Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:48:30.579Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Kloedenellids: morphology and relation to non-myodocopide ostracodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Franciszek J. Adamczak*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

This paper demonstrates, for the first time, the existence of an inner partition (limen) in females of Kloedenella Ulrich and Bassler, 1908, and the presence of a juvenile carapace in the brood chamber of Poloniella tertia Kroemmelbein, 1953. These facts indicate that the Kloedenellidae Ulrich and Bassler, 1908, and the living platycopes are closely related. Thin sections of female carapaces in kloedenellids, some cytherellids and a geisinid-like form, indicate that their posteriorly inflated valve walls are only half as thick as the remaining parts. This suggests that the feature developed in different lineages and had a pure adaptable character. A historical and critical survey of the kloedenellid literature is included. The latter involves a discussion of phylogenetic relationships between this group and other non-myodocopide ostracodes. In light of new facts and data reported earlier, revised diagnoses for the Kloedenellidae and Paleozoic Cytherellidae Sars, 1866, are presented.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abushik, A. F. 1971. Ostrakody opornogo razreza silura–nizhnego devona Podolii, p. 7133. In Ivanova, V. A. (ed.), Paleozoyskie ostrakody iz opornykh razrezov evropeyskoy chasti SSSR. Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskva.Google Scholar
Adamczak, F. 1961a. Eridostraca, a new suborder of ostracodes and its phylogenetic significance. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 6:29104.Google Scholar
Adamczak, F. 1961b. On the genus Poloniella Guerich (Ostracoda). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 6:283320.Google Scholar
Adamczak, F. 1966. On kloedenellids and cytherellods (Ostracoda Platycopa) from the Silurian of Gotland. Stockholm Contributions in Geology, 17:721.Google Scholar
Adamczak, F. 1967. Morphology of two Silurian metacope ostracodes from Gotland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 88:462475.Google Scholar
Adamczak, F. 1968. Plaeocopa and Platycopa (Ostracoda) from the Middle Devonian rocks in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Stockholm Contributions in Geology, 17:1109.Google Scholar
Adamczak, F. 1976. Middle Devonian Podocopida (Ostracoda) from Poland; their morphology, systematics and occurrence. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 57:265467.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. I. 1929. Ostracoda of the Cretaceous of North Texas. University of Texas Bulletin, 2907:1137.Google Scholar
Berdan, J. M. 1961. ?Family Krausellidae Berdan, n. fam., p. Q371Q373. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Berdan, J. M. 1972. Brachiopoda and Ostracoda of the Cobleskill Limestone (Upper Silurian) of central New York. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 730, 47 p.Google Scholar
Berdan, J. M. 1976. Middle Ordovician leperditicopid ostracodes from the Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 23(3):3765.Google Scholar
Berdan, J. M. 1986. New ostracode genera from the Lower Devonian Mc-Monnigal Limestone of Central Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 60:361378.Google Scholar
Berdan, J. M., and Copeland, M. J. 1973. Ostracodes from Lower Devonian formations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. U.S. Geological Survey Profesional Paper 825, 47 p.Google Scholar
Berdan, J. M., and Sohn, I. G. 1961. Family Pachydomellidae Berdan & Sohn, n. fam., p. Q373Q374. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Bonnema, J. H. 1914. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Kloedenella Ulrich and Bassler. Proceedings, Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, 16:11051109.Google Scholar
Bonnema, J. H. 1933a. Die Orientierung der Schalen der palaeozoischen Ostracoden. Zeitschrift fuer Geschiebeforschung, 9:2342.Google Scholar
Bonnema, J. H. 1933b. Ueber palaeozoische Ostracoden. Zeitschrift fuer Geschiebeforschung, 9:150156.Google Scholar
