleoenvironments, as evidenced by their occurrences in high paleolatitudes and even in glaciomarine basins. Early Permian lagenides do not exhibit marked provincialism, but there is evidence for paleolatitudinal control on assemblages. The midcontinent-Andean and present Arctic areas contain similar, diverse faunas from low- to mid paleolatitudes along the western margin of Pangaea. These faunas share many elements in common with faunas from the tropical and subtropical eastern margin of Pangaea (Paleotethys). In contrast, the Europe-Urals, Siberian and Australian areas are characterized by a slightly different faunal association from mid- to high paleolatitudes in both hemispheres. Panthalssan faunas are less well known, but seemingly contain only cosmopolitan taxa.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Paleontological Society
References
Adachi, S.
1985. Smaller foraminifers of the Ichinotani Formation (Carboniferous-Permian), Hida Massif, central Japan. Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B = Geological Sciences, 6:59–139.Google Scholar
Altiner, D.
1981. Recherches stratigraphiques et micropaléontologiques dans le Taurus Oriental au NW de Pinarbasi (Turquie). Université de Genève, Section des Sciences de la Terre, Thèse No. 2005, 450 p.Google Scholar
Altiner, D., and Savini, R.
1997. New species of Syzrania from the Amazonas and Solimões basins (North Brazil): remarks on the generic and suprageneric position of syzraniid foraminifers. Revue de Paléobiologie, 16:7–20.Google Scholar
Baryshnikov, V. V., Zolotova, V. P., and Koscheleva, V. F.
1982. New species of foraminifers from the Artinskian Stage of the Perm pre-Urals. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ural'skii Nauchnyi Tsentr, Institut Geologii i Geokhimii, Sverdlovsk, p. 3–54. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Belford, D. J.
1968. Permian foraminifera from BMR bores 6, 7, 8, and 9, Western Australia. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin
80:1–12. (Imprinted 1965)Google Scholar
Brazhnikova, N. E., Vakartchuk, G. I., Vdovenko, M. V., Viniitchenko, L. V., Karpova, M. A., Kolomietz, La. I., Potievskaya, P. D., Rostovseva, L. P., and Chevtchenko, G. D.
1967. Marker micro-faunal horizons of the Carboniferous and Permian of the Dniepr-Donetz Basin. Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Institut Geologicheskii Nauk, Trudy, 224 p. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Brotzen, F.
1963. Evolutionary trends in certain calcareous foraminifera on the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic boundary, p. 66–78. In
von Koenigswald, G. H. R., Emeis, J. D., Buning, W. L., and Wagner, C. W. (eds.), Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, London, New York.Google Scholar
Brouwer, J.
1969. Foraminiferal assemblages from the Lias of northwestern Europe. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Natuurkunde, Eerste Reeks—Deel
25, No. 4, 65 p.Google Scholar
Chapman, F., and Howchin, W.
1905. A monograph of the foraminifera of the Permo-Carboniferous limestones of New South Wales. Department of Mines and Agriculture, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology
14, 22 p.Google Scholar
Cherdyntsev, W.
1914. Foraminiferal fauna of the Permian deposits of the eastern belt of European Russia. Kazan, Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoispytateley pri Imperatorskomy Kazanskomy Universitety, 46:3–88. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Crespin, I.
1958. Permian foraminifera of Australia. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin
48, 207 p.Google Scholar
Crowell, J. C.
1978. Gondwanan glaciation, cyclothems, continental positioning, and climate change. American Journal of Science, 278:1345–1372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushman, J. A., and Waters, J. A.
1928. Additional Cisco foraminifera from Texas. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 4:62–67.Google Scholar
Cushman, J. A., and Waters, J. A.
1930. Foraminifera of the Cisco Group of Texas. The University of Texas Bulletin, 3019:22–81.Google Scholar
Davydov, V. I.
1986. Discovery of Nodosaria in Upper Carboniferous deposits of Darvaz. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 290:913–916. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Douglass, R. C.
1962. Fusulinidae of the Brownwood through Americus interval in Kansas, p. 55–64. In
Mudge, M. R. and Yochelson, E. L., (eds.), Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Uppermost Pennsylvanian and Lowermost Permian Rocks in Kansas. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 323.Google Scholar
Eldridge, J., Walsh, D., and Scotese, C. R.
2000. Plate Tracker for Windows/NT, Version 2.0. PALEOMAP Project, Arlington, Texas.Google Scholar
Foster, C. B., Palmieri, V., and Fleming, P. J. G.
