Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T22:20:00.292Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Late Miocene−early Pliocene rodents and lagomorphs (Mammalia) from the southern part of Çankırı Basin, Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2018

Sevket Sen ,
Levent Karadenizli ,
Pierre-Olivier Antoine  and
Gerçek Saraç
Sevket Sen
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Université, CR2P-UMR 7202 CNRS-MNHN, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France 〈[email protected]〉
Levent Karadenizli
Affiliation:
MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, Jeoloji Etüdleri Dairesi, Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupınar Bulvarı, TR-06800, Çankaya-Ankara, Turkey 〈[email protected]〉
Pierre-Olivier Antoine
Affiliation:
Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS/UM/EPHE, UR226 IRD, c.c. 64, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France 〈[email protected]〉
Gerçek Saraç
Affiliation:
Sunar Sokak No:3/3 Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey 〈[email protected]〉
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Three localities in the Çankırı Basin—Kale Tepe 1 (KT1), Kale Tepe 2 (KT2), and Mahmutlar—yielded reliably documented rodent and lagomorph assemblages. These are in the Akkaşdağı Formation, which covers large areas in the central and southern parts of this basin in Central Anatolia. The widening of the Kirikkale-Çorum highway produced fresh outcrops that allowed for the discovery of fossiliferous levels in a well-controlled stratigraphy. The assemblages from all three localities are dominated by muroid rodents (Apodemus gorafensis Ruiz Bustos et al., 1984; A. gudrunae van de Weerd, 1976; A. dominans Kretzoi, 1959; Micromys sp. indet.; Allocricetus sp. indet.; Pseudomeriones sp. indet.; Cricetidae gen. indet. sp. indet.; Mimomys sp. indet.) in addition to a glirid (Dryomimus cf. D. eliomyoides Kretzoi, 1959), an eomyid (Keramidomys aff. K. ermannorum Daxner-Höck and Höck, 2009), two ochotonids (Prolagus sorbinii Masini, 1989; Ochotonoma sp. indet.) and one leporid. KT1 and KT2 yielded two large species of Apodemus (A. gorafensis; A. gudrunae) that are typical for the late Miocene/early Pliocene transition in southern Europe, and they are known in Greece and Turkey in localities dated to the latest Miocene, i.e., MN 13 mammalian zone. The occurrence of A. dominans and a rooted arvicolid similar to Mimomys davakosi van de Weerd, 1979 suggests correlation of Mahmutlar to the early Pliocene, or early MN 15 zone. An abundance of muroid rodents in these assemblages indicates woodlands and areas covered by grasses and shrubs, whereas early Pliocene deposits at Mahmutlar provided pollen of abundant herbaceous and shrub elements. Most rodents and lagomorphs from Kale Tepe and Mahmutlar are known in southern European bioprovinces, whereas some elements (Pseudomeriones Schaub, 1934; Ochotonoma Sen, 1998) indicate Asiatic affinities.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 93 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 173 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbazzi, L. , Benvenuti, M. , Ceci, M.E. , Esu, D. , Faranda, C. , Rook, L. , and Tangocci, F. , 2008, The end of the Lago-Mare time in the SE Valdelsa Basin (central Italy): interference between local tectonism and regional sea-level rise: Geodiversitas, v. 30, p. 611–639.Google Scholar
Aguilar, J.-P. , Calvet, M. and Michaux, J. , 1995, Les rongeurs du gisement karstique Miocène supérieur de Castelnou 1 (Pyrénées-Orientales, France): Geobios, v. 28, p. 501–510.Google Scholar
Aguilar, J.-P. , Clauzon, G. , and Michaux, J. , 1989, La limite Mio-Pliocène dans le Sud de la France d’après les faunes de rongeurs; état de la question et remarques sur les datations à l’aide des rongeurs: Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, v. 28, p. 137–145.Google Scholar
Albayrak, E. , 2017, A new primitive elephantid from Turkey: Quaternary International, v. 445, p. 43–49, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.029.Google Scholar
Allen, G.M. , 1928, A new cricetine genus from China: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 9, p. 244–246.Google Scholar
Angelone, C. , 2007, Messinian Prolagus (Ochotonidae, Lagomorpha) of Italy: Geobios, v. 40, p. 407–421, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.04.004.Google Scholar
Angelone, C. , and Cavallo, O. , 2010, A new look to Prolagus (Ochotonidae, Lagomorpha) from the late Messinian of Ciabot Cagna (Piedmont, NW Italy): Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 116, p. 267–270.Google Scholar
Angelone, C. , and Rook, L. , 2011, Alilepus meini n. sp., a new leporid (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) from the early Messinian of Tuscany (central western Italy): Geobios, v. 44, p. 151–156, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2010.11.003.Google Scholar
Angelone, C. , and Rook, L. , 2012, Late Neogene and Quaternary lagomorphs from Tuscany: a revision based on specimens in Basel Naturhistorisches Museum and Florence University collections: Swiss Journal of Geosciences, v. 131, p. 127–145, doi:10.1007/s13358-011-0035-2.Google Scholar
Antoine, P.-O. , Karadenizli, L. , Saraç, G. , and Sen, S. , 2008, A giant rhinocerotoid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Oligocene of north-central Anatolia (Turkey): Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 152, p. 581–592, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00366.x.Google Scholar
Argyropulo, A.I. , 1933, Die Gattungen und Arten der Hamster (Cricetinae Murray, 1866) der Paläarktic: Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, v. 8, p. 129–149.Google Scholar
Averianov, A.O. , and Tesakov, A.S. , 1997, Evolutionary trends in Mio-Pliocene Leporinae, based on Trischizolagus (Mammalia, Lagomorpha): Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 71, p. 145–153.Google Scholar
Baudelot, S. 1972, Etude des chiroptères, insectivores et rongeurs du Miocène de Sansan (Gers) [Ph.D. dissertation]: Toulouse, France, Toulouse University, 364 p.Google Scholar
Black, C.C. , Kristalka, L. , and Solounias, N. , 1980, Mammalian fossils of Samos and Pikermi, Part 1, The Turolian rodents and insectivores of Samos: Annals of the Carnegie Museum, v. 49, p. 359–378.Google Scholar
