Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T13:24:28.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Epipunctae and phosphatized setae in Late Ordovician plaesiomyid brachiopods from Anticosti Island, eastern Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Jisuo Jin ,
Renbin Zhan ,
Paul Copper  and
W. G. E. Caldwell
Jisuo Jin
Affiliation:
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada,
Renbin Zhan
Affiliation:
2State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China,
Paul Copper
Affiliation:
3Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada,
W. G. E. Caldwell
Affiliation:
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Epipunctae, a new type of shell perforation, are well developed in typical taxa of the family Plaesiomyidae, a group of common orthide brachiopods from Laurentia and some other tropically located tectonic plates of Late Ordovician age. These minute, prominently elongate, tubular structures are similar to endopunctae in size and density, but differ in being oblique, intersecting the shell surface at a relatively low angle, and being confined largely to the outer portion of the shell wall. the tubules are similar in orientation to aditicules within the same shells but are much smaller and denser, usually aligned along fine growth lines and arranged in crude longitudinal columns. Exceptionally preserved phosphatic molds of bundled setal canals inside epipunctae and aditicules, described for the first time in this paper, are direct evidence that these two types of tubular structures of different sizes had the same function of housing sensory setae along the shell margin, but both the setae and the tubules became abandoned in the outer portion of the shell wall through burial by the secondary shell layer when the shell margin migrated forward. Epipunctae have been found so far only in plaesiomyid shells, but aditicules are common in many groups of the order Orthida. the taxonomic value of epipunctae is shown by a reassessment of Pionorthis Schuchert and Cooper, 1932. the hypotype previously regarded widely, but erroneously, as the archetype of ‘Orthis sola’ Billings, 1866, the type species of Pionorthis, is allied to Plaesiomys Hall and Clarke, 1892. It bears the characteristic epipunctae. the holotype of Orthis sola is a dalmanelloid shell with true punctae, assignable to Mendacella Cooper, 1930. This warrants rejection of the genus Pionorthis.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , July 2007 , pp. 666 - 683
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackerly, S. C., Cisne, J. L., Railsback, L. B., and Anderson, T. F. 1993. Punctal density in the Ordovician orthide brachiopod Paucicrura rogata: Anatomical and paleoenvironmental variation. Lethaia, 26:17–24.Google Scholar
Balthasar, U. 2004. Shell structure, ontogeny and affinities of the Lower Cambrian bivalved problematic fossil Mickwitzia muralensis Walcott, 1913. Lethaia, 37:381–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bancroft, B. B. 1928. On the notational representation of the rib-system in Orthacea. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 72:53–90.Google Scholar
Billings, E. 1866. Catalogues of the Silurian fossils of the island of Anticosti, with descriptions of some new genera and species. Geological Survey of Canada Separate Report, 427, 93 p.Google Scholar
Bolton, T. E. 1972. Geological map and notes on the Ordovician and Silurian litho- and biostratigraphy, Anticosti Island, Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 71-19, 45 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1843. Observations on the lead-bearing limestone of Wisconsin and descriptions of a new genus of trilobites and fifteen new Silurian fossils. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1:329–335.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S., and Chen, M.-G. 1990. Tommotiids from the Lower Cambrian of South China. Journal of Paleontology, 64:169–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, G. A. 1930. New species from the Upper Ordovician of Percé. American Journal of Science, 5th series, 20:51–56.Google Scholar
Cooper, G. A. 1956. Chazyan and related brachiopods. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 127(1):1–1024; 127(2):1025-1245.Google Scholar
Copper, P. 2001. Reefs during multiple crises towards the Ordovician-Silurian boundary: Anticosti Island, eastern Canada, and worldwide. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38:143–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1912. Strophomena and other fossils from Cincinnatian and Mohawkian horizons, chiefly in Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratory of Denison University, 17:17–173.Google Scholar