1985. Plant microfossils, Foraminiferida and Ostracoda from the Fossil Cliff Formation (Early Permian, Sakmarian), Perth Basin, Western Australia. South Australia Department of Mines and Energy, Special Publication, 5:61–105.Google Scholar
Gee, H.
1999. In search of deep time. Beyond the fossil record to a new history of life. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 267 p.Google Scholar
Gerke, A. A.
1952. Microfauna from Permian deposits of the Nordvik District and their stratigraphic indications. Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii Arktiki (Leningrad), Trudy, v. 28, 209 p. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Gerke, A. A.
1957. On some important internal characters in foraminifers of the family Lagenidae in material from Permian, Triassic and Liassic deposits of the Soviet Arctic. Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii Arktiki, Ministerstva Geologii i Okhran' Nedr, Sbornik Statei po Paleontologii i Biostratigrafii, vypusk
4:11–26. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Gerke, A. A.
1959. On a new genus of Permian nodosariid foraminifera and the limiting characteristics of the genus Nodosaria
. Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii Arktiki (Leningrad), Trudy, 17:41–59. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Gerke, A. A.
1961. Foraminifers from Permian, Triassic and Liassic deposits in the oil-bearing regions of north-central Siberia. Trudy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Geologii Arktiki, Ministerstva Geologii i Okhrany Nedr SSSR, Leningrad, v. 120, 518 p. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Gerke, A. A., and Sosipatrova, G. P.
1975. Stratigraphic significance of Late Paleozoic foraminifers in the northeastern USSR, p. 26–41. In
Ustritskii, V. I. (ed.), Upper Paleozoic of the Northeastern USSR. Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii Arktiki, Ministerstva Geologii SSSR, Sbornik Statei, Leningrad. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Glaessner, M. F.
1945. Principles of micropaleontology. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Glaessner, M. F.
1963. Major trends in the evolution of the foraminifera, p. 9–24. In
von Koenigswald, G. H. R., Emeis, J. D., Buning, W. L., and Wagner, C. W. (eds.), Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, London, New York.Google Scholar
Gr⊘nlund, H., and Hansen, H. J.
1976. Scanning electron microscopy of some Recent and fossil nodosariid foraminifera. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 25:121–134.Google Scholar
Groves, J. R.
1992. Stratigraphic distribution of non-fusulinacean foraminifers in the Marble Falls Limestone (lower–middle Pennsylvanian), western Llano region, central Texas, p. 145–162. In
Sutherland, P. K. and Manger, W. L. (eds.), Recent Advances in Middle Carboniferous Biostratigraphy—A Symposium. Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular, 94.Google Scholar
Groves, J. R.
2000. Suborder Lagenina and other smaller foraminifers from uppermost Pennsylvanian–Lower Permian rocks of Kansas and Oklahoma. Micropaleontology, 46:285–326.Google Scholar
Groves, J. R., and Boardman, D. R. Jr.
1999. Calcareous smaller foraminifers from the Lower Permian Council Grove Group near Hooser, Kansas. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 29:243–262.Google Scholar
Groves, J. R., and Wahlman, G. P.
1997. Biostratigraphy and evolution of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian smaller foraminifers from the Barents Sea (offshore Arctic Norway). Journal of Paleontology, 71:758–779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haimila, N. E., Kirschner, C. E., Nassichuk, W. W., Ulmichek, G., and Procter, R. M.
1990. Sedimentary basins and petroleum resource potential of the Arctic Ocean region, p. 503–538. In
Grantz, A., Johnson, L., and Sweeney, J. F. (eds.), The Arctic Ocean Region. Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. L.Google Scholar
Hallam, A., and Wignall, P. B.
1997. Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 320 p.Google Scholar
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., and Ryan, P. D.
2001. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologica Electronica, 4(4), 9 p., 178KB. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm.Google Scholar
Hansen, H. J.
1970. Electron-microscopical studies on the ultrastructure of some perforate calcitic radiate and granulate foraminifera. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 17:1–16.Google Scholar
Henderson, C. M., Pinard, S., and Beauchamp, B.
1995. Biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic relationships of Upper Carboniferous conodont and foraminifer distribution, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 43:226–246.Google Scholar
Hobson, J. P., Caldwell, C. D., and Toomey, D. F.