Bolliger, T. , 1992, Kleinsäugerstratigraphie in der lithologischen Abfolge der miozänen Hörnlischüttung (Ostschweiz) von MN3 bis MN7: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 85, p. 961–1000.Google Scholar
Bowdich, T.E. , 1821, An Analysis of the Natural Classifications of Mammalia for the Use of Students and Travelers: Paris, J. Smith, 115 p.Google Scholar
Brandt, J.F. , 1855, Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Säugethiere Russland’s: Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Saint Petersburg, Mémoires Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles, v. 7, p. 1–365.Google Scholar
Cerling, T.E. , Harris, J.M. , MacFadden, B.J. , Leakey, M.G. , Quade, J. , Eisenmann, V. , and Ehleringer, J.R. , 1997, Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary: Nature, v. 389, p. 153–158.Google Scholar
Čermák, S. , 2007, New finds of Ochotonoma csarnotana (Lagomorpha, Ochotonidae) from the Pliocene of Hungary: a new look on the species: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, v. 246, p. 247–256, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0246-0247.Google Scholar
Čermák, S. and Wagner, J. , 2013, The Pliocene record of Trischizolagus and Pliopentalagus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha, Mammalia) in central Europe, with comments on taxonomy and evolutionary history of Leporinae: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, v. 268, p. 97–111.Google Scholar
Colombero, S. , Bonelli, E. , Kotsakis, T. , Pavia, G. , Pavia, M. , and Carnevale, G. , 2013, Late Messinian rodents from Verduno (Piedmont, NW Italy): biochronological, paleoecological and paleobiogeographic implications: Geobios, v. 46, p. 111–125, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.10.007.Google Scholar
Colombero, S. , Pavia, G. , and Carnevale, G. , 2014a, Messinian rodents from Moncucco Torinese, NW Italy: palaeobiodiversity and biochronology: Geodiversitas, v. 36, p. 421–475, doi:10.5252/g2014n3a4.Google Scholar
Colombero, S. , Angelone, C. , Bonelli, E. , Carnevale, G. , Cavallo, O. , Delfino, M. , Guintelli, P. , Mazza, P. , Pavia, G. , Pavia, M. and Repetto, G. , 2014b, The upper Messinan assemblages of fossil vertebrate remains of Verduno (NW Italy): another brick for a latest Miocene bridge across the Mediterranean: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, v. 272, p. 287–324, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0408.Google Scholar
Cuenca-Bescos, G. , 2003, Análisis filogenético de Allocricetus del Pleistoceno (Cricetidae, Rodentia, Mammalia): Coloquios de Paleontología, v. ext. 1, p. 95–113.Google Scholar
Daams, R. , 1981, The dental pattern of the dormice Dryomys, Myomimus, Microdyromys and Peridyromys : Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin, Special Publication, v. 3, p. 1–115.Google Scholar
Danford, C.G. , and Alston, E.R. , 1877, On the mammals of Asia Minor: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 18, p. 270–281.Google Scholar
Daxner-Höck, G. , 1992, Die Cricetinae aus dem Obermiozän von Maramena (Mazedonien, Nordgriechenland): Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 6, p. 331–367.Google Scholar
Daxner-Höck, G. , and Höck, E. , 2009, New data on Eomyidae and Gliridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Austria: Annalen des Naturhistorische Museum in Wien, v. 111A, p. 375–444.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , 1995a, Sciuridae, Petauristidae and Eomyidae (Rodentia, Mammalia), in Schmidt-Kittler, N., ed., The Vertebrate Locality Maramena (Macedonia, Greece) at the Turolian-Ruscinian Boundary (Neogene): Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Ser. A, v. 28, p. 87–102.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , 1995b, Lagomorpha (Mammalia), in Schmidt-Kittler, N., ed., The Vertebrate Locality Maramena (Macedonia, Greece) at the Turolian-Ruscinian Boundary (Neogene): Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Ser. A, v. 28, p. 133–136.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , and Saraç, G. , 1991, Early Miocene rodent faunas from the eastern Mediterranean area, Part 1, The genus Eumyarion: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Proceedings, v. B 94, p. 1–36.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , and Saraç, G. , 1992, Early Miocene rodent faunas from the eastern Mediterranean area, Part 2, Mirabella (Paracricetodontinae, Muroidea): Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Proceedings, v. B 95, p. 25–40.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , Dawson, M.R. , and Mein, P. , 1970, Upper Pliocene Rodentia, Lagomorpha and Insectivora (Mammalia) from the isle of Rhodes (Greece): Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Proceedings, v. B 73, p. 535–584.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , Fahlbusch, V. , Saraç, G. , and Ünay, E. , 1993, Early Miocene rodent faunas from the eastern Mediterranean area, Part III, The genera Deperetomys and Critetodon with a discussion of the evolutionary history of the Cricetodontini: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Proceedings, v. B 96, p. 151–216.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , Saraç, G. , van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. , and Roussiakis, S. , 1999, The status of the genus name Parapodemus Schaub, 1938; new data bearing on an old controversy, in Reumer, J.W.F., and De Vos, J., eds., Elephants Have a Snorkel! Papers in Honour of Paul Y. Sondaar: Deinsea, v. 7, p. 95–112.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , Doukas, C.S. , van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. , and Zachariasse, W.J. , 2012, New finds of rodents and insectivores from the upper Miocene at Plakias (Crete, Greece): Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, v. 131, p. 61–75, doi:10.1007/s13358-011-0030-7.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, H. , Ünay, E. , and Hordijk, K. , 2013, A review of the Neogene succession of the Muridae and Dipodidae from Anatolia with special reference to taxa known from Asia and/or Europe, in Wang, X., Flynn, L.J., and Fortelius, M., eds., Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology: New York, Columbia University Press, p. 564–580, doi:10.7312/Columbia/9780231150125.003.0026.Google Scholar