Brady, G. S., and Robertson, D. 1870. The Ostracoda and Foraminifera of tidal rivers. Annals and Magazine of Natural History London 1870, series 4, 6:133.Google Scholar
Bushmina, L. S. 1969. O sistematicheskoy polozheni i obyeme semeystva Cavellinidae (Ostracoda). Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, 4:5863.Google Scholar
Coryell, H. H. 1928. Some new Pennsylvanian Ostracoda. Journal of Paleontology, 2:8794.Google Scholar
Coryell, H. H., and Booth, R. T. 1933. Pennsylvanian Ostracoda: a contribution of the study of the Ostracoda fauna from the Wayland Shale, Graham, Texas. American Midland Naturalist, 14:258279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coryell, H. H., and Sample, C. H. 1932. Pennsylvanian Ostracoda: a study of the Ostracoda fauna of the East Mountain Shale, Mineral Formation, Texas. American Midland Naturalist, 13:245280.Google Scholar
Egorov, V. G. 1950. Ostrakody franskogo yarusa Russkoy platformy, Ch. 1 Kloedenellidae. VNIGRI:1175.Google Scholar
Gailite, L. K. 1967. Opisanie Ostrakod, p. 89168. In Gailite, L. K., Rybnikova, M. V., and Ulst, R. J., Stratigrafya, Fauna i Uslovya Obrazovanya Siluriyskikh Porod Srednej Pribaltiki. Izdatelstvo Zinatne, Riga.Google Scholar
Girty, G. H. 1910. New genera and species of Carboniferous fossils from the Fayetteville Shale of Arkansas. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 20(3, Pt. 2):189238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gramm, N. N. 1967. Rudimentarnye muskulnye pyatna u triasovykh Cytherellidae (Ostracoda). Doklady Akademii Nauk, 173:931934.Google Scholar
Gramm, N. N. 1968. Morskiye triasovye ostrakody iz juzhnogo Primorya. O evolucii adduktora kavellinid. Akademia Nauk SSSR, 23 Mezhdunarodnyi Geologicheskii Kongress, Moskva, p. 109122.Google Scholar
Gramm, N. N. 1969. Ussuricavininae—novoe podsemeystvo triasovykh ostrakod, p. 4178. In Gramm, M. N. and Krasilov, V. A. (eds.), Iskopaemaya fauna i flora Dalnego Vostoka. Vladivostok.Google Scholar
Gramm, N. N. 1970. Otpechatki adduktora triasovykh tsiterellid (Ostracoda) Primorya i nekotorye voprosy teorii filembriogeneza. Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, 1:88103.Google Scholar
Gramm, N. N. 1984. Vnutrennie struktury rakovin paleozoyskikh ostrakod. Nauka:171.Google Scholar
Gramm, N. N. 1985. The muscle scar in cavellinids and its importance for the phylogeny of platycope ostracodes. Lethaia, 18:3852.Google Scholar
Gruendel, J. 1964. Zur Gattung Healdia (Ostracoda) und zu einigen verwandten Formen aus dem unteren Jura. Geologie (Berlin), 13:456477.Google Scholar
Gruendel, J. 1967. Zur Grossgliederung der Ordnung Podocopida G. W. Mueller, 1894 (Ostracoda). Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte, 6:321332.Google Scholar
Gruendel, J. 1974. Der Schlossbau in der Unterklasse Ostracoda (Crustacea): seine Ausbildung in abhhängigkeit von funktionellen, stukturellen und oekologischen Faktoren. Geoscience and Man, 6:127136.Google Scholar
Guber, A. L., and Jaanusson, V. 1965. Orodovician ostracodes with posterior domiciliar dimorphism. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala, 43:143.Google Scholar
Guerich, G. 1896. Das Palaeozoikum im polnischen Mittelgebirge. Verhandlungen der russischen kaiserlichen mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 32:1539.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1852. Natural History of New York, Pt. 6 Palaeontology of New York, 2:1363.Google Scholar
Hansch, W. 1985. Ostracode fauna, stratigraphy and definition of the Beyrichienkalk sequence. Lethaia, 18:273282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, R. W. 1957. Ostracoda of the Simpson Group. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 5, 333 p.Google Scholar
Hartmann, G. 1963. Zur Phylogenie und Systematik der Ostrakoden. Zeitschrift för zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 1:1154.Google Scholar
Hartmann, G. 1975. Ostracoda (4. Lieferung): Dr. H. G. Bronns Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches: Band 5 (Arthropoda) Abteilung I Crustacea Buch 2, Teil 4 (Ostracoda):569786.Google Scholar
Henningsmoen, G. 1953. Classification of Paleozoic straight-hinged ostracods. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 31:185288.Google Scholar