Fonin, V. D., and Smirnova, T. N. 1967. Novaya gruppa problematicheskikh rannekembriiskikh organismov i nekotorye metody ikh preparironaniya. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2:15–27.Google Scholar
Fu, L.-P. 1982. Brachiopoda, p. 95–178. In Xian Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (ed.), Paleontological Atlas of Northwest China, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Volume, Pt. 1, Precambrian and Early Paleozoic. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1847. Descriptions of the organic remains of the lower division of the New York System. New York State Geological Survey, Palaeontology of New York, 1, 338 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1860. Contributions to Palaeontology, 1858 and 1859. Thirteenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 55–128.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1867 (also cited as 1868). Note on the genus Eichwaldia. Twentieth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 274–278.Google Scholar
Hall, J., and Clarke, J. M. 1892. An introduction to the study of the genera of Palaeozoic Brachiopoda. New York State Geological Survey, Palaeontology of New York, 8(1), 367 p.Google Scholar
Havlíček, V. 1953. O několika nových ramenono cích českého a moravského střdního devonu. Věstník Ustředního ústavu geologického, 28:4–9.Google Scholar
Holmer, L. E., Skovsted, C. B., and Williams, A. 2002. A stem group brachiopod from the Lower Cambrian: Support for a Micrina (halkieriid) ancestry. Palaeontology, 45:875–882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, H. J. 1966. Orthacea from the Montoya Group (Ordovician) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 40:241–257.Google Scholar
Howe, H. J. 1988. Articulate brachiopods from the Richmondian of Tennessee. Journal of Paleontology, 62:204–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, J., and Copper, P. 2000. Late Ordovician and Early Silurian pentamerid brachiopods from Anticosti Island, Quebec. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 18, 140 p.Google Scholar
Jin, J., and Norford, B. S. 1996. Upper Middle Ordovician (Caradoc) brachiopods from the Advance Formation, northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 491:20–77.Google Scholar
Jin, J., and Zhan, R. 2001. Late Ordovician Articulate Brachiopods from the Red River and Stony Mountain Formations, Southern Manitoba. National Research Council of Canada NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 117 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, J., Caldwell, W. G. E., and Norford, B. S. 1997. Late Ordovician brachiopods and biostratigraphy of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northern Manitoba and Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 513, 1.15 p.Google Scholar
King, W. 1850. A monograph of the Permian fossils of England. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 258 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurie, J. R. 1986. Phosphatic fauna of the Early Cambrian Todd River Dolomite, Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Alcheringa, 10:431–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, D. G. F., and Copper, P. 1994. The Late Ordovician–Early Silurian carbonate tract of Anticosti Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Joint Annual Meeting, Waterloo, Ontario, Field Trip Guidebook, B4, 70 p.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1873. Descriptions of Invertebrate Fossils of the Silurian and Devonian Systems. Ohio Geological Survey. Vol. 1. Pt. 2. Palaeontology. 243 p.Google Scholar
Oehlert, D. P. 1890. Note sur différents groupes établis dans le genre Orthis et en particulier sur Rhipidomella Oehlert (=Rhipidomys Oehlert, olim.). Journal de Conchyliologie, ser. 3, 30:366–374.Google Scholar
Okulitch, V. J. 1943. The Stony Mountain Formation of Manitoba. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 3rd series, sect. 4, 37:59–74.Google Scholar
Rice, W. F. 1987. The systematics and biostratigraphy of the brachiopods of the Decorah Shale at St. Paul, Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations, 35:136–231.Google Scholar
Roy, S. K. 1941. The Upper Ordovician fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land. Field Museum of Natural History (Geology) Memoir, 2, 212 p.Google Scholar
