Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T05:41:58.326Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ammonites from the Saratoga Chalk (Upper Cretaceous), Arkansas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

W. J. Kennedy  and
W. A. Cobban
W. J. Kennedy
Affiliation:
University Museum, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, U.K.
W. A. Cobban
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Paleontology and Stratigraphy Branch, Box 25046, Mail Stop 919, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Saratoga Chalk of Arkansas yields a rich ammonite fauna of 17 species, referred to the Nostoceras (N.) hyatti zone. Recognition that the northwest European N. (N.) pozaryskii Blaszkiewicz, 1980, is a synonym of N. (N.) hyatti Stephenson, 1941, and N. (N.) helicinum (Shumard, 1861) dates the zone as latest Campanian on the basis of co-occurrence with Belemnitella langei Jeletzky, 1948, in Poland. Most previous estimates of the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary in the Gulf Coast have been drawn at too low a level, at least in terms of ammonite faunas. Elements of the N. (N.) hyatti zone fauna occur in the United States Western Interior, and show the base of the Maastrichtian there to lie above the Baculites jenseni zone.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 67 , Issue 3 , May 1993 , pp. 404 - 434
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adkins, W. S. 1928. Handbook of Texas Cretaceous fossils. University of Texas Bulletin, 2838, 385 p.Google Scholar
Adkins, W. S. 1929. Some Upper Cretaceous Taylor ammonites from Texas. University of Texas Bulletin, 2901:203–211.Google Scholar
Adkins, W. S. 1933. The Mesozoic systems in Texas, p. 239–518. In Sellards, E. H., Adkins, W. S., and Plummer, F. B., The Geology of Texas. Vol. 1. Stratigraphy. University of Texas Bulletin, 3232.Google Scholar
Alagood, J. D. 1971. Type locality description: Saratoga Chalk (Upper Cretaceous). Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, 21:467–470.Google Scholar
Anderson, F. M. 1958. Upper Cretaceous of the Pacific Coast. Geological Society of America Memoir 71, 378 p.Google Scholar
Arkhanguelsky, A. 1912. [The Upper Cretaceous deposits in eastern European Russia.] Materialy dlya Geologii Rossii, 25:631 p. [in Russian].Google Scholar
Atabekian, A. A. 1979. Correlation of the Campanian stage in Kopetdag and western Europe. Aspekte der Kreide Europas, IUGS Series A, 6:511–526.Google Scholar
Benson, R. H., and Tatro, J. O. 1964. Faunal description of Ostracoda of the Marlbrook Marl (Campanian), Arkansas. The University of Kansas, Paleontological Contributions, Art. 7, 32 p.Google Scholar
Besairie, H., and Collingon, M. 1972. Géologie de Madagascar. 1. Les terrains sédimentaires. Annales Geologiques de Madagascar, 35, 552 p.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T. 1979. The last Maastrichtian ammonites, p. 51–57. In Birkelund, T. and Bromley, R. G. (eds.), Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary Events Symposium 1, The Maastrichtian and Danian of Denmark. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 210 p. Google Scholar
Birkelund, T., Hancock, J. M., Hart, M. B., Rawson, P. F., Remane, J., Robaszynski, F., Schmid, F., and Surlyk, F. 1984. Cretaceous stage boundaries—proposals. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 33:3–20.Google Scholar
Blaszkiewicz, A. 1980. Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites of the Middle Vistual Valley, Poland: a stratigraphic-paleontologic study. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 92:1–63.Google Scholar
Böhm, J. 1898. Uber Ammonites pedernalis V. BUCH. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 1898:183–201.Google Scholar
Bolli, H., Saunders, J., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.). 1985. Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 p.Google Scholar
Bottjer, D. J. 1978. Paleoecology, ichnology, and depositional environments of Upper Cretaceous chalks (Annona Formation; chalk member of Saratoga Chalk), southwestern Arkansas. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, 423 p.Google Scholar
Bottjer, D. J. 1981. Structure of Upper Cretaceous chalk benthic communities, southwestern Arkansas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 34:225–256.Google Scholar
Bottjer, D. J. 1985. Trace fossils and palaeoenvrionments of two Arkansas Upper Cretaceous discontinuity surfaces. Journal of Paleontology, 59:282–298.Google Scholar