Henningsmoen, G. 1965. On certain features of palaeocope ostracodes. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 86:329394.Google Scholar
Jaanusson, V. 1957. Middle Ordovician ostracodes of central and southern Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala, 37:173442.Google Scholar
Jaanusson, V. 1985. Functional morphology of the shell in platycope ostracodes: a study of arrested evolution. Lethaia, 18:7384.Google Scholar
Jones, T. R. 1849. A monograph of the Entomostraca of the Cretaceous formation of England. Annual Volumes (Monographs) of the Palaeontographical Society, 3(1):140.Google Scholar
Jones, T. R. 1855. Notes on Palaeozoic bivalved Entomostraca—1: some species of Beyrichia from the Upper Silurian limestones of Scandinavia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16:8192.Google Scholar
Jones, T. R. 1856. Notes on the Palaeozoic bivalved Entomostraca—3: some species of Leperditia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 17:81101.Google Scholar
Jones, T. R. 1857. A monograph of the Teritary Entomostraca of England. Annual Volumes (Monographs) of the Palaeontographical Society, 9(2):168.Google Scholar
Jones, T. R. 1880. Ostracoda, p. 216236. In Nicholson, H. A. and Etheridge, R. Jr., A Monograph of the Silurian Fossils of the Girvan District in Ayrshire with Special Reference to Those Contained in the “Gray collection,” 1 (fasc. 2).Google Scholar
Jones, T. R. 1889. On some Palaeozoic Ostracoda from Pennsylvania. American Geologist, 4:337342.Google Scholar
Jones, T. R., and Kirkby, J. W. 1886. On some fringed and other Ostracoda from the Carboniferous series. Geological Magazine, 3:248253.Google Scholar
Kegel, W. 1932. Zur Kenntnis palaeozoischer Ostracoden: 2. Bairdiidae aus dem Mitteldevon des rheinischen Schiefergebirges. Jahrbuch der Preussischen geologischen Landesanstalt zu Berlin, 52:245250.Google Scholar
Kellett, B. 1935. Ostracodes of the Upper Pennsylvanian and the Lower Permian strata of Kansas 3. Bairdiidae (concl.), Cytherellidae, Cypridinidae, Entomoconchidae, Cythereidae, and Cyprididae. Journal of Paleontology, 9:132166.Google Scholar
Kloeden, K. F. 1834. Die Versteinerungen der Mark Brandenburg, insbesonderheit diejenigen, welche sich in den Rollsteinen und Bloecken der suedbaltischen Ebene finden, 378 p.Google Scholar
Knuepfer, J. 1968. Einige neue Ostracoden aus dem Unterkarbon und zur Stellung der Kloedenellacea Ulrich and Bassler, 1908. Berichte der duetschen Gesellschaft fuer geologische Wissenschaften Rheie A (Geologie und Palaeontologie), 13:215223.Google Scholar
Kornicker, L. S. 1969. Relationship between the free and attached margin of the myodocopid ostracod shell, p. 109135. In Neale, J. W. (ed.), The Taxonomy, Morphology and Ecology of Recent Ostracoda. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Kozur, H. 1972. Einige Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Ostracoden und beschreibung neue Platycopida aus der Trias Ungarns und der Slovakei. Geologisch-palaeontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, 2(10):127.Google Scholar
Kranduevsky, V. S. 1963. Fauna Ostrakod Silurijskikh Vidkladiv Podillya. Akademia Nauk, Ukrainskoy RSR, Institut Geologicheskikh Nauk, 176 p.Google Scholar
Krause, A. 1891. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Ostracoden–Fauna im silurischen Diluvialgeschieben. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 43:488521.Google Scholar
Kristan-Tollmann, E. 1977a. Zur Evolution des Schliessmuskelfeldes bei Healdiidae und Cytherellidae. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte, 10:621639.Google Scholar
Kristan-Tollmann, E. 1977b. On the development of the muscle-scar patterns in Triassic Ostracoda, p. 133143. In Loefler, H. and Danielopol, D. (eds.), Aspects of Ecology and Zoogeography of Recent and Fossil Ostracoda. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.Google Scholar
Kroemmelbein, K. 1953. Ostracoden-Studien im Devon der Eifel—3: Nachweis der polnischen Gattungen Polyzygia und Poloniella im Mittel-Devon der Eifel. Senckenbergiana, 34:5359.Google Scholar
Kummerow, E. 1931. Ueber die Unterschiede zwischen Phyllocariden und Ostracoden. Centralblatt fuer Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abteilung B, 5:242257.Google Scholar