1985. Sedimentary facies and biota of Early Permian deep-water allochthonous limestone, southwest Reagan County, Texas, p. 93–139. In
Crevello, P. D. and Harris, P. M. (eds.), Deep-water Carbonates: Buildups, Turbidites, Debris Flows and Chalks—A Core Workshop. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Core Workshop No. 6.Google Scholar
Hohenegger, J.
1997. Morphological niches as tools for phylogenetic analysis: Permian and Triassic Lagenina as a case study, p. 63–70. In
Ross, C. A., Ross, J. R. P., and Brenckle, P. L. (eds.), Late Paleozoic Foraminifera—their Biostratigraphy, Evolution, and Paleoecology and the Mid-Carboniferous Boundary. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Special Publication 36.Google Scholar
Hohenegger, J., and Piller, W.
1975. Wandstrukturen und Großgliederung der Foraminiferen. Sitzungsberichten der Österreiche Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 184:67–96.Google Scholar
Howchin, W.
1888. Additions to the knowledge of the Carboniferous foraminifera. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, Pt. 2:533–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howchin, W.
1895. Carboniferous foraminifera of Western Australia, with descriptions of new species. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 19:194–198.Google Scholar
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 338 p. (In French and English)Google Scholar
Jenny, C., and Stampfli, G.
2000. Permian paleogeography of the Tethyan realm. Permophiles, 37:24–33.Google Scholar
Kireeva, G. D.
1958. On the age of the Copper Sandstone Formation of the Donbas and the foraminifera occurring in it. Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Geologorazvedochnyi Neftiyanoi Institut (VNIG-NI), Trudy, 9:157–176. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Lange, E.
1925. Eine Mittelpermische Fauna von Guguk Bulat (Padanger Oberland, Sumatra). Verhandelingen van het Geologisch-Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap voor Nederland en Koloniën, Geologische serie, 7:213–295.Google Scholar
Lieberman, B. S.
2000. Paleobiogeography. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, 208 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiaxing, Lin, Jiaxiang, Li, and Quanying, Sun. 1990. Late Paleozoic foraminifera in South China. Science Publishing House, Beijing, 297 p. (In Chinese with English summary)Google Scholar
Lipina, O. A.
1949. Smaller foraminifers from the buried massifs of Bashkiria. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, vypusk 105, Geologicheskaya Seriya
35:198–235. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Loeblich, A. R. Jr., and Tappan, H.
1987. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 2 v., 970 p. (Imprinted 1988)Google Scholar
Lys, M., Stampfli, G., and Jenny, J.
1978. Biostratigraphie du Carbonifère et du Permien de l'Elbourz oriental (Iran du NE). Note du Laboratoire de Paléontologie de l'Université de Genève, 10:63–78.Google Scholar
Malakhova, N. P.
1980. Smaller foraminiferal complex from the Middle Carboniferous of the southeastern Urals. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ural'skii Nauchnii Tsentr, Institut Geologii i Geokhimii, Sverdlovsk, p. 3–53. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Mamet, B. L.
1996. Late Paleozoic small foraminifers (endothyrids) from South America (Ecuador and Bolivia). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33:452–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mamet, B. L., and Pinard, S.
1992. Note sur la taxonomie des petits foraminifères du Paléozoique supérieur. Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie, 99:373–397.Google Scholar
Massa, D., and Vachard, D.
1979. Le Carbonifère de Libye occidentale: biostratigraphie et micropaleontologie. Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole, 34:3–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikhalevich, V. I.
1993. New higher taxa of the subclass Nodosariata (Foraminifera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2:5–8.Google Scholar
Norling, E.
1968. On Liassic nodosariid foraminifera and their wall structures. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Avhandlingar och Uppsater, Årsbok
61, Nr. 8
(Ser. C, Nr. 623), 75 p.Google Scholar
Orbigny, A. d'.
1826. Tableau méthodique de la classe des Céphalopodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 7:245–314.Google Scholar
Pajic, V., and Filipovic, I.
1995. Foraminiferi i alge, p. 50–59. In
Filipovic, I. (ed.), The Carboniferous of Northwestern Serbia. Rasprave Geoloskog Zavoda “Gemini,” Beograd, v. 25. (In Serbian)Google Scholar
Palmieri, V.
1994. Permian foraminifera in the Bowen Basin, Queensland. Queensland Geology, 6:1–126.Google Scholar
Pinard, S.
