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Smithian platform-bearing gondolellid conodonts from Yiwagou Section, northwestern China and implications for their geographic distribution in the Early Triassic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2019

Hanxiao Li ,
Haishui Jiang ,
Yanlong Chen ,
Paul B. Wignall ,
Baojin Wu ,
Zaitian Zhang ,
Muhui Zhang ,
Zhumin Ouyang  and
Xulong Lai
Hanxiao Li
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China <1241636995@qq.com> <1159418491@qq.com>
Haishui Jiang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China <1241636995@qq.com> <1159418491@qq.com> State Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Yanlong Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Northwest University, North Taibai Road 229, Xi'an 710069, China
Paul B. Wignall
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Baojin Wu
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China <1241636995@qq.com> <1159418491@qq.com>
Zaitian Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Muhui Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China <1241636995@qq.com> <1159418491@qq.com> State Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Zhumin Ouyang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China <1241636995@qq.com> <1159418491@qq.com>
Xulong Lai
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China <1241636995@qq.com> <1159418491@qq.com> State Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Abstract

Abundant platform-bearing gondolellid conodonts, including Scythogondolella mosheri (Kozur and Mostler), Sc. phryna Orchard and Zonneveld, and Sc. cf. milleri (Müller), have been discovered from the Yiwagou Section of Tewo, together with Novispathodus waageni waageni (Sweet) and Nv. w. eowaageni Zhao and Orchard. This is the first report of Smithian platform-bearing gondolellids from the Paleo-Tethys region. In addition, Eurygnathodus costatus Staesche, E. hamadai (Koike), Parafurnishius xuanhanensis Yang et al., and the genera Pachycladina Staesche, Parachirognathus Clark, and Hadrodontina Staesche have also been recovered from Dienerian to Smithian strata at Yiwagou Section. Three conodont zones are established, in ascending order: Eurygnathodus costatus-E. hamadai Assemblage Zone, Novispathodus waageni-Scythogondolella mosheri Assemblage Zone, and the Pachycladina-Parachirognathus Assemblage Zone.

The platform-bearing gondolellids were globally distributed just after the end-Permian mass extinction, but the formerly abundant Clarkina Kozur disappeared in the late Griesbachian. Platform-bearing gondolellids dramatically decreased to a minimum of diversity and extent in the Dienerian before recovering in the Smithian. Scythogondolella Kozur, probably a thermophilic and eurythermic genus, lived in all latitudes at this time whereas other genera did not cope with Smithian high temperatures and so became restricted to the high-latitude regions. However, the maximum temperature in the late Smithian likely caused the extinction of almost all platform-bearing gondolellids. Finally, the group returned to equatorial regions and achieved global distribution again in the cooler conditions of the late Spathian. We conclude that temperature (and to a lesser extent oxygen levels) exerted a strong control on the geographical distribution and evolution of platform-bearing gondolellids in the Early Triassic.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 93 , Issue 3 , May 2019 , pp. 496 - 511
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Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society 

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