de Marfa, R. , 2009, Els Lagomorphs (O. Lagomorpha, Cl. Mammalia) del Pliocè I el Pleistocè Europeus [Ph.D. dissertation]: Barcelona, Spain, Universitat de Barcelona, 206 p.Google Scholar
de Marfa, R. , and Mein, P. , 2007, Révision d’Oryctolagus lacosti (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) du Pliocène supérieur de Perrier (Auvergne, France): Comptes Rendus Palevol, v. 6, p. 327–334, doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2007.05.003.Google Scholar
Dehne, I.F.A. , 1841, Micromys agilis, Kleinmaus, ein neues Säugethier der Fauna von Dresden: Dresden, Germany, Hoflößnitz bei Dresden, 12 p.Google Scholar
Delinschi, A. , 2013, New dormice records (Rodentia: Gliridae) from the late Miocene of the Republic of Moldova: Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, v. 56, p. 13–28, doi:10.3409/azc.56_2.13.Google Scholar
Delinschi, A. , 2014, Late Miocene lagomorphs from the Republic of Moldova: Annales de Paléontologie, v. 100, p. 157–163, doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2013.10.004.Google Scholar
Depéret, C. , and Douxami, H. , 1902, Les vertébrés oligocènes de Pyrimont—challonges (Savoie): Abhandlungen der Schweizer Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, v. 29, p. 1–90.Google Scholar
Dice, L.R. , 1931, Alilepus, a new name to replace Allolagus Dice, preoccupied, and notes on several species of fossil hares: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 12, p. 159–160.Google Scholar
Engesser, B. , 1972, Die obermiozäne Säugetierfauna von Anwil (Baselland): Tätigkeitsberichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Baselland, v. 28, p. 37–363.Google Scholar
Erdogan, B. , Akay, E. , and Ugur, M.S. , 1996, Geology of the Yozgat region and evolution of the collisional Çankiri Basin: International Geology Review, v. 38, p. 788–806.Google Scholar
Eronen, J.T. , and Rook, L. , 2004, The Mio-Pliocene European primate fossil record: dynamics and habitat tracking: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 47, p. 323–341, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.08.003.Google Scholar
Erten, H. , and Görmüs, M. , 2011, Türkiye Neojen küçük memelileri: SDUGEO, v. 2, p. 8–14.Google Scholar
Fahlbusch, V. , 1964, Die Cricetiden (Mammalia) der Oberen Süsswasser-Molasse Bayerns: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abhandlungen, Neue Folge, v. 118, p. 1–136.Google Scholar
Fahlbusch, V. , 1969, Pliozäne und Pleistozäne Cricetinae (Rodentia, Mammalia) aus Polen: Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, v. 14, p. 99–138.Google Scholar
Fahlbusch, V. , 1975, Die Eomyiden (Rodentia, Mammalia) der Oberen Süsswasser-Molasse Bayerns: Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, v. 15, p. 63–90.Google Scholar
Falconer, H. , and Cautley, P.T. , 1845, Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, being the fossil zoology of the Sewalik Hills, in the north of India: Elephant and mastodon: London, Smith, Elder and Company, 64 p.Google Scholar
Fejfar, O. , and Storch, G. , 1990, Eine Pliozäne (ober-Ruscinische) Kleinsäugerfauna aus Gundersheim, Rheinhessen—1, Nagetiere: Mammalia, Rodentia: Senckenbergiana Lethaea, v. 71, p. 139–184.Google Scholar
Fischer de Waldheim, G. 1817, Adversaria zoologica: Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes Moscou, v. 5, p. 357–471.Google Scholar
Fortelius, M. , Eronen, J. , Liu, L. , Pushkina, D. , Tesakov, A. , Vislobokova, I. , and Zhang, Z. , 2006, Late Miocene and Pliocene large land mammals and climatic changes in Eurasia: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 238, p. 219–227, doi:10.1016/jpalaeo.2006.03.042.Google Scholar
Freudenthal, M. , Mein, P. , and Martín-Suárez, E. , 1998, Revision of late Miocene and Pliocene Cricetinae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Spain and France: Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona, v. 7, p. 11–93.Google Scholar
García-Alix, A. , Minwer-Barakat, R. , Martín-Suárez, E. , and Freudenthal, M. , 2008, Muridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Mio-Pliocene boundary in the Granada Basin (southern Spain): biostratigraphic and phylogenetic implications: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, v. 248, p. 183–215, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0248-0183.Google Scholar
Geraads, D. , 1998, Biogeography of circum-Mediterranean Miocene-Pliocene rodents: a revision using factor analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 137, p. 273–288.Google Scholar
Görür, N. , and Tüysüz, O. , 2001, Cretaceous to Miocene palaeogeographic evolution of Turkey: implications for hydrocarbon potential: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 24, p. 119–146, doi:10.1111/j.1747-5457.2001.tb00664.x.Google Scholar
Görür, N. , Tüysüz, O. , and Şengör, A.M.C. , 1998, Tectonic evolution of the Central Anatolian basins: International Geology Review, v. 40, p. 831–850.Google Scholar
Gradstein, F.M. , Ogg, J.G. , Schmitz, M.D. , and Ogg, G. , eds., 2012, The Geologic Time Scale 2012: Boston, Elsevier, 1176 p.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E. , 1821, On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals: London Medical Repository, v. 15, p. 296–310.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E. , 1825, Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe: Annals of Philosophy, n.s., ser. 2, v. 10, p. 337–344.Google Scholar
Güleç, E. , Begun, D.R. , and Geraads, D. , eds., 2003, Geology and vertebrate paleontology of the middle Miocene hominoid locality Çandir (Central Anatolia, Turkey): Courier Forschunginstitut Senckenberg, v. 240, p. 1–265.Google Scholar
Güleç, E. , Sevim, A. , Pehlevan, C. , and Kaya, F. , 2007, A new great ape from the late Miocene of Turkey: Anthropological Sciences, v. 115, p. 153–158, doi:10.1537/ase.070501.Google Scholar
Gureev, A.A. , 1964, [Fauna of the USSR (Lagomorpha)]: Nauka, v. 3, no. 10, p. 1–276 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Hartenberger, J.-L. , 1966, Les rongeurs du Vallésien (Miocène supérieur) de Can Llobateres (Sabadell, Espagne): Gliridae et Eomyidae: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. S7-VIII, p. 596–604.Google Scholar
