Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T15:33:31.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New interatheres (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Late Oligocene Salla beds of Bolivia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Ralph B. Hitz ,
Guillaume Billet  and
Dewayne Derryberry
Ralph B. Hitz
Affiliation:
1Earth Sciences Department, Tacoma Community College, 6501 S 19th Street, Tacoma, Washington 98466
Guillaume Billet
Affiliation:
2UMR5143 (MNHN, CNRS, UPMC), Département Histoire de la Terre (CP38), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
Dewayne Derryberry
Affiliation:
3Mathematics Department, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Ave. Stop 8085, Pocatello, Idaho 83209-8085,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two new Deseadan interatheriine genera (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the late Oligocene Salla Beds of BOLIVIA are described. Both are monotypic and one is known from a partial skeleton, a rarity among known pre-Santacrucian interathere taxa. Phylogenetically, both taxa nest well within Interatheriinae, showing characteristically bilobed p3-4. Both taxa also have derived characters (hypselodont cheeckteeth, persistent lingual sulcus on upper molars) relative to basal interatheriines such as Santiagorothia and Proargyrohyrax but are clearly plesiomorphic with respect to younger, more highly derived Santacrucian interatheriine taxa such as Interatherium and Protypotherium. New species Brucemacfaddenia boliviensis is on average larger than the other new Salla interatheriine, Federicoanaya sallaensis, although they do overlap in size. Distinguishing between the two new taxa based purely on molar morphology is confounded by lack of diagnostic characters on the molar teeth and the overlap in size between the taxa. We overcome this difficulty of identifying specimens that preserve only molars by using discriminant analysis. We present a few of the simpler yet still robust discriminant functions we used so that future workers have a means of identifying problematic specimens. Analysis of Salla interathere specimens and stratigraphic provenance indicates both taxa experienced a modest increase in body size upsection, the driving mechanism for which remains unknown, but could be environmental changes or simple drift. These two new taxa help emphasize the fact that while the Salla fauna shares elements with roughly contemporaneous Deseadan faunas from more southerly latitudes, important faunal distinctions mark the two regions as well.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 82 , Issue 3 , May 2008 , pp. 447 - 469
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ameghino, F. 1882. Catálogo de la provincia de Buenos Aires en la Exposición Continentale Sud-America, Marzo.Google Scholar
Ameghino, F. 1887. Observaciones generales sobre el órden de mamíferos extinguidos Sud-Americanos. Lamados, toxodontes (Toxodontia) y synópsis de los géneros y especies hasta ahora conocidos. Anales Museo de La Plata. Buenos Aires, 6, xxxii+1027 p. (atlas, 98 pls).Google Scholar
Ameghino, F. 1896. Notas sobre cuestiones de geología y paleontología Argentinas. Boletín del Instituto Geográfico Argentino, Buenos Aires, tomo XVII:92 p.Google Scholar
Ameghino, F. 1897. Mammifères crétacés de l'Argentine, (deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Pyrotherium. Boletín del Instituto Geográfico Argentino, tomo VIII:406–429,431-531.Google Scholar
Ameghino, F. 1901. Notices préliminaires sur des ongulés nouveau des terrains crétacés de Patagonie. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba, tomo XVI:350–426.Google Scholar
Ameghino, F. 1902. Première contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Colpodon. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba, tomo XVII:71–138.Google Scholar
Ameghino, F. 1904. Nuevas especies de mamíferos, cretáceos y terciaros de la República Argentina. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentino, 57: 162–175,35-41, 58:56-71, 182-192, 225-290.Google Scholar
Bond, M., López, G., and Reguero, M. 1996. “Astraponotéen plus supérieure” of Ameghino: Another interval in the Paleogene record of South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, supplement: 23A.Google Scholar
Bond, M., Carlini, A. A., Goin, F. J., Legarreta, L., Ortiz Jaureguizar, E., Pascual, R., and Uliana, M. A. 1995. Episodes in South America land mammal evolution and sedimentation: Testing their apparent concurrence in a Paleocene succession from Central Patagonia. VI Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Trelew, Actas: 47–58.Google Scholar
Cifelli, R. L. 1985. South American ungulate evolution and extinction, p. 249–266. In Stehli, F. G. and Webb, S. D. (eds.), The Great American Interchange, Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Cifelli, R. L. 1993. Phylogeny of native South American ungulates, p. 195–216. In Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J., and McKenna, M. C. (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny, Placentals, Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Cifelli, R. L. and Soria, M. F. 1983a. Notes on Deseadan Macraucheniidae. Ameghiniana, 20:141–153.Google Scholar
Cifelli, R. L. and Soria, M. F. 1983b. Systematics of the Adianthidae (Litopterna, Mammalia). American Museum Novitates, no. 2171:25 p.Google Scholar
Croft, D. A. 2007. The middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia, and a description of its notoungulates. Paleontology, 50: 277–303.Google Scholar
Croft, D. A. and Anaya, F. 2006. A new middle Miocene hegetotheriid (Notoungulata: Typotheria) and a phylogeny of the Hegetotheriidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26:387–399.Google Scholar
Croft, D. A., Flynn, J. J., and Wyss, A. R. 2004. Notoungulata and Litopterna of the early Miocene Chucal Fauna, northern Chile. Fieldiana: Geology (New Series), 50:1–52.Google Scholar
Croft, D. A., Burns, M. K., Flynn, J. J., Grana, S. C., and Wyss, A. R. 2006. New specimens from the early Miocene Chucal Fauna, northern Chile, and a description of its xenarthrans. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26, supplement to no. 3:53A.Google Scholar
Engelmann, G. F. 1987. A new Deseadan sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from Salla, Bolivia and its implications for the primitive condition