Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-05T02:36:37.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Myzostome deformation on arms of the Early Jurassic crinoid Balanocrinus gracilis (Charlesworth)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Hans Hess*
Affiliation:
Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland,

Abstract

Myzostome galls on arms of the Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) Balanocrinus gracilis provide the first unequivocal evidence of such parasitic infestation in a post-Paleozoic crinoid.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I. and Simms, M. J. 1999. Ecology and ecologal interactions, p. 5559. In Hess, H., Ausich, W. I., Brett, C. E. and Simms, M. J., Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleidorn, C., Eeckhaut, I., Podsiadlowski, L., Schult, N., Mchugh, D., Halanych, K. M., Milinkovitch, M. C., and Tiedemann, R. 2007. Mitochondrial genome and nuclear sequence data support Myzostomida as part of the annelid radiation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24:16901701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blumenbach, J. F. 1802-1804. Abbildungen naturhistorischer Gegenstände, pt. 7, no. 70, 4 p., Göttingen.Google Scholar
Brett, C. E. 1985. Tremichnus, a new ichnogenus of circular-parabolic pits in fossil echinoderms. Journal of Paleontology, 59:6225–635.Google Scholar
Carpenter, P. H. 1882. Report on the results of dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-1878) and the Caribbean Sea (1878-1879) by the U.S. Coast Survey steamer “Blake,” Lieut.-Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XVIII: The stalked crinoids of the Caribbean Sea. Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Bulletin, 10(4), 1882:165181.Google Scholar
Carpenter, P. H. 1884. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-1876, Zoology, vol. 11, pt. 32, Report on the Crinoidea – The stalked crinoids, 442 p.Google Scholar
Carpenter, P. H. 1888. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-1876, Zoology, vol. 26, pt. 60, Report on the Crinoidea, Second part – Comatulae, 400 p.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, E. 1847. New species of Pentacrinus in the Lias of Yorkshire. London Geological Journal, 2:98.Google Scholar
Clark, A. H. 1921. A monograph of the existing crinoids. Unites States National Museum, Bulletin 82:1, The comatulids, pt. 2, p. 1-795.Google Scholar
Clarke, J. M. 1921. Organic dependence and disease: their origin and significance. Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Vol. 221-222 (for 1919):5682.Google Scholar
Eeckhaut, I. 1998. Mycomyzostoma calcidicola gen. nov., sp. nov., the first extant parasitic myzostomid infesting crinoid stalks, with a nomenclatural appendix by M. J. Grygier. Species Diversity, 3:89103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eeckhaut, I. and Améziane-Cominardi, N. 1994. Structural description of three myzostomes parasites of crinoids and the skeletal deformations they induce in their hosts, p. 203209. In Davis, B., Guille, A., Féral, J. P. and Roux, M., Echinoderms through time. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Eeckhaut, I. and Jangoux, M. 1993. Life cycle and mode of infestation of Myzostoma cirriferum (Annelida), a symbiontic myzostomid of the comatulid Antedon bifida (Echinodermata). Diseases of aquatic Organisms, 15:207217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrenberg, K. 1933. Über eine bemerkenswerte Crinoidenstiel-Deformität. Palaeobiologica, 5:201210.Google Scholar
Feldman, H. R. and Brett, C. E. 1998. Epi- and endobiotic organisms on Late Jurassic columns from the Negev Desert, Israel: Implications for co-evolution. Lethaia, 31:5771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, D. W. 1962. Small conoidal shells of uncertain affinity, p. W98W143. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Pt. W, Miscellana. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Gislén, T. 1924. Echinoderm studies. Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala, 9, 316 p.Google Scholar
Graff, L. von. 1877. Das Genus Myzostoma (Leuckart, F. S.). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 p.Google Scholar
Graff, L. von. 1884. Report on the Myzostomida collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-1876. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-1876, Zoology, vol. 10, part 27, 82 p.Google Scholar
Graff, L. von. 1885. Über einige Deformitäten an fossilen Crinoiden. Palaeontographica, 31:183191.Google Scholar