Bottjer, D. J. 1986. Campanian–Maastrichtian chalks of southwestern Arkansas: petrology, paleoenvrionments, and comparison with other North American and European chalks. Cretaceous Research, 7:161–196.Google Scholar
Branner, J. C. 1898. The cement materials of southwestern Arkansas. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineering, 27:42–63.Google Scholar
Brouwers, E. M., and Hazel, J. E. 1978. Ostracoda and correlation of the Severn Formation (Navarroan: Maastrichtian) of Maryland. Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Monograph, 1, 52 p.Google Scholar
Brunnschweiler, R. O. 1966. Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the Carnavon Basin of Western Australia. 1. The heteromorph Lytoceratina. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Australia, 58, 58 p.Google Scholar
Bürgl, H. 1955. La Formación Guadalupe entre Tabio y Chia en la Sabana de Bogota. Boletin Geologico. Instituto Geologico Nacional, Colombia Bogotá, 3:23–55.Google Scholar
Bürgl, H. 1957. Biostratigrafia de la Sabana de Bogota y alrededores. Boletin Geologico, Instituto Geologico Nacional, Colombia Bogotá, 5:113–185.Google Scholar
Bürgl, H. and Dumit Tobon, Y. 1954. El Cretáceo Superior en la región de Giradot. Boletin Geologico. Instituto Geologico Nacional, Colombia, Bogotá, 11:23–48.Google Scholar
Caron, M. 1985. Cretaceous planktic foraminifera, p. 17–86. In Bolli, H., Saunders, J., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Christensen, W. K. 1975. Upper Cretaceous belemnites from the Kristiansand area in Scania. Fossils and Strata, 7, 69 p.Google Scholar
Cobban, W. A. 1974. Ammonites from the Navesink Formation at Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 845, 21 p.Google Scholar
Cobban, W. A. In press. Diversity and distribution of Late Cretaceous ammonites, western interior, United States. Geological Association of Canada Special Publication.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1969. Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar (Ammonites) XVI (Campanien inférieur). Service Géologique Tananarive, 216 p.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1971. Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar (Ammonites) XVII (Maestrichtien). Service Géologique, Tananarive, 44 p.Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1855. Descriptions of eighteen new Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 7:265–268.Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1860. Descriptions of new species of the Cretaceous and Eocene fossils of Mississippi and Alabama. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4:275–298.Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1868. Synopsis of invertebrate fossils [Cretaceous and Eocene], p. 721–732. In Cook, G. H., Geology of New Jersey. New Jersey Geological Survey, Newark.Google Scholar
Dane, C. H. 1929. Upper Cretaceous formations of southwestern Arkansas. Bulletin of the Arkansas Geological Survey, 1, 215 p.Google Scholar
Defrance, M. J. L. 1816. Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traité méthodiquement des differents Etres de la Nature … 1816–1830. 60 vols. text, 12 vols. plates. Vol. 3(1816), 492 p., + 174 p. in supplement. Plates–Zoologie, Conchyliologie et Malacologie, by H. M. D. de Blainville, 1816–1830, 36 p. Levrault, Paris, Strasbourg.Google Scholar
Diener, C. 1916. Bemerkungen zur Nomenklatur der Gattung Scaphites . Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 1916:525–528.Google Scholar
Dolloff, J. H., Rozendal, R. A., Siratovich, E. N., Swain, F. M., and Woncik, J. 1967. Subsurface Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of southwestern Arkansas. Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, 17:76–104.Google Scholar
Dowling, D. B. 1917. The southern plains of Alberta. Geological Survey of Alberta Memoir, 93:1–200.Google Scholar
Drouant, R. G. 1959. Stratigraphy and Ostracoda of the Exogyra costata zone in southwestern Arkansas. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 158 p.Google Scholar
Easton, W. H. 1960. Invertebrate Palaeontology. Harper, New York, 701 p.Google Scholar
Elias, M. K. 1933. Cephalopods of the Pierre formation of Wallas County, Kansas and adjacent area. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 21:289–363.Google Scholar
Favre, E. 1869. Déscription des Mollusques fossiles de la Craie des environs de Lemberg en Galicie. H. Georg, Geneva, 187 p.Google Scholar
