Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T13:09:21.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New morphological data for Eosaniwa Koehni Haubold, 1977 and a revised phylogenetic analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Olivier Rieppel ,
Jack L. Conrad  and
Jessica A. Maisano
Olivier Rieppel
Affiliation:
1Department of Geology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605,
Jack L. Conrad
Affiliation:
2Department of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, New York 10024,
Jessica A. Maisano
Affiliation:
3Jackson School of Geosciences, the University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Eosaniwa koehni is an enigmatic platynotan that differs from related varanoids in the possession of a very long snout resulting in extremely elongate nasals and vomers; a robust and broad jugal; the presence of denticles on palatines, pterygoids, and vomers; the presence of a subdental shelf on the dentary; and a strongly twisted retroarticular process on the mandible. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Eosaniwa is a derived varanoid platynotan, nested within a clade also including mosasauroids, Coniasaurus, and Paravaranus.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , July 2007 , pp. 760 - 769
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alifanov, V. R. 2000. The fossil record of Cretaceous lizards from Mongolia, p. 368–389. In Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unwin, D. M., and Kurochkin, E. N. (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Baur, G. 1890. On the characters and systematic position of the large sea lizards, Mosasauridae. Science, 16:262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, G. L. Jr. 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea, p. 293–332. In Callaway, J. M., and Nicholls, E. L. (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellairs, A. 1949. Observations on the snout of Varanus, and a comparison with that of other lizards and snakes. Journal of Anatomy, 83:116–146.Google Scholar
Bogert, C. M., and Del Campo, R. M. 1956. The Gila monster and its allies: the relationships, habits, and behavior of the lizards of the family Helodermatidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 109:1–238.Google Scholar
Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. 1983. The early phylogeny of Anguimorpha as implicated by craniological data. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 28:5–105.Google Scholar
Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. 1984. Anguimorphans and related lizards from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica, 46:5–105.Google Scholar
Boulenger, A. G. 1891. On the osteology of Heloderma horridum and H. suspectum, with remarks on the systematic position of the Helodermatidae and on the vertebrae of the Lacertilia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1891:109–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullet, P. 1941. Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Gebisses von Varanus salvator Laur. Vierteljahresschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 87:139–192.Google Scholar
Caldwell, M. W. 1999. Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 125:115–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caldwell, M. W. 2000. On the aquatic squamate Dolichosaurus longicollis Owen, 1850 (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous), and the evolution of elongate necks in squamates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20:720–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, R. L., and DeBraga, M. 1992. Aigialosaurs: mid-Cretaceous varanoid lizards. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 12:66–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, J. L. 2006a. Postcranial skeleton of Shinisaurus crocodilurus (Squamata: Anguimorpha). Journal of Morphology, Early View, online publication date Nov. 29: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/109801323/PDFSTART.Google Scholar
Conrad, J. L. 2006b. An Eocene shinisaurid (Reptilia, Squamata) from Wyoming, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, J. L. 2004a. Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141:399–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, J. L. 2004b. Re-analysis of anguimorph (Squamata: Reptilia) phylogeny with comments on some problematic taxa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24(suppl. 3):47A.Google Scholar
Conrad, J. L. 2005. Shinisaur Osteology and the Evolution of Squamata. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago, 682 p.Google Scholar
Dal Sasso, C., and Pinna, G. 1997. Aphanizocnemus libanensis n. gen n. sp., a new dolichosaur (Reptilia, Varanoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Lebanon. Paleontologia Lombarda, n.s. 7:1–31.Google Scholar
DeBraga, M., and Carroll, R. L. 1993. The origin of mosasaurs as a model of macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Evolutionary Biology, 27:245–322.Google Scholar
Estes, R. 1964. Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation eastern Wyoming. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 49:1–180.Google Scholar
Estes, R. 1983. Sauria Terrestria, Amphisbaenia. Gustav Fischer Verlag, New York, xxii+249 p.Google Scholar
Estes, R., de Queiroz, K., and Gauthier, J. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata, p. 119–281. In Estes, R. and Pregill, G. (eds.), Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families. Stanford University Press, Stanford.Google Scholar
Evans, S. E., and Barbadillo, L. J. 1998. An unusual lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 124:235–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filhol, H. 1876. Sur les reptiles des phosphorites du Quercy. Bulletin de la Société Philomatique de Paris, 11:27–28.Google Scholar
Frost, D. R., and Etheridge, R. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications, 81, 65 p.Google Scholar
Fürbringer, M. 1900. Zur vergleichenden Anatomie des Brustschulterapparates und der Schultermuskeln. Janaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft, 34:215–718.Google Scholar