Graff, L. von. 1887. Report on the Myzostomida (Supplement) collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-1876, Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-1876, Zoology, vol. 20, part 61, 16 p.Google Scholar
Grygier, M. J. 2000. Class Myzostomida, p. 297329. In Beasley, P. I., Ross, G. J. B. and Glasby, C. J., Polychaetes & Allies: The southern Synthesis, Fauna of Australia, vol. 4A.Google Scholar
Hess, H. 1951. Ein neuer Crinoide aus dem mittleren Dogger der Nordschweiz (Paracomatula helvetica n. gen. n. sp.). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 43:208216.Google Scholar
Hess, H. 1999a. Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of southern Germany, p. 183196. In Hess, H., Ausich, W. I., Brett, C. E. and Simms, M. J., Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, H. 1999b. Middle Jurassic of northern Switzerland, p. 203215. In Hess, H., Ausich, W. I., Brett, C. E. and Simms, M. J., Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyman, L. H. 1955. The Invertebrates. Vol. 4: Echinodermata, The Coelomate Bilateria. McGraw-Hill, 763 p.Google Scholar
Jägersten, G. 1940. Zur Kenntnis der Morphologie, Entwicklung und Taxonomie der Myzostomida. Nova acta Regiae societatis scientiarum Upsaliensis, ser. 4, 11(8):184.Google Scholar
Jangoux, M. 1987. Diseases of Echinodermata. III. Agents metazoans (Annelida to Pisces). Diseases of aquatic Organisms, 3:5983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klikushin, V. G. 1996. Late Jurassic crinoids from Sudak environs (Crimea). Palaeontographica, A, 238:97151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanterbecq, D., Rouse, G. W., Milinkovitch, M. C. and Eeckhaut, I. 2006. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent emergences of parasitisn in Myzostomida (Protostomia). Systematic Biology, 55:208227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leuckart, F. S. 1827. Versuch einer naturgemässen Eintheilung der Helminthen, nebst … Heidelberg and Leipzig, 90 p. (Myzostomum on p. 24).Google Scholar
Meyer, D. L. and Ausich, W. I. 1983. Biotic interactions among recent and fossil crinoids, p. 377427. In Tevesz, M. J. S. and McGall, P. L., Biotic interactions in recent and fossil benthic communities. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. S. 1821. A natural history of the Crinoidea or lily-shaped animals, with observation on the genera Asteria, Euryale, Comatula, and Marsupites. Bryan & Co., Bristol, 150 p.Google Scholar
Müller, K. J., Nogami, Y. and Lenz, H. 1974. Phosphatische Ringe als Mikrofossilien im Altpaläozoikum. Palaeontographica, A, 146:7999.Google Scholar
Nichols, D. 1996. Evidence for a sacrificial response to predation in the reproductive strategy of the comatulid crinoid Antedon bifida from the English Channel. Oceanologica Acta, 19:237240.Google Scholar
Perrier, E. 1897. Traité de Zoologie, fasc. 4. Masson, Paris. 2138 p.Google Scholar
Prenant, M. 1959. Classe des Myzostomides, p. 714784. In Grassé, P. P., Traité de Zoologie 5(1). Masson, Paris.Google Scholar
Radwańska, U. and Radwański, A. 2005. Myzostomid and copepod infestation of Jurassic echinoderms: A general approach, some new occurrences, and/or re-interpretation of previous reports. Acta Geologica Polonica, 55(2):109130.Google Scholar
Rouse, G. W. 2003. Encounter 2002 expedition to the Isles of St Francis, South Australia: Myzostoma australe (Myzostomida), a new crinoid associated worm from South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of S. Australia, 127:265268.Google Scholar
Simms, M. J. 1989. British Lower Jurassic crinoids. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London. Publ. No. 581, part of vol. 142 for 1998. 103 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simms, M. J. 1999. Pentacrinites from the Lower Jurassic of the Dorset Coast of southern England, p. 177182. In Hess, H., Ausich, W. I., Brett, C. E. and Simms, M. J., Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stummer-Traunfels, R. R. von. 1926. Myzostomida, p. 132210. In W. Kükenthal, Handbuch der Zoologie 3(1).Google Scholar
Thuy, B.(in press): Exceptionally well preserved brittle stars from the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic). Palaeontology.Google Scholar
Warn, J. M. 1974. Presumed myzostomid infestation of an Ordovician crinoid. Journal of Paleontology, 48:506513.Google Scholar
Welch, J. R. 1976. Phosphannulus on Paleozoic crinoid stems. Journal of Paleontology, 50:218225.Google Scholar