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On ex situ Ophiomorpha and other burrow fragments from the Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain, Brazil: paleobiological and taphonomic remarks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2020

Giovana Pedrol de Freitas Open the ORCID record for Giovana Pedrol de Freitas [Opens in a new window] ,
Heitor Francischini ,
Frederico Tapajós de Souza Tâmega ,
Paula Spotorno-Oliveira Open the ORCID record for Paula Spotorno-Oliveira [Opens in a new window]  and
Paula Dentzien-Dias
Giovana Pedrol de Freitas
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, 96201-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Heitor Francischini
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Paleontologia de Vertebrados and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Caixa Postal 15.001, 91501-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Frederico Tapajós de Souza Tâmega
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, 96201-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Paula Spotorno-Oliveira
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, 96201-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Paula Dentzien-Dias
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, 96201-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Abstract

The Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain (southern Brazil) is composed of extensive marine and continental deposits related to at least four lagoon-barrier systems of Pleistocene−Holocene age. Part of these deposits is currently submerged and passing through erosion processes by waves. Vertebrate and invertebrate body and trace fossils are constantly exhumed from these deposits and redeposited on the modern beach face. Among them, a total of 253 fragments of crustacean burrows were collected for this study. Two ichnospecies of Ophiomorpha Lundgren, 1891 were recognized (O. nodosa Lundgren, 1891 and O. puerilis Gibert et al., 2006), but most of the materials can only be assigned to the ‘SOT’ group (Spongeliomorpha de Saporta, 1887, Ophiomorpha, and Thalassinoides Ehrenberg, 1944), mainly because of the lack of a pelleted lining. The absence of pellets and, as a consequence, the ichnotaxonomy of these specimens, is related to taphonomical processes (exhumation, reworking, and transportation) that acted during formation of the ex situ assemblage. The paleoenvironmental dynamics and a taphonomical model are presented to demonstrate how these processes affected the trace fossils since their construction, through exhumation until deposition. Neoichnological observations led us to infer larger producers in comparison to the extant ghost shrimp Sergio mirim (Rodrigues, 1971).

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 94 , Issue 6 , November 2020 , pp. 1148 - 1164
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Copyright © 2020, The Paleontological Society

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