Forbes, E. 1846. Report on the Fossil Invertebrata from southern India, collected by Mr. Kaye and Mr. Cunliffe. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, 7:97–174.Google Scholar
Gilbert, G. K. 1896. The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado. 17th Report of the United States Geological Survey, Part 2:551–601.Google Scholar
Gill, T. 1871. Arrangement of the families of mollusks. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 227, 49 p.Google Scholar
Grabau, A. W., and Shimer, H. W. 1910. North American Index Fossils: Invertebrates, 2. A. G. Seiler and Co., New York, 909 p.Google Scholar
Grossouvre, A. de. 1894. Recherches sur la craie supérieure, 2, Paléontologie. Les ammonites de la craie supérieure. Mémoires du Service de la Carte Géologique détaillée de la France, 264 p. [misdated 1893].Google Scholar
Haas, O. 1943. Some abnormally coiled ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Angola. American Museum Novitates, 1222, 18 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J., and Meek, F. B. 1856. Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Cretaceous formations of Nebraska, with observations upon Baculites ovatus and B. compressus, and the progressive development of the septa in Baculites, Ammonites and Scaphites . American Academy of Arts and Science Memoir, new series, 5:379–411.Google Scholar
Haq, B., Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P. 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science, 235:1156–1166.Google Scholar
Hauer, F. von. 1858. Uber die Cephalopoden aus den Gosauschichten. Beitrage zur Paläontographie von Osterreich, 1:7–14.Google Scholar
Haug, E. 1908–1911. Traité de Géologie. Masson, Paris, 2024 p.Google Scholar
Haughton, S. H. 1925. Notes on some Cretaceous fossils from Angola (Cephalopoda and Echinoidea). Annals of the South African Museum, 22:263–288.Google Scholar
Hazel, J. E., and Brouwers, E. M. 1982. Biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic distribution of ostracods in the Coniacian–Maastrichtian (Austinian–Navarroan) in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal province, pp. 166–197. In Maddocks, R. F. (ed.), Guidebook of Excursions and Related Papers for the Eighth International Symposium on Ostracoda. Department of Geosciences, University of Houston, 352 p. Google Scholar
Hill, R. T. 1887. The topography and geology of the Cross Timbers and surrounding regions in northern Texas. American Journal of Science, 33:291–303.Google Scholar
Hirsch, K. F. 1975. Die Ammoniten des Pierre Meeres (Oberkreide) in den westlichen USA. Der Aufschluss, Jahrgang 26, no. 3:102–113.Google Scholar
Howarth, M. K. 1965. Cretaceous ammonites and nautiloids from Angola. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology), 10:335–412.Google Scholar
Hupsch, J. W. C. A. F. 1768. Neue in der Naturgeschichte des Niederdeutschlands gemachte Entdeckungen einiger selten und Wenig bekanten versteinerten schalthiere. Der Metternischisschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 159 p.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1889. Genesis of the Arietidae. Smithsonain Contributions to Knowledge, 673, 239 p.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1894. Phylogeny of an acquired characteristic. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 32:349–647.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1900. Cephalopoda, p. 502–604. In von Zittel, K. A. (ed.), 1896–1900, Textbook of Palaeontology, transl. Eastman, C. R. Macmillan, London and New York.Google Scholar
Jeletzky, J. A. 1948. Zur Kenntniss der Oberkretazischen Belemniten II. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 70:219–232.Google Scholar
Jeletzky, J. A. 1968. Macrofossil zones of the marine Cretaceous of the western interior of Canada and their correlation with the zones and stages of Europe and the western interior of the United States. Geological Society of Canada Paper, 67–72, 66 p.Google Scholar
Jeletzky, J. A. 1970. Cretaceous Macrofaunas. Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada, B, Economic Minerals Report, 1:649–662.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. J. 1986. Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from northern Aquitaine, France. Palaeontological Association of London Special Papers in Palaeontology, 36, 145 p.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. J., Bilotte, M., Lepicard, B., and Segura, F. 1986. Upper Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from the Petites Pyrénées. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 79:1001–1037.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. J., and Summesberger, H. 1987. Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Nagoryany (Ukrainian SSR). Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich, 13:25–78.Google Scholar