Heller, F. , 1936, Eine Forest Bed-Fauna aus der Schwäbischen Alb: Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 1936, p. 1–29.Google Scholar
Hellmund, M. , and Ziegler, R. , 2012, A Ruscinian mammalian microfauna from a fissure filling near Sondershausen (Thuringia, central Germany): Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, v. 131, p. 77–94, doi:10.1007/s13358-011-0019-2.Google Scholar
Hilgen, F.J. , Lourens, L.J. , and van Dam, J.A. , 2012, The Neogene Period, in Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M., Ogg, G., eds., The Geologic Time Scale 2012: Boston, Elsevier, p. 923–978.Google Scholar
Horacek, I. , Knitlova, M. , Wagner, J. , Kordos, L. , and Nadachowski, A. , 2013, Late Cenozoic history of the genus Micromys (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Central Europe. PLoS ONE, v. 8: e62498, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062498.Google Scholar
Hordijk, K. , and de Bruijn, H. , 2009, The succession of rodent faunas from the Mio/Pliocene lacustrine deposits of the Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin (Greece): Hellenic Journal of Geosciences, v. 44, p. 21–103.Google Scholar
Hugueney, M. , and Mein, P. , 1968, Les Eomyidés (Mammalia, Rodentia) néogènes de la région lyonnaise: Geobios, v. 1, p. 187–204.Google Scholar
Huvaz, O. , 2009, Comparative petroleum systems analysis of the interior basins of Turkey: implications for petroleum potential: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, p. 1656–1676, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.05.002.Google Scholar
Illiger, C.D. , 1811, Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium Additis Terminis Zoographicis Uttriusque Classis: Berlin, Salfeld, 301 pp.Google Scholar
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), 1999, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th edition: London, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, 306 p.Google Scholar
Karadenizli, L. , 1999, Çankırı-Çorum Havzasındaki Orta Eosen-Erken Miyosen Tortullarının Sedimantolojisi [Ph.D. dissertation]: Ankara, Turkey, Ankara University, 251 p. (in Turkish with English abstract).Google Scholar
Karadenizli, L. , 2011, Oligocene to Pliocene palaeogeographic evolution of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey: Sedimentary Geology, v. 237, p. 1–29, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.01.008.Google Scholar
Karadenizli, L. , Seyitoğlu, G. , Sen, S. , Arnaud, N. , Kazancı, N. , Saraç, G. , and Alçiçek, C. , 2005, Mammal bearing late Miocene tuffs of the Akkaşdağı region: distribution, age, petrographical and geochemical characteristics, in Sen, S., ed., Geology, Mammals and Environments at Akkaşdağı, Late Miocene of Central Anatolia: Geodiversitas, v. 27, p. 553–566.Google Scholar
Karadenizli, L. , Varol, B.E. , Saraç, G. , and Gedik, F. , 2016, Late Eocene-early Miocene palaeogeographic evolution of central eastern Anatolian basins, the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and continental collision: Journal Geological Society of India, v. 88, p. 773–798, doi:/10.1007/s12594-016-0545-z.Google Scholar
Kaup, J. , 1829, Skizzirte Entwikelungs-Geschichte und Naturliches System der Europaischen Thierwelt, Volume 1: Darmstadt un Leipzig, In Commission bei Carl Wilhelm Leste, 203 p.Google Scholar
Kaymakçı, N. , 2000, Tectono-stratigraphical evolution of the Çankırı Basin (Central Anatolia Turkey): Geologia Ultraiectina, v. 190, p. 1–247.Google Scholar
Kaymakçı, N. , White, S.H. , and Van Dijk, P.M. , 2003a, Kinematic and structural development of the Çankiri Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): a paleostress inversion study: Tectonophysics, v. 364, p. 85–113, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00043-X.Google Scholar
Kaymakçı, N. , Duermeijer, C.E. , Langereis, C. , White, S.H. , and Van Dijk, P.M. , 2003b, Oroclinal bending due to indentation: a paleomagnetic study for the early Cenozoic evolution of the Çankiri Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): Geological Magazine, v. 140, p. 343–355.Google Scholar
Kaymakçı, N. , Özçelik, Y. , White, S.H. , and Van Dijk, P.M. , 2009, Tectono-stratigraphy of the Çankırı Basin: Late Cretaceous to early Miocene evolution of the Neotethyan Suture Zone in Turkey, in Van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Edwards, M.A., and Govers, R., eds, Collision and Collapse at the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia Subduction Zone: The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 311, p. 67–106, doi:10.1144/SP311.3.Google Scholar
Kaymakçı, N. , Özmutlu, S. , Van Dijk, P.M. , and Özçelik, Y. , 2010, Surface and subsurface characteristics of the Çankırı Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): integration of remote sensing, seismic interpretation and gravity: Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 19, p. 79–100, doi:10.3906/yer-0807-3.Google Scholar
Kayseri-Özer, M.S. , Karadenizli, L. , Akgün, F. , Oyal, N. , Saraç, G. , Sen, S. , Tunoglu, C. , and Tuncer, A. , 2016, Palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental interpretations of the late Oligocene, late Miocene-early Pliocene in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 467, p. 16–36, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.022.Google Scholar
Kazancı, N. , Sen, S. , Seyitoğlu, G. , Bonis, L. de, Bouvrain, G. , Araz, H. , Varol, B. , and Karadenizli, L. , 1999, Geology of a new late Miocene mammal locality in Central Anatolia, Turkey: Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes, v. 329, p. 503–510.Google Scholar
Kazancı, N. , Karadenizli, L. , Seyitoğlu, G. , Sen, S. , Alçiçek, M.C. , Varol, B. , Saraç, G. , and Hakyemez, Y. , 2005, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Neogene mammal bearing deposits in the Akkaşdağı area, Turkey, in Sen, S., ed., Geology, Mammals and Environments at Akkaşdağı, Late Miocene of Central Anatolia: Geodiversitas, v. 27, no. 4, p. 527–551.Google Scholar