Lundin, R. F. 1988. Is Neckajatia an ancestor of the platycope ostracodes?, p. 10511060. In Hanai, T., Ikeya, N., and Ishizaki, K. (eds.), Evolutionary Biology on Ostracoda, Its Fundamentals and Applications. Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Ostracoda, Kodansha, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Martinsson, A. 1967. The succession and correlation of ostracode fauna in the Silurian of Gotland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 89:350386.Google Scholar
Martinsson, A. 1977. Baltoscandia, p. 4551. In Martinsson, A. (ed.), The Silurian-Devonian Boundary. IUGS Series A:5. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Matthew, G. F. 1886. Illustrations of the fauna of the St. John Group continued. No. 3: descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 1, 3(1885)4:2984.Google Scholar
McGregor, D. L., and Kesling, R. V. 1969. Copulatory adaptations in ostraocods Part II. Adaptations in living ostracods. Contributions from the Museum of Palaeontology, University of Michigan, 23(17):221239.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C. 1961. Glossary of morphological terms applied to Ostracoda, p. Q47Q56. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Mueller, K. J. 1964. Ostracoda (Bradorina) mit phosphatischen Gehaeusen aus dem Oberkambrium von Schweden. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlungen, 121:146.Google Scholar
Neckaja, A. I. 1958. Novye vidy i rody ostrakod ordovika i silura severo-zapada Russkoy platformy. Trudy VNIGRI, Novaya seriya, Mikrofauna SSSR, 9:349379.Google Scholar
Oepik, A. A. 1935. Ostracoda from the Lower Ordovician Megalaspis-Limestone of Estonia and Russia. Tartu Uelikooli Geologia-Instituudi Toimetused, 44:113.Google Scholar
Pokorný, V. 1958. Grundzuege der Zoologischen Mikropalaeontologie. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Bd. 2, 453 p.Google Scholar
Polenova, E. N. 1952. Ostrakody verkhney chasti zhivetskogo yarusa Russkoy platformy. Trudy VNIGRI, Novaya seriya, Mikrofauna SSSR, 5:65156.Google Scholar
Polenova, E. N. 1953. Ostrakody devonskikh otlozheniy Tsentralnogo devonskogo polya i Srednego povolzhya. Trudy VNIGRI, Novaya seriya, 68:1157.Google Scholar
Polenova, E. N. 1960. Nadsemejstvo Kloedenellacea Ulrich et Bassler, 1908, p. 320328. In Orlov, Yu. A. (ed.), Osnovy paleontologii, Chlenistonogiye, trilobitoobraznye i rakoobraznye. Gosudarstvennoye nauchnotekhnicheskoye izdatelstvo literatury po geologii i okhrane nedr, Moskva.Google Scholar
Posner, V. M. 1950. Podsem. Lichnininae, p. 6163. In Egorov, V. G., Ostrakody franskogo yarusa Russkoy platformy, Ch. 1 Kloedenellidae. VNIGRI, Moskva.Google Scholar
Sars, G. O. 1866. Oversigt afnorges marine ostracoder. Forhandlinger i videnskaps-selskabet i Chrisiania, 1130.Google Scholar
Sars, G. O. 1887. Nye bidrag til kundskaben om Medelhavets invertebratfauna: 4. Ostracoda Mediterranea (sydeuropeiske ostracoder). Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 12:173324.Google Scholar
Sarv, L. 1971. Siluriyskie ostrakody v razrezie skvazhiny Okhesaare. Eesti Nsv Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised, 20, Köide Keemia, Geoloogia, 4:349355.Google Scholar
Sarv, L. 1977. Rannie kavellinidy v silure Pribaltiki, p. 259284. In Kal'o, D. L. (ed.), Fatsii i Fauna Silura Pribaltiki. Akademia Nauk Estonskoy SSR, Institut Geologii, Tallin.Google Scholar
Schallreuter, R. E. L. 1968. Ordovizische Ostracoden mit geradem Schlossrand und konvavem Ventralrand. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Ernst–Moritz–Arndt–Universitaet Greifswald, Mathematisch–naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 17:127152.Google Scholar
Schallreuter, R. E. L. 1974. New names for ostracode genera. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 96:278.Google Scholar
Schallreuter, R. E. L. 1978. On Karinutatia crux Schallreuter gen. et sp. nov. A stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 5(6):4548.Google Scholar
Schallreuter, R. E. L. 1986. Silurische Hornsteine und Ostracoden von Sylt. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch–Palaeontologischen Institut der Universitët Hamburg, 61:189233.Google Scholar
Scott, H. W. 1959. Type species of Paraparchites Ulrich and Bassler. Journal of Paleontology, 33:670674.Google Scholar
