Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T05:12:05.287Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Barycrinus (Crinoidea) from the Lower Carboniferous of England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Stephen K. Donovan
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
Cornelis J. Veltkamp
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, England

Abstract

The Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) cyathocrinine cladid crinoid Barycrinus, which is common in North America, has hitherto been recognized from Britain only on the evidence of one species, Barycrinus ribblesdalensis (Wright), based on rare dorsal cups. Barycrinus sp. pluricolumnals and plurimeres are common in the Salthill Cap Beds (Chadian), Salthill Quarry, Clitheroe, Lancashire, but are not conspecific with B. ribblesdalensis. Salthill ossicles are never preserved as individual columnals due to the relative weakness of the intermeric versus the longitudinal ligaments.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Journal of Paleontology 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I. 1983. Functional morphology and feeding dynamics of the Early Mississippian crinoid Barycrinus asteriscus. Journal of Paleontology, 57:3141.Google Scholar
Bassler, R. S. 1938. Pelmatozoa Palaeozoica, p. 1194. In Quenstedt, W. (ed.), Fossilium Catalogus, 1 (part 83). W. Junk, s'Gravenhage. [Not seen.]Google Scholar
Bassler, R. S., and Moodey, M. W. 1943. Bibliographic and faunal index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 45:1734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bather, F. A. 1899. A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1898:916923.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1990. Functional morphology of synostosial articulations in the crinoid column. Lethaia, 23:291296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donovan, S. K., and Sevastopulo, G. D. 1985. Crinoid arms from Salthill Quarry, Clitheroe, Lancashire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 45:179182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donovan, S. K., and Sevastopulo, G. D. 1988. Crinoid diversity around a Lower Carboniferous reef, Clitheroe, UK, p. 794. In Burke, R. D., Mladenov, P. V., Lambert, P., and Parsley, R. L. (eds.), Echinoderm Biology. Proceedings of the Sixth International Echinoderm Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, 23-28 August, 1987.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K., and Westhead, S. 1987. Platycrinites contractus (Gilbertson) and a new Platycrinites from the Lower Carboniferous of northern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 98:211215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, H. R. 1989. Echinoderms of the Somerset Shale Member, Salem Limestone (Mississippian), in Indiana and Kentucky. Journal of Paleontology, 63:900912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grayson, R. F. 1981. Salthill Quarry geology trail. Nature Conservancy Council, London, 26 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1858. Report of the Geological Survey of Iowa, embracing the results of investigations made during portions of the years 1855, 1856, and 1857: Palaeontology of Iowa. Report of the Geological Survey of Iowa, 1(2):473724. [Not seen.]Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1868. Remarks on some types of Carboniferous Crinoidea with descriptions of new genera and species of the same, and of one echinoid. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:335359.Google Scholar
Miller, J., and Grayson, R. F. 1972. Origin and structures of the Visean “reef” limestones near Clitheroe, Lancashire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 38:607638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. S. 1821. A natural history of the Crinoidea or lily-shaped animals, with observations on the genera Asteria, Eurayle, Comatula and Marsupites. Bryan and Co., Bristol, 150 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., Jeffords, R. M., and Miller, T. H. 1968. Morphological features of crinoid columns. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata, Article 8:130.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., Lane, N. G., and Strimple, H. L. 1978. Order Cladida Moore & Laudon, 1943, p. T578T759. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R. 1943. Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 46:1153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, p. T58T216. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Veltkamp, C. J., and Donovan, S. K. 1984. A scanning electron microscope technique for restoring deformed fossils. Lethaia, 17:191195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1973. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1942-1968. Geological Society of America Memoir 137, 341 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1974. Crinoid pluricolumnal noditaxis patterns. Journal of Paleontology, 48:12831288.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1977. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1969-1973. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 8, 235 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1986. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1974-1980. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 16, 405 p.Google Scholar
Wilkie, I. C. 1983. Nervously mediated change in the mechanical properties of the cirral ligaments of a crinoid. Marine Behavioural Physiology, 9:229248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkie, I. C., and Emson, R. H. 1988. Mutable collagenous tissues and their significance for echinoderm palaeontology and phylogeny, p. 311330. In Paul, C. R. C. and Smith, A. B. (eds.), Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Wright, J. 1950-1960. A monograph of the British Carboniferous Crinoidea. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London, 1, Pt. 1, p. 124; Pt. 2, p. 25-46; Pt. 3, p. 47-102; Pt. 4, p. 103-148; Pt. 5, p. 149-190; 2, Pt. 1, p. 191-254; Pt. 2, p. 255-272; Pt. 3, p. 273-306; Pt. 4, p. 307-328; Pt. 5, p. 329–347.Google Scholar