Koçyiğit, A. , 1991, An example of an accretionary forearc basin from northern Central Anatolia and its implications for the history of subduction of Neo-Tethys in Turkey: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 22–36.Google Scholar
Kostopoulos, D.S. , 2009, The Pikermian Event: temporal and spatial resolution of the Turolian large mammal fauna in SE Europe: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 274, p. 82–95, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.12.020.Google Scholar
Koufos, G.D. , 2013, Neogene mammal biostratigraphy and chronology of Greece, in Wang, X., Flynn, L.J. and Fortelius, M., eds., Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology: New York, Columbia University Press, p. 595–621, doi:10.7312/columbia/9780231150125.003.0028.Google Scholar
Koufos, G.D. , 2016, Neogene and Quaternary continental biostratigraphy of Greece based on mammals: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, v. 50, p. 1–10.Google Scholar
Koufos, G.D. , and Vasileiadou, K. , 2015, Miocene/Pliocene mammal faunas of southern Balkans: implications for biostratigraphy and palaeoecology: Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironments, v. 95, p. 285–303, doi:10.1007/s12549-015-0201-4.Google Scholar
Kretzoi, М. , 1955, Promimomys cor n. g. n. sp., ein altertümlicher Arvicolide aus dem Ungarischen Altpleistozän: Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarium Hungaricae, v. 3, p. 89−94.Google Scholar
Kretzoi, M. , 1959, Insectivoren, Nagetiere und Lagomorphen der jüngstpliozänen fauna von Csarnóta im Villanyer Gebirge (Südungarn): Vertebrata Hungarica, v. 1, p. 237–246.Google Scholar
Kretzoi, M. , 1962, Fauna und Faunenhorizont von Csarnóta: Annual Report of the Hungarian Geological Institute for 1959, p. 297–395.Google Scholar
Kryštufek, B. , Vohralík, V. , and Janžekovič, F. , 2009, Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus: Rodentia II: Cricetinae, Muridae, Spalacidae, Calomyscidae, Capromyidae, Hystricidae, Castoridae: Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno Središče Koper, Založba Annales, p. 1–372.Google Scholar
Lartet, E. , 1851, Notice sur la colline de Sansan: Auch, France, J.A. Portes, 45 p.Google Scholar
Leske, N.G. , 1779, Anfangsgründe der Naturgeschichte, 1, Allgemeine Natur-und Tiergeschichte: Leipzig, Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius, 560 p.Google Scholar
Li, Q. , Stidham, T.A. , Ni, X. , and Li, L. , 2018, Two new Pliocene hamsters (Cricetidae, Rodentia) from southwestern Tibet (China), and their implications for rodent dispersal ‘into Tibet’: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 37, no. 6, e1403443, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1403443.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. , 1758, Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae (tenth edition), Volume 1, Regnum Animale: Stockholm, Laurentii Salvii, 824 p.Google Scholar
López Mártínez, N. , 1989, Revision sistematica y biostratigrafica de los Lagomorpha (Mammalia) de Terciario y Cuaternario de Espana: Memorias del Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza, v. 3, p. 1–350.Google Scholar
López Mártínez, N. , and Thaler, L. , 1975, Biogéographie, évolution et compléments à la systématique du groupe d’Ochotonidés Piezodus-Prolagus (Mammalia, Lagomorpha): Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 7, p. 850–866.Google Scholar
Major, C.J.F. , 1889, Arvicola pliocaenica, in Weithofer, K.A., Ueber die tertiären Landsäugethiere Italiens: Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, v. 39, p. 55–82.Google Scholar
Major, C.J.F. , 1902, On some jaws and teeth of Pliocene voles (Mimomys gen. nov.): Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, v. 1, p. 102–107.Google Scholar
Mansino, S. , Crespo, V.D. , Montoya, P. , and Ruiz-Sánchez, F.J. , 2017, Muridae from the late Miocene site of Venta del Moro (eastern Spain): Historical Biology, v. 29, p. 677–691, doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1232405.Google Scholar
Martín-Suárez, E. , and Freudenthal, M. , 1993, Muridae (Rodentia) from the lower Turolian of Crevillente (Alicante, Spain): Scripta Geologica, v. 103, p. 65–118.Google Scholar
Martín-Suárez, E. , and Mein, P. , 1998, Revision of the genera Parapodemus, Apodemus, Rhagamys and Rhagapodemus (Rodentia, Mammalia): Geobios, v. 31, p. 87–97.Google Scholar
Martín-Suárez, E.M. , and Mein, P. , 2004, The late Pliocene locality of Saint-Vallier (Drôme, France): micromammals: Geobios, v. 37, p. S115–S125, doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(04)80011-1.Google Scholar
Masini, F. , 1989, Prolagus sorbinii n. sp., a new ochotonid (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from the Messinian of Italy: Bollettino della Società Paleontogica Italiana, v. 28, p. 295–306.Google Scholar
Mayda, S. , 2014, KD ve GB Karadeniz Bölgesi Neojen-Kuvaterner karasal mikro ve makro memeli faunalarının paleontolojik, paleobiyoğrafik, paleoekolojik ve paleoklimatolojik açıdan korelasyonu: TÜBITAK Project report, no. 111Y192, 103 p.Google Scholar
McKenna, M.C. , and Bell, S.K , 1997, Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level: New York, Columbia University Press, 631 p.Google Scholar
Mein, P. , and Freudenthal, M. , 1971, Les Cricetidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Néogène moyen de Vieux-Collonges (Rhône, France), Partie 1, Le genre Cricetodon Lartet, 1851: Scripta Geologica, v. 5, p. 1–51.Google Scholar
Mein, P. , Moissenet, E. , and Adrover, R. , 1983, L’extension et l’âge des formations continentales Pliocènes du fossé de Teruel (Espagne): Comptes Rendus des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, v. 296, p. 1603–1610.Google Scholar
Melchior, H.B. , 1834, Den Danske Stats og Norges Pattedyr: Copenhagen, Gyldendalske Boghandlings Forlag, 298 p.Google Scholar
Michaux, J. , 1967, Origine du dessin dentaire « Apodemus » (Rodentia, Mammalia): Comptes Rendus des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, v. 264, p. 711–714.Google Scholar
Miller, G.S. , 1910, Two new genera of murine rodents: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, v. 52, p. 497–498.Google Scholar
Miller, G.S. , 1927, Revised determinations of some Tertiary mammals from Mongolia: Palaeontologica Sinica, v. C 5, p. 1–20.Google Scholar