Scott, H. W. 1961. Classification of Ostracoda, p. Q74Q92. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Shaver, R. H. 1961. Family Bairdiocyprididae Shaver, n. fam., p. Q364Q365. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Sohn, I. G. 1961. Family Beyrichiopsidae Henningsmoen, 1953, p. Q185186. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Swartz, F. M. 1933. Dimorphism and orientation in ostracodes of the family Kloedenellidae from the Silurian of Pennsylvania. Journal of Paleontology, 7:231260.Google Scholar
Swartz, F. M. 1936. Revision of the Primitiidae and Beyrichiidae, with new Ostracoda from the Lower Devonian of Pennsylvania. Journal of Paleontology, 10:541586.Google Scholar
Swartz, F. M. 1945. Orientation, morphology and classification of Paleozoic straight-backet Ostracoda. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 56:12051206.Google Scholar
Swartz, F. M. 1949. Muscle marks, hinge and overlap features, and classification of some Leperditiidae. Journal of Paleontology, 23:306327.Google Scholar
Sylvester-Bradley, P. C. 1961. Order Archaeocopida Sylvester-Bradley, n. order, p. Q100Q013. In More, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Teichert, C. 1937. Ordovician and Silurian faunas from Arctic Canada. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921–1924, the Danish Expedition to the Arctic North America in Charge of Knud Rasmussen, 1(5):1169.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1897. The Lower Silurian Ostracoda of Minnesota. Report of the Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 3(2):629693.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S. 1906. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Notes and descriptions of Upper Carboniferous genera and species. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, 30:149164.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S. 1908. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary revision of the Beyrichiidae, with descriptions of new genera. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, 35:277340.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S. 1923. Paleozoic Ostracoda: their morphology, classification and occurrence. Maryland Geological Survey, Silurian:271391, 500–704, 747–776.Google Scholar
van Pelt, H. P. 1933. Some ostracodes from the Bell Shale, Middle Devonian of Michigan. Journal of Paleontology, 7:325342.Google Scholar
van Veen, J. E. 1922. The identity of genera Poloniella and Kloedenella. Proceedings of the Section of Sciences, Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschapen te Amsterdam, 23:993996.Google Scholar
van Veen, J. E. 1932. Die Cytherellidae der maastrichter Tuffkreide und des kunrader Korallenkalkes von Sued–Limburg. Verhandelingen van het Geologisch–Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap voor Nederland en Kolonien, Geologische Serie, 9:317364.Google Scholar
Warthin, A. S. 1934. Common Ostracoda of the Traverse Group. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 4(12):205226.Google Scholar
Weyant, M. 1967. Representans de quelques families d'ostracodes du Devonien inferieur Normandie (Leperditiidae, Bollidae, Arcyzonidae, Bassleratidae, Kloedenellidae, Thlipsuridae, incertae familiae). Bulletin de la Societé Linneenne de Normandie, Serie 10, 7(1966):117141.Google Scholar
Weyant, M. 1968. Ostracodes du genre Poloniella Guerich au Devonien moyen de l'île Ellesmere (Archipel Arctique Canadien). Revue Micropaleontologie, 11:99110.Google Scholar
Weyant, M. 1975. Sur l'age du membre inférieur de la Formation Blue Fiord dans le Sud–Quest de l'île Ellesmere (Archipel Arctique Canadien) d'après les conodonts. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 4:8795.Google Scholar
Zanina, I. E., and Polenova, N. E. 1960. Podklass Ostracoda, p. 264292. In Orlov, Yu. A. (ed.), Osnovy paleontologii, Chlenistonogiye, trilobitoobraznye i rakoobraznye. Gosudarstvennoye nauchnotekhnicheskoye izdatelstvo literatury po geologii i okhrane nedr, Moskva.Google Scholar
Żbikowska, B. 1983. Middle to Upper Devonian ostracods from northwestern Poland and their stratigraphic significance. Palaeontologia Polonica, 44:3108.Google Scholar