1989. Taxonomie des petits foraminifères de Carbonifère–Permien inférieur du bassin de Sverdrup, Arctique canadien. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Université de Montréal, 3 v., 782 p.Google Scholar
Pinard, S., and Mamet, B.
1998. Taxonomie des petits foraminifères du Carbonifère supérieur–Permien inférieur du bassin de Sverdrup, Arctique canadien. Palaeontographica Canadiana
15, 253 p.Google Scholar
Potievskaya, P. D.
1962. Representatives of some families of smaller foraminifers from the Lower Permian of the northwestern region of the Donbass. Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Trudy Instituta Geolgogicheskikh Nauk, Seriya Stratigrafii i Paleontologii, 44:49–94. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Rauser-Chernousova, D. M.
1949. On the ontogenesis of some Paleozoic foraminifers. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Institut, 20:339–353. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Rauser-Chernousova, D. M., and Fursenko, A. V.
1959. Determination of foraminifers from the oil-producing regions of the USSR. Glavnaya Redaktsya Gorno-Toplivnoi Literatury Leningrad, Moskva, 315 p. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Reiss, Z.
1963. Reclassification of perforate foraminifera. State of Israel Ministry of Development, Geological Survey Bulletin, 35:1–111.Google Scholar
Reitlinger, E. A.
1950. Foraminifera from the Middle Carboniferous deposits of the central part of the Russian Platform (exclusive of the family Fusulinidae) Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, vypusk 126. Geologicheskaya Seriya, 47:1–127. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Ross, C. A.
1967. Development of fusulinid (Foraminiferida) faunal realms. Journal of Paleontology, 41:1341–1354.Google Scholar
Ross, C. A.
1990. Paleobiogeography of fusulinacean foraminifera, p. 23–31. In
Studies in Benthic Foraminifera, Benthos '90, Sendai. Tokai University Press.Google Scholar
Ross, C. A., and Ross, J. R. P.
1982. Biogeographical influences on Late Paleozoic faunal distributions, p. 199–212. In
Larwood, G. P. and Nielsen, C. (eds.), Recent and Fossil Bryozoa. Olsen and Olsen Printers, Fredensborg, Denmark. (Imprinted 1981)Google Scholar
Ross, C. A., and Ross, J. R. P.
1985. Carboniferous and Permian biogeography. Geology, 13:27–30.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheibnerová, V.
1982. Permian foraminifera of the Sydney Basin. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology
19, 125 p.Google Scholar
de Civrieux, J. M. Sellier, and Dessauvagie, T. F. J.
1965. Reclassification de quelques Nodosariidae, particulièrement du Permien au Lias. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Yayinlarindan (Publications de l'Institut d'Études et de Recherches Minières de Turquie), No. 124, 178 p.Google Scholar
Sosipatrova, G. P.
1962. Foraminifera of the Upper Paleozoic deposits of Taimyr. Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Geologii Arktiki (NII-GA), Sbornik Statei po Paleontologii i Biostratigrafii, 30:35–72. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sosipatrova, G. P.
1967. Upper Paleozoic foraminifers of Spitsbergen. In
Sokolov, V. N. (ed.), Stratigraphy of Spitsbergen. Institut Geologii Arktiki, Leningrad, 238 p. (In Russian, with English translation available from the Lending Division of the British Library Board, 1977, p. 125–163)Google Scholar
Sosipatrova, G. P.
1969. Foraminifers from the Starostinskoi Suite of Spitsbergen. Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii Arktiki, Ministerstva Geologii SSSR, Uchenie Zapiski Paleontologiya i Biostratigrafiya, 26:46–79. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Spandel, E.
1898. Die Foraminiferen des deutschen Zechsteines (vorläufige Mitteilung) und ein zweifelhaftes mikroskopisches Fossil ebendaher. Nürnberg, Verlag des Verlags-Institut “General-Anzeiger,”
15 p.Google Scholar
Spandel, E.
1901. Die Foraminiferen des Permo–Carbon von Hooser, Kansas, Nord Amerika. Festschrift, Saecular-Freier der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft in Nürnberg, 1801–1901, p. 177–194.Google Scholar
Stemmerik, L., Håkansson, E., Madsen, L., Nilsson, I., Piasecki, S., Pinard, S., and Rasmussen, J.
1996. Stratigraphy and depositional evolution of the Upper Palaeozoic sedimentary succession in eastern Peary Land, north Greenland. Bulletin Gr⊘nlands geologiske Unders⊘gelse, 171:45–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stepanova, E.