Milne-Edwards, A. , 1867, Observations sur quelques mammifères du nord de la Chine: Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie et Biologie Animale, v. 7, p. 375–377.Google Scholar
Minwer-Barakat, R. , García-Alix, A. , Martín-Suárez, E. , and Freudenthal, M. , 2005, Muridae (Rodentia) from the Pliocene of Tollo de Chiclana (Granada, southeastern Spain): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 25, p. 426–441, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0426:MRFTPO]20.CO;2.Google Scholar
Montuire, S. , Maridet, O. , and Legendre, S. , 2006, Late Miocene−early Pliocene temperature estimates in Europe using rodents: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 238, p. 247–262, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.026.Google Scholar
Nanda, A.C. , 2013, Upper Siwalik mammalian faunas of the Himalayan foothills: Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, v. 58, p. 75–86.Google Scholar
Nehring, A. , 1902, Über einige griechische Nager: Mus epimelas n. sp., Cricetulus atticus n. sp. und Myoxus nitedula Wingei n. subsp.: Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Jahrgang 1902, p. 1–7.Google Scholar
Nesin, V.A. , 2011, A new species of mice (Rodentia, Muridae) from the late Miocene of Ukraine: Vestnik Zoologii, v. 45, p. 469–472.Google Scholar
NOW Community, 2017, New and Old Worlds Database of Fossil Mammals (NOW): http://www.helsinki.fi/science/now/CC BY 4.0 (last accessed January 12, 2018).Google Scholar
Ognev, S.I. , 1914, Mammals of lower reaches of the river Tuman Gana (southern Primorye district), Partt 1, Rodents (Rodentia): Dnevnik Zoologičeskogo Otdelenia Obšestva Lûbitelej Estestvoznaniâ, Antropologii i Etnografii, n. s., v. 2, p. 101–128.Google Scholar
Pallas, P.S. , 1770−1777, Reise Durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Rußischen Reichs, Volume 2: Frankfurt und Leipzig, Johann Georg Fleischer, 526 p.Google Scholar
Pallas, P.S. , 1771, Reise Durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs, Volume 1: St. Petersburg, Gedruckt bey der Kayserlichen Academie der Wissenschaften, 504 p.Google Scholar
Pierre, C. , Caruso, A. , Blanc-Valleron, M.-M. , Rouchy, J.-M. , and Orzsag-Sperber, F. , 2006, Reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental changes around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary along a west-east transect across the Mediterranean: Sedimentary Geology, v. 188, p. 319–340, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.03.011.Google Scholar
Piñero, P. , Agustí, J. , Oms, O. , Blain, H.A. , Laplana, C. , Ros-Montoya, S. , and Martínez-Navarro, B. , 2017, Rodents from Baza-1 (Guadix-Baza Basin, southeast Spain): filling the gap of the early Pliocene succession in the Betics: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 37, no. 4, e1338294, doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1338294.Google Scholar
Poisson, A. , Vrielynck, B. , Wernli, R. , Negri, A. , Bassetti, M.-A. , Büyükmeriç, Y. , Özer, S. , Guillou, H. , Kavak, K.S. , Temiz, H. , and Orszag-Sperber, F. , 2016, Miocene transgression in the central and eastern parts of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey) and the Cenozoic palaeogeographical evolution: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 105, p. 339–368, doi:10.1007/S00531-015-1248-1.Google Scholar
Pomel, A. , 1853, Catalogue Méthodique et Descriptif des Vertébrés Fossiles Découverts dans le Bassin Hydrographique Supérieur de la Loire et de l’Allier: Paris, J.-B. Baillière, Paris, 193 p.Google Scholar
Prieto, J. , 2010, Note on the morphological variability of Keramidomys thaleri (Eomyidae, Mammalia) from Puttenhausen (North Alpine Foreland Basin, Germany): Zitteliana, v. A50, p. 103–109.Google Scholar
Radulescu, C. , and Samson, P. , 1967, Contributions à la connaissance du complexe faunique de Malusteni-Beresti (Pléistocène inferieur), Roumanie, I. Ord. Lagomorpha, Fam. Leporidae: Neues Jahruch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatschefte, v. 9, p. 544–563.Google Scholar
Rouchy, J.-M. , Orszag-Sperber, F. , Blanc-Valleron, M.-M. , Pierre, C. , Rivière, M. , Combourieu-Nebout, N. , and Panayides, I. , 2001, Paleoenvironmental changes at the Messinian–Pliocene boundary in the eastern Mediterranean (southern Cyprus basins): significance of the Messinian Lago-Mare: Sedimentary Geology, v. 145, p. 93–117, doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00126-9.Google Scholar
Ruiz Bustos, A. , Sesé, C. , Dabrio, C. , Peña, J.A. , and Padial, J. , 1984, Geología y fauna de micromamíferos del nuevo yacimiento del Plioceno inferior de Gorafe-A (Depresión de Guadix-Baza, Granada): Estudios Geológicos, v. 40, p. 231–241.Google Scholar
Rummel, M. , 1998, Die Cricetiden aus dem Mittel- und Obermiozän der Türkei: Documenta Naturae, v. 123, p. 1–300.Google Scholar
Saraç, G. , 2003, Türkiye Omurgalı Fosil Yatakları: MTA (Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey) Report, no. 10609, 218 p.Google Scholar
Sarıca-Filoreau, N. , 2002, Faunes de rongeurs néogènes et quaternaires des grabens d’Anatolie occidentale: systématique, biochronologie et implications tectoniques [Ph.D. dissertation]: Paris, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 327 p.Google Scholar
Schaub, S. , 1930, Quartäre und jungtertiäre Hamster: Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, v. 49, p. 1–49.Google Scholar
Schaub, S. , 1934, Über einige fossile Simplicidentaten aus China und der Mongolei: Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, v. 54, p. 1–40.Google Scholar
Schaub, S. , 1938, Tertiäre und Quartäre Murinae: Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, v. 61, p. 1–39.Google Scholar