Kent, D., and Gradstein, F. 1985. A Cretaceous and Jurassic geochronology. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 76:1419–1427.Google Scholar
Klinger, H. C. 1976. Cretaceous heteromorph ammonites from Zululand. Memoir of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 69, 142 p.Google Scholar
Kner, R. 1848. Versteinerungen des Kreidemergels von Lemberg und seiner Umgebung. Haidingers Naturwissenschaft Abhandlungen, 2:1–42.Google Scholar
Kullman, J., and Wiedmann, J. 1970. Significance of sutures in phylogeny of Ammonoidea. Paleontological Contributions. University of Kansas, 44:1–32.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. P. B. A. de M. de. 1799. Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1799:63–90.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. P. B. A. de M. de. 1801. Système des Animaux sans vertebrès. Deterville, Paris, 432 p.Google Scholar
Landes, R. W. 1940. Paleontology of the marine formations of the Montana group, Pt. 2 of Geology of the southern Alberta plains. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir, 221:129–217.Google Scholar
Lewy, Z. 1967. Some late Campanian nostoceratid ammonites from southern Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 16:165–173.Google Scholar
Lewy, Z. 1969. Late Campanian heteromorph ammonites from southern Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 18:109–135.Google Scholar
Lewy, Z. 1986. Anaklinoceras reflexum Stephenson in Israel and its stratigraphic significance. Newsletters in Stratigraphy, 16:1–8.Google Scholar
Logan, W. N. 1899. Contributions to the Palaeontology of the Upper Cretaceous series. Field Columbian Museum, Geological Series, 1(6)(Publication 36):201–216.Google Scholar
Lopuski, C. 1911. Przyczynki do znajmosci fauny kredowej gub, Lubelskiej. Compte Rendu des Séances du Société Scientifique de Varsovie, 4:104–140.Google Scholar
Marks, P. 1984. Proposal for the recognition of boundaries between Cretaceous stages by means of planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 33:163–169.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1955. The bituberculate pachydiscids from Hokkaido and Saghalien. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 5:153–184.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1977. Some heteromorph Ammonites from the Cretaceous of Hokkaido. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 23:303–366.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T., and Miyauchi, T. 1984. Some Campanian ammonites from the Soya area. Special Paper, Palaeontographical Society of Japan, 27:33–91.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1859. Remarks on the Cretaceous fossils collected by Professor H. Y. Hind, on the Assiboyne and Saskatchewan exploring expedition, p. 182–185. In Hind, H. Y., North West Territory. Reports of Progress, together with a preliminary and general report on the Assiboine and Saskatchewan exploring expedition made under instructions from the Provincial Secretary, Canada. J. Lovell, Toronto.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1876. A report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the upper Missouri country. In Hayden, F. V. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 9, 629 p.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Hayden, F. V. 1856. Descriptions of new species of Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda from the Cretaceous formation of Nebraska Territory. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8(for 1856):70–72.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Hayden, F. V. 1859. Description of new organic remains collected in Nebraska Territory in the year 1857 by Dr. F. V. Hayden. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 10:41–59.Google Scholar
Morton, S. G. 1842. Description of some new species of organic remains of the Cretaceous Group of the United States; with a tabular view of the fossils hitherto discovered in this formation. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 8:207–227.Google Scholar