Schmidt, F. 1888. Über eine neuentdeckte untercambrische fauna in Estland. Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale de Sciences, St. Petersbourg, serie 7, 36:1–27.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C. 1913. Class 2. Brachiopoda, p. 355–420. In von Zittel, K. A., Textbook of Palaeontology, Volume 1, (second edition, translated and edited byEastman, C. R.). Macmillan, London.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C., and Cooper, G. A. 1931. Synopsis of the brachiopod genera of the suborders Orthoidea and Pentameroidea, with notes on the Telotremata. American Journal of Science, 22:241–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuchert, C., and Cooper, G. A. 1932. Brachiopod genera of the suborders Orthoidea and Pentameroidea. Peabody Museum of Natural History Memoir, 4(1), 270 p.Google Scholar
Shaler, N. S. 1865. List of the Brachiopoda from the island of Anticosti sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to different institutions for exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology Bulletin, 1:61–70.Google Scholar
Sharpe, D. 1848. On Trematis, a new genus belonging to the family of brachiopodous Mollusca. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 4:66–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skovsted, C. B., and Holmer, L. E. 2003. The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from northeast Greenland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 48:1–20.Google Scholar
Twenhofel, W. H. 1928. Geology of Anticosti Island. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir, 154, 481 p.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. 1949. Maquoketa Brachiopoda of Iowa. Geological Society of America Memoir, 42, 55 p.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Copper, P., and Rong, J.-Y. 1983. Distribution and morphology of the Devonian brachiopod Punctatrypa. Journal of Paleontology, 57: 1067–1089.Google Scholar
Williams, A. 1974. Ordovician Brachiopoda from the Shelve district Shropshire. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Geology, Supplement, 11, 163 p.Google Scholar
Williams, A. 1997. Shell structure, p. 267–320. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. H, Brachiopoda (revised). 1. Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Williams, A., and Brunton, C. H. C. 1997. Morphological and anatomical terms applied to brachiopods, p. 423–440. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. H,. Brachiopoda (revised). 1. Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Williams, A., and Harper, D. A. T. 2000. Orthida, p. 714–846. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. H, Brachiopoda (revised). 1. Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Williams, A., and Holmer, L. E. 2002. Shell structure and inferred growth, functions, and affinities of the sclerites of the problematic Micrina. Palaeontology, 45:845–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, A., and Rowell, A. J. 1965. Morphology, p. 57–138. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. H, Brachiopoda. 1. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Williams, A., and Wright, A. D. 1963. The classification of the “Orthis testudinaria Dalman” group of brachiopods. Journal of Paleontology 37: 1–32.Google Scholar
Williams, A., and Wright, A. D. 1965. Orthida, p. 299–395. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. H, Brachiopoda. 1. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Williams, A., Brunton, C. H. C., and MacKinnon, D. I. 1997a. Morphology, p. 321–422. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. H, Brachiopoda (revised). 1. Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Williams, A., James, M. A., Emig, C. C., Mackey, S., and Rhodes, M. C. 1997b. Anatomy, p. 7–211. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. H, Brachiopoda (revised). 1. Introduction. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Williams, A., Popov, L. E., Holmer, L. E., and Cusack, M. 1998. The diversity and phylogeny of the paterinate brachiopods. Palaeontology, 41: 221–262.Google Scholar
Woodward, S.P. 1852. A Manual of the Mollusca; or, A Rudimentary Treatise of Recent and Fossil Shells. John Weale, London, 486 p.Google Scholar
Wright, A. D. 1981. The external surface of Dictyonella and of other pitted brachiopods. Palaeontology, 24:443–481.Google Scholar
Wright, A. D. 1994. Eodictyonella, a new name for Dictyonella Hall, 1868, not Dictyonella Schmidt, 1868. Journal of Paleontology, 68:908–909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, H.-K. 1996. Late Ordovician brachiopods from central part of eastern Qinling Region. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 35:544–574.Google Scholar
Zeng, Q-L., Liu Yin, Y.-H., Wan, J.-P., Pei, F., Yan, G.-S., Zhang, H.-Q., and Du, F.-J. 1993. Succession and ecology of brachiopod faunas across Ordovician–Silurian boundary in southern part of East Qinling Mountains. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 32(3):372–382.Google Scholar