Schaub, S. , and Zapfe, H. , 1953, Die Fauna der miozänen Spaltenfüllung von Neudorf an der March (CSR). Simplicidentata: Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, v. 162, p. 181–215.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Kittler, N. , ed., 1995, The vertebrate locality Maramena (Macedonia, Greece) at the Turolian/Ruscinian boundary (Neogene): Münchner Geowissenschaftlische Abhandlungen, v. 28, p. 1–180.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , 1977, La faune de Rongeurs Pliocènes de Çalta (Ankara, Turquie): Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sciences de la Terre, v. 61, p. 89–171.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , 1983, Rongeurs et lagomorphes du gisement pliocène de Pul-e Charkhi, bassin de Kabul, Afghanistan: Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, sér. 4, v. C 5, p. 33–74.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , 1998, Rodentia and Lagomorpha, in Sen, S., ed., Pliocene Vertebrate Locality of Çalta, Ankara, Turkey: Geodiversitas, v. 20, p. 359–378.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , 2001, Rodents and insectivores from the upper Miocene of Molayan, Afghanistan: Palaeontology, v. 44, p. 913–932, doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00208.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , 2003, Lagomorpha, in Fortelius, M., Kapppelman, J., Sen, S., and Bernor, R.L., eds., Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey: New York, Columbia University Press, p. 163–178.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , ed., 2005, Geology, mammals and environments at Akkaşdağı, late Miocene of Central Anatolia: Geodiversitas, v. 27, p. 513–836.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , Jaeger, J.-J. , Dalfes, N. , Mazin, J.-M. , and Bocherens, H. , 1989, Découverte d’une faune de petits mammifères Pliocènes en Anatolie occidentale: Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, v. 309, p. 1729–1734.Google Scholar
Sen, S. , Seyitoglu, G. , Karadenizli, L. , Kazancı, N. , Varol, B. , and Araz, H. , 1998, Mammalian biochronology of Neogene deposits and its correlation with the lithostratigraphy in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 91, p. 307–320.Google Scholar
Sengör, A.M.C. , and Yilmaz, Y. , 1981, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach: Tectonophysics, v. 75, p. 181–241.Google Scholar
Seyitoğlu, G. , Karadenizli, L. , Kazancı, N. , and Sen, S. , 2005, The position of Akkaşdağı mammal locality in the neo-tectonic framework of Çankırı Basin, Turkey, in Sen, S., ed., Geology, Mammals and Environments at Akkaşdağı, Late Miocene of Central Anatolia: Geodiversitas, v. 27, p. 519–525.Google Scholar
Sickenberg, O. , Becker-Platen, J.D. , Benda, L. , Berg, D. , Engesser, B. , Gaziry, W. , Heissig, K. , Hünermann, K.A. , Sondaar, P.Y. , Schmidt-Kittler, N. , Staesche, K. , Staesche, N. , Steffens, P. and Tobien, H. , 1975, Die Gliederung des höheren Jungtertiärs und Altquartärs in der Türkei nach Vertebraten und ihre Bedeutung für die internationale Neogen-Stratigraphie: Geologisches Jahrbuch, v. B 15, p. 1–167.Google Scholar
Sinitsa, M.V. , and Delinschi, A. , 2016, The earliest member of Neocricetodon (Rodentia: Cricetidae): a redescription of N. moldavicus from eastern Europe, and its bearing on the evolution of the genus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 90, p. 771–784, doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.72.Google Scholar
Steenbrink, J. , Van Vugt, N. , Hilgen, F.J. , Wijbrans, J.R. , and Meulenkamp, J.E. , 1999, Sedimentary cycles and volcanic ash beds in the lower Pliocene lacustrine succession of Ptolemais (NW Greece): discrepancy between 40Ar/39Ar and astronomical ages: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 152, p. 283–303.Google Scholar
Steenbrink, J. , Hilgen, F.J. , Krijgsman, W. , Wijbrans, J.R. , and Meulenkamp, J.E. , 2006, Late Miocene to early Pliocene depositional history of the intramontane Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin, NW Greece: interplay between orbital forcing and tectonics: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 238, p. 151–178,doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.023.Google Scholar
Storch, G. , and Dahlmann, T. , 1995, Murinae (Rodentia, Mammalia), in Schmidt-Kittler, N., ed., The Vertebrate Locality Maramena (Macedonia, Greece) at the Turolian-Ruscinian Boundary (Neogene): Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, ser. A, v. 28, p. 121–132.Google Scholar
Suata-Alpaslan, F. , 2009, Pseudomeriones hansi nov. sp. (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the early Pliocene (Ruscinian) fauna of Igdeli (Turkey): The Open Geology Journal, v. 3, p. 58–63, doi:10.2174/1874262900903010058.Google Scholar
Suata-Alpaslan, F. , 2010, The paleoecology of the continental early Pliocene of the eastern Mediterranean: a construction based on rodents: C.Ü. Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, v. 31, p. 29–48.Google Scholar
Suata-Alpaslan, F. , 2011, Anadolu Erken Pliyosen küçük memeli topluluğu: paleontolojik ve paleoekolojik anlamları: Arkeometri Sonuçlari Toplantisi, v. 27, p. 1–13.Google Scholar
Suata-Alpaslan, F. , Ünay, E. , and Ay, F. , 2010, Igdeli (Gemerek, Sivas) lokalitesi Erken Pliyosen fauna istifinin Rodentia ve Lagomorpha (Mammalia) fosilleri: biyokronolojik ve paleobiyocografik anlamlari: C.Ü. Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, v. 31, p. 1–29.Google Scholar
Sylvestrou, A.I. , and Kostopoulos, S.D. , 2007, Pseudomeriones megistos nov. sp. (Gerbillinae, Mammalia) from the latest Miocene of northern Greece and its phylogenetic relationships: Geobios, v. 40, p. 833–848, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.04.007.Google Scholar
Teilhard de Chardin, P. , 1926, Tertiary mammals of China and Mongolia: Annales de Paléontologie, v. 15, p. 1–51.Google Scholar
Tesakov, A. , and Averianov, A. , 2002. Prolagus (Lagomorpha, Prolagidae) from the Pliocene of Moldova and Ukraine: Paleontological Journal, v. 36, p. 85–91.Google Scholar
Thaler, L. , 1955, Présence de deux espèces éteintes de Cricetinés dans les brèches ossifères villafranchiennes de Sète: Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, v. 240, p. 1255–1257.Google Scholar
Thomas, O. , 1897, On the genera of rodents: an attempt to bring up to date the current arrangement of the order: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1896, Part 4, p. 1012–1028.Google Scholar
Thomas, O. , 1902, On five new mammals from Arabia and Persia: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, v. 10, p. 487–491.Google Scholar
Tomida, Y. , and Jin, C.Z. , 2009, Two new species of Pliopentalagus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) from the Pliocene of Anhui Province, China, with a revision of Pl. huainanensis : Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 47, p. 53–71.Google Scholar