Neumann, M., Andreieff, P., Lambert, B., and Platel, J. P. 1984. Une exemple précis du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien en facies néritique: la région de Maurens, Dordogne (France). Compe Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 298:845–850.Google Scholar
Nowak, J. 1911. Untersuchungen über die cephalopoden der oberen Kreide in Polen. II. Teil. Die skaphiten. Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie. Classe des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles. Série B Sciences Naturelles, for 1911:547–589.Google Scholar
Obradovich, J. 1988. A different perspective on glauconite as a chromometer. Paleoceanography, 3:757–770.Google Scholar
Owen, D. D. 1852. Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, and Incidentally a Portion of Nebraska Territory: Made Under the Direction of the US Treasury Department, Philadelphia. Lippincott, Grambo and Co., Philadelphia, 195 p.Google Scholar
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1985. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils, p. 327–426. In Bolli, H., Saunders, K., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Pessagno, E. 1969. Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Western Gulf Coast area, Mexico, Texas and Arkansas. Geological Society of America Memoir 111, 139 p.Google Scholar
Petters, V. 1955. Develpment of Upper Cretaceous foraminiferal faunas in Columbia. Journal of Paleontology, 29:212–225.Google Scholar
Reeside, J. B. 1962. The Cretaceous ammonites of New Jersey. New Jersey Geological Survey Bulletin, 61:113–137.Google Scholar
Reiss, Z., Almogi-Labin, A., Honigstein, A., Lewy, Z., Lipson-Benitah, S., Moshkovitz, S., and Zaks, Y. 1985. Late Cretaceous multiple stratigraphic framework in Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Science, 34:147–166.Google Scholar
Riccardi, A. C. 1983. Scaphitids from the Upper Campanian–Lower Maastrichtian Bearpaw Formation of the western interior of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 354, 103 p.Google Scholar
Robaszynski, F., Caron, M., Gonzalez Donoso, J. M., and Wonders, A. H. (eds.). 1984. Atlas of Late Cretaceous globotruncanids. Révue de Micropaléontologie, 26:145–305.Google Scholar
Roman, F. 1938. Les ammonites jurassiques et crétacés. Essai de genera. Masson, Paris, 554 p.Google Scholar
Say, T. 1820. Observations on some species of zoophytes, shells, etc., principally fossil. American Journal of Science, (1)2:34–35.Google Scholar
Schlotheim, E. F. von. 1813. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Versteinerungen in geognostischer Hinsich. Leonard's Taschenbuch für die gesammte Mineralogie, 7:3–134.Google Scholar
Schlüter, C. 1867. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der jüngsten Ammoneen Norddeutschlands. A. Henry, Bonn, 36 p.Google Scholar
Schlüter, C. 1871–1876. Cephalopoden der oberen deutschen Kreide. Palaeontographica, 21:1–24 (1871); 21:25–120 (1872); 24:1–144 (121–264) (1876).Google Scholar
Schulz, M. G. 1979. Morphometrisch-variationsstatistiche Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Belemnitengattung Belemnella im Untermaastricht NW Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A47, 47 p.Google Scholar
Schulz, M. G., Ernst, G., Ernst, H., and Schmid, F. 1984. Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the standard section for the Upper Cretaceous White Chalk of NW Germany (Lagerdorf–Kronsmoor–Hemmoor): definitions and proposals. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 33:203–215.Google Scholar
Scott, G. R., and Cobban, W. A. 1965. Geologic and biostratigraphic map of the Pierre Shale between Jarre Creek and Loveland, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geological Investigations, Map I-439.Google Scholar
Seunes, J. 1890. Contributions à l'étude des cephalopodes du Crétacé Supérieur de France. 1. Ammonites du Calcaire à Baculites du Cotenin. Mémories de la Société Géologique de France. Paléontologie, 1, Mémoir 2:1–7.Google Scholar
Sharpe, D. 1853–1857. Description of the fossil remains of Mollusca found in the Chalk of England. I, Cephalopoda. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 68:1–26 (1853); 27–36 (1855); 37–68 (1857).Google Scholar
Shumard, B. F. 1861. Descriptions of new Cretaceous fossils from Texas. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis, 1:590–610.Google Scholar
Sissingh, W. 1977. Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 56:37–65.Google Scholar
Smith, C. C. 1975. Upper Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton zonation and stage boundaries. Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, 25:263–278.Google Scholar