1997. The Early Permian smaller foraminifers of the north-western region of the Donbas, p. 145–147. In
Podemski, M., Dybova-Jachowicz, S., Jaworowski, K., Jureczka, J., and Wagner, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the XII International Congress on the Carboniferous and Permian, Pt. 3. Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, Warszawa.Google Scholar
Suliemanov, I. S.
1949. Some smaller foraminifers from the Upper Paleozoic deposits of Bashkiria. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, vypusk 105. Geologicheskaya Seriya
35:236–243. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L.
1998. PAUP∗. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (∗ and other methods). Version 4, beta 10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Tappan, H., and Loeblich, A. R. Jr.
1988. Foraminiferal evolution, diversification, and extinction. Journal of Paleontology, 62:695–714.Google Scholar
Toomey, D. F.
1972. The biota of the Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) Leavenworth Limestone, midcontinent region, Pt. 3, Distribution of calcareous foraminifera. Journal of Paleontology, 46:276–298.Google Scholar
Toomey, D. F.
1983. The paleoecology of a “middle limestone member” (Leavenworth) of an Upper Carboniferous (Stephanian) cyclothem, midcontinent, USA. Facies, 8:113–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toomey, D. F., Wilson, J. L., and Rezak, R.
1977. Evolution of Yucca Mound Complex, Late Pennsylvanian phylloid-algal build-up, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 61:2115–2133.Google Scholar
Towe, K. M., and Cifelli, R.
1967. Wall ultrastructure in the calcareous foraminifera: crystallographic aspects and a model for calcification. Journal of Paleontology, 41:742–762.Google Scholar
Ueno, K.
1989. Carboniferous and Lower Permian foraminiferal biostratigraphy in the Akiyoshi Limestone Group; Studies of the Upper Paleozoic foraminifers in the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, southwest Japan, Pt. 1. Bulletin of the Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History, No. 24, 39 p. (In Japanese with English abstract)Google Scholar
Vachard, D.
1980. Téthys et Gondwana au Paléozoique supérieur les donnes Afganes (biostratigraphie, micropaléontologie, paléogéographie). Institut Géologique Albert de Lapparent, Documents et Travaux, No. 2, 463 p.Google Scholar
Vachard, D.
1990. A new biozonation of the limestones from Terbat area, Sarawak, Malaysia, p. 183–208. In
Fontaine, H. (ed.), Ten Years of CCOP Research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Committee for Co-ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Technical Publication 20.Google Scholar
Vachard, D., and Krainer, K.
2001a. Smaller foraminifers of the Upper Carboniferous Auernig Group, Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 107:147–168.Google Scholar
Vachard, D., and Krainer, K.
2001b. Smaller foraminifers, characteristic algae and pseudo-algae of the latest Carboniferous–early Permian Rattendorf Group, Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy). Revista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 107:169–195.Google Scholar
Vachard, D., and Montenat, C.
1981. Biostratigraphie, micropaléontologie et paléogéographie du Permien de la région de Tezak (Montagnes Centrales d'Afganistan). Palaeontolographica, Abteilung B, 178:1–88.Google Scholar
Vachard, D., Massa, D., and Strank, A.
1993. Le Carbonifère du sondage A1–37 (Cyrénaique, Libye), analyse biostratigraphique, conséquences paléogeographiques. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 36:165–186.Google Scholar
Vdovenko, M. V., Rauser-Chernousova, D. M., Reitlinger, E. A., and Sabirov, A. A.
1993. Handbook on the systematics of Paleozoic smaller foraminifers. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Geologicheskii Institut, Komissiya po Mikropaleontologii, Moskva, 125 p. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Keliang, Wang. 1982. Carboniferous and Permian foraminifera of Xizang. Palaeontology of Xizang, The Series of the Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Book IV, p. 1–32. (In Chinese with English summary)Google Scholar
Wiley, E. O., Siegel-Causey, D., Brooks, D. R., and Funk, V. A.
1991. The compleat cladist—a primer of phylogenetic procedures. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 19, 158 p.Google Scholar
Zamilatskaya, T. K.
1969. Smaller foraminiferal complex from the Lower Permian of the southeastern Russian Platform. Byulleten' Moskovskoe Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Geologii, Trudy, 44:118–130. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Zhang, Zu-hui, and Hong, Zu-yin. 2001. Early Permian smaller foraminiferal fauna from Ninghua County, Fujian Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 18:254–262. (In Chinese with English summary)Google Scholar