Topachevskii, V.A. , and Skorik, A.F. , 1992, [Neogene and Pleistocene primitive Cricetidae from southeastern Europe]: Kiev, Russia, nNaukova Dumka, Academia Nauk Ukraina, Institute Zoology Kiev, 243 p. (in Russian).Google Scholar
Tüysüz, O. , and Dellaloğlu, A.A. , 1992, [Geologic evolution of Çankiri Basin and its tectonic units], in [Proceedings] 9th Petroleum Congress of Turkey: Ankara, Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 333–349 (in Turkish with English abstract).Google Scholar
Ünay, E. , 1994, Early Miocene rodent faunas from the eastern Mediterranean area, part V, the Gliridae: Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, v. B 97, p. 445–490.Google Scholar
Ünay, E. , and de Bruijn, H. , 1998, The small mammals from the Plio-Pleistocene of Anatolia: Mededlingen Nederlandse Institute Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO, v. 60, p. 431–465.Google Scholar
Ünay, E. , Emre, Ö. , Erkal, T. , and Keçer, M. , 2001, The rodent fauna from the Adapazari pull-apart basin (NW Anatolia): its bearings on the age of the North Anatolian fault: Geodinamica Acta, v. 14, p. 169–175, doi:10.1016/S0985-3111(00)01063-9.Google Scholar
Ünay, E. , de Bruijn, H. , and de Saraç, G. , 2003, The Oligocene record of Anatolia: a review, in Reumer, J.W.F., and Wessels, W., eds., Distribution and Migration of Tertiary Mammals in Eurasia: Deinsea, v. 10, p. 531–538.Google Scholar
Ünay, E. , de Bruijn, H. , and Suata-Alpaslan, F. , 2006, Rodents from the upper Miocene hominoid locality Çorakyerier (Anatolia): Beiträge für Palaontologie, v. 30, p. 453–467.Google Scholar
van de Weerd, A. , 1976, Rodent faunas of the Mio-Pliocene continental sediments of the Teruel-Alfambra region, Spain: Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin, spec. publ. v. 2, p. 1–217.Google Scholar
van de Weerd, A. , 1979, Early Ruscinian rodents and lagomorphs (Mammalia) from the lignites near Ptolemais (Macedonia, Greece): Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, v. B 82, p. 137–165.Google Scholar
van de Weerd, A. , and Daams, R. , 1978, Quantitative composition of rodent faunas in the Spanish Neogene and paleoecological implications: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings, v. B 81, p. 448–473.Google Scholar
van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. , Diepeveen, F. , Tesakov, A. , Saraç, G. , Mayhew, D. , and Alçiçek, M.C. , 2015a, On the brink: micromammals from the latest Villanyian from Bıçakçı (Anatolia): Geological Journal, v. 50, p. 230–245, doi:10.1002/gj.2622.Google Scholar
van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. , Gardner, J.D. , van Bennekom, L. , Alçiçek, M.C. , Murray, A. , Frank, P. , Wesselingh, F.P. , Alçiçek, H. , and Tesakov, A. , 2015b, Ericek, a new Pliocene vertebrate locality in the Çameli Basin (southwestern Anatolia, Turkey): Palaeobiodiversity, Palaeoenvironments, v. 95, p. 305–320, doi:10.1007/s12549-015-0202-3.Google Scholar
van der Meulen, A. , and van Kolfschoten, T. , 1986, Review of the late Turolian to early Biharian mammal faunas from Greece and Turkey: Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, v. 31, p. 201–211.Google Scholar
Van Vugt, N. , Steenbrink, J. , Langereis, C.G. , Hilgen, F.J. , and Meulenkamp, J.E. , 1998, Magnetostratigraphy-based astronomical tuning of the early Pliocene lacustrine sediments of Ptolemais (NW Greece) and bed-to-bed correlation with the marine record: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 164, p. 535–551.Google Scholar
Vasileiadou, K.V. , Koufos, G.D. , and Syrides, G.E. , 2003, Silata, a new locality with micromammals from the Miocene/Pliocene boundary of the Chalkidiki peninsula, Macedonia, Greece, in Reumer, J.W.F., and Wessels, W., eds., Distribution and Migration of Tertiary Mammals in Eurasia, A Volume in Honour of Hans de Bruijn: Deinsea, v. 10, p. 549–562.Google Scholar
Vasileiadou, K.V. , Konidaris, G. , and Koufos, G.D. , 2012, New data on the micromammalian locality of Kessani (Thrace, Greece) at the Mio-Pliocene boundary: Palaeobiodiversity, Palaeoenvironments, v. 92, p. 211–237, doi:10.1007/s12549-012-0075-7.Google Scholar
Vislobokova, I. , Sotnikova, M. , and Dodonov, A. , 2003, Bio-events and diversity of the late Miocene-Pliocene mammal faunas of Russia and adjacent areas, in Reumer, J.W.F., and Wessels, W., eds., Distribution and Migration of Tertiary Mammals in Eurasia, A Volume in Honour of Hans de Bruijn: Deinsea, v. 10, p. 563–574.Google Scholar
Vorontsov, N.N. , and Potapova, E.G. , 1979, [Taxonomy of the genus Calomyscus (Cricetidae), 2, Status of Calomyscus in the system of Cricetinae]: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, v. 58, p. 1391–1397 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Wessels, W. , 2009, Miocene rodents, faunal exchange and migration routes between Eurasia and Africa: Geologica Ultraiectina, v. 307, p. 1–290.Google Scholar
Wu, W.Y. , and Flynn, L.J. , 1992, New murid rodents from the late Cenozoic of Yushe Basin, Shanxi: Vertebrata Palasiatica, v. 30, p. 17–38.Google Scholar
Wu, W.Y. , and Flynn, L.J. , 2017, The hamsters of Yushe Basin, in Flynn L.J., and Wu, W.Y., eds., Late Cenozoic Yushe Basin, Shanxi Province, China: Geology and Fossil Mammals, Volume II, Small Mammal Fossils of Yushe Basin: Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, p. 123–137, doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1050-1_10.Google Scholar
Zdansky, O. , 1928, Die Säugetiere der Quartärfauna von Choukoutien: Palaeontologia Sinica, ser. C, v. 5, no. 4, p. 1–146.Google Scholar
Zhang, Z.Q. , and Zheng, S.H. , 2001, Late Miocene-early Pleistocene biostratigraphy of Xiaoshigou section, Lingtai, Gansu: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 39, p. 54–66.Google Scholar
Zheng, S.-H. , 1993, [Quaternary rodents of Sichuan-Guizhou area, China]: Science Press, Beijing, 270 p. (in Chinese p. 1–230; in English p. 231–270).Google Scholar
Zheng, S.H. , and Zhang, Z.Q. , 2001 , Late Miocene-early Pleistocene biostratigraphy of the Leijiahe area, Lingtai, Gansu: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 39, p. 215–228.Google Scholar