Smith, J. P. 1905. The development of Scaphites . Journal of Geology, 13:635–654.Google Scholar
Sornay, J. 1969. Ammonites et Inocerames, p. 82–104. In Antunes, T. and Sornay, J., Contributions à la connaisance du Crétacé supérieur de Barra do Dande, Angola. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, 16.Google Scholar
Sowerby, J. 1817. The mineral conchology of Great Britain, 2: Pls. 151–184, A. The author, London.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1922. On the Senonian ammonite fauna of Pondoland. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 10:113–147.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1923. A monograph of the Ammonoidea of the Gault. Palaeontographical Society Monograph, Part 1:1–72.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1926. On new ammonites from the English Chalk. Geological Magazine, 63:77–83.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1927. Revision of the Jurassic Cephalopod Fauna of Kachh (Cutch). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica, (NS), 9: Mem. No. 2, Part 1:1–71.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1953. The Upper Cretaceous Cephalopod fauna of Grahamland. Scientific Reports of the British Antarctic Survey, 3:1–60.Google Scholar
Stephenson, L. W. 1941. The larger invertebrates of the Navarro Group of Texas (exclusive of corals and crustaceans and exclusive of the fauna of the Escondido Formation). University of Texas Bulletin 4101, 641 p.Google Scholar
Stoliczka, F. 1863–1866. The fossil cephalopoda of southern India. Ammonitidae with a revision of the Nautilidae. Memoirs of the Geological Society of India, Palaeontologica Indica, 3:(1), 41–56 (1863); (2–5), 57–106 (1864); (6–9), 107–154 (1865); (10–13), 155–216 (1866).Google Scholar
Thiedig, F., and Wiedmann, J. 1976. Ammoniten und Alter der höheren Kreide (Gosau) des krappefeldes in Kärnen (Osterreich). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut im Hamburg, 45:9–27.Google Scholar
Wade, B. 1926. The fauna of the Ripley Formation on Coon Creek, Tennessee. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 137, 272 p.Google Scholar
Wagreich, M. 1987. A contribution to the Nannoflora of Nagoryany (Ukrainian SSR; Upper Cretaceous). Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich, 13:85–86.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D. 1976. Upper Cretaceous ammonites (Santonian–Campanian) from Orcas Island, Washington. Journal of Paleontology, 50:454–461.Google Scholar
Wedekind, R. 1916. Über Lobus, Suturallobus und Inzision. Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Pälaontologie, for 1916:185–195.Google Scholar
Weller, S. 1907. A report on the Cretaceous paleontology of New Jersey, based upon the stratigraphic studies of George N. Knapp. Geological Survey of New Jersey, Paleontology Series, 4:1–1107.Google Scholar
Whiteaves, J. F. 1895. Notes on some fossils from the Cretaceous rocks of British Columbia. Canadian Record of Science, 6:313–318.Google Scholar
Whitfield, R. P. 1880. Paleontology of the Black Hills of Dakota, p. 325–468. In Newton, H. and Jenney, W. P., Report on the geology and resources of the Black Hills of Dakota. U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region.Google Scholar
Whitfield, R. P. 1892. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey. U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 18, 402 p.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1966. Stammesgeschichte und system den posttriadischen ammonoideen: ein überblick. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 125:49–79; 127:13–81.Google Scholar
Wright, C. W. 1952. A classification of the Cretaceous Ammonites. Journal of Paleontology, 26:213–222.Google Scholar
Wright, C. W., and Kennedy, W. J. 1984. The Ammonoidea of the Lower Chalk. Palaeontographical Society Monograph, 126 p.Google Scholar
Wright, C. W., and Wright, E. V. 1951. A survey of the fossil Cephalopoda of the Chalk of Great Britain. Palaeontographical Society Monograph, 40 p.Google Scholar
Yokoyama, M. 1890. Versteinerungen aus der japanischen Kreide. Palaeontographica, 36:159–202.Google Scholar
Young, K. 1963. Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the Gulf Coast of the United States. University of Texas Bulletin 6304, 373 p.Google Scholar
Zittel, K. A. von. 1884. Handbuch der Palaeontology. 1, Abt. 2; Lief 3, Cephalopoda, p. 329–522. R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Leipzig.Google Scholar