Gao, K.-Q., and Fox, R. C. 1996. Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 33:1–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, K.-Q., and Nessov, L. A. 1998. Early Cretaceous squamates from the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 207:289–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, K.-Q., and Norell, M. A. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Carusia (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert and phylogenetic relationships of anguimorphan lizards. American Museum Novitates, 3230, 51 p.Google Scholar
Gao, K.-Q., and Norell, M. A. 2000. Taxonomic composition and systematics of Late Cretaceous lizard assemblages from Ukhaa Tolgod and adjacent localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 249:1–118.Google Scholar
Gauthier, J. A. 1982. Fossil xenosaurid and anguid lizards from the early Eocene Wasatch Formation, southeast Wyoming, and a revision of the Anguioidea. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, 21:7–54.Google Scholar
Gilmore, C. W. 1928. Fossil lizards of North America. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, 22, 201 p.Google Scholar
Gray, J. E. 1837. Helodermidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Pt. 5, 1837:132.Google Scholar
Hardwicke, T., and Gray, J. E. 1828. Synopsis of the species of saurian reptiles collected in India. Zoological Journal, 3:213.Google Scholar
Haubold, H. 1977. Zur Kenntnis der Sauria (Lacertilia) aus dem Eozän des Geiseltales, p. 107–122. In Matthes, H. H. and Thaler, B. (eds.), Eozäne Wirbeltiere des Geiseltales. Vol. 2. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge, Wittenberg.Google Scholar
Hoffstetter, R. 1957. Un saurien helodermatidé (Eurheloderma gallicum nov. gen. et sp.) dans la faune fossile des Phosphorites du Quercy. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7:775–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kearney, M. 2003. Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from recent fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs, 17:1–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. S. Y. 1997. The phylogeny of varanoid lizards and the affinities of snakes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 352:53–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. S. Y. 1998. Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: Towards a resolution of squamate relationships. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 65:369–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. S. Y. 2000. Soft anatomy, diffuse homoplasy, and the relationships of lizards and snakes. Zoologica Scripta, 29:101–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. S. Y., and Caldwell, M. W. 2000. Adriosaurus and the affinities of mosasaurs, dolichosaurs, and snakes. Journal of Paleontology, 74:915–937.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDowell, S. B. Jr., and Bogert, C. M. 1954. The systematic position of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 105:1–142.Google Scholar
Merrem, B. 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis Amphibiorum. Krieger, Marburg, vi+191 p.Google Scholar
Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae). Zweiter Teil: Der Schädel. Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 465:117–234.Google Scholar
Norell, M., and Gao, K.-Q. 1997. Braincase and phylogenetic relationships of Estesia mongoliensis from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert and the recognition of a new clade of lizards. American Museum Novitates, 3211, 25 p.Google Scholar
Norell, M., McKenna, M. C., and Novacek, M. J. 1992. Estesia mongoliensis, a new fossil varanoid from the Late Cretaceous Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates, 3045, 24 p.Google Scholar
Nydam, R. L. 2000. A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20:285–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, R. 1850. Description of the fossil reptiles from the Chalk Formation, p. 378–404. In Dixon, F. (ed.), The Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex. Longman, Brown, Green and Longman, London.Google Scholar
Pomel, A. 1843. Notes sur les animaux fossiles découverts dans le département de l'Allier. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, (2)4:378–385.Google Scholar
Pregill, G. K., Gauthier, J. A., and Greene, H. W. 1986. The evolution of helodermatid squamates, with description of a new taxon and an overview of Varanoidea. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 21:167–202.Google Scholar
Rieppel, O. 1980a. The Phylogeny of Anguinomorph Lizards. Denkschriften der schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Birkhäuser, Basel, 86 p.Google Scholar
Rieppel, O. 1980b. The postcranial skeleton of Lanthanotus borneensis (Reptilia, Lacertilia). Amphibia-Reptilia, 1:95–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieppel, O., and Zaher, H. 2000. The intramandibular joint in squamates, and the phylogenetic relationships of the fossil snake Pachyrhachis problematicus Haas. Fieldiana (Geology), n.s. 43, 69 p.Google Scholar
Schwenk, K. 1988. Comparative morphology of the lepidosaur tongue and its relevance to squamate phylogeny, p. 569–597. In Estes, R., and Pregill, G. (eds.), Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families. Stanford University Press, Stanford.Google Scholar
Steindachner, F. 1878. Über zwei neue Eidechsen-Arten aus Süd-Amerika und Borneo. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Wien, 38:93–96.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. 2001. PAUP. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1829. Berichtigung einiger Fehler in meinem Auffsatze Beiträge zur Amphibienkunde. Isis (Oken), 22:624–627.Google Scholar
Wu, X.-C., Brinkman, D. B., and Russell, A. P. 1996. Sineoamphisbaena hexatabularis, an amphisbaenian (Diapsida: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu (Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China), and comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the Amphisbaenia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33:541–577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yatkola, D. A. 1976. Fossil Heloderma (Reptilia, Helodermatidae). University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Occasional Papers, 51, 14 p.Google Scholar
Zaher, H., and Rieppel, O. 1999. Tooth implantation and replacement in squamates, with special reference to mosasaur lizards and snakes. American Museum Novitates, 327, 19 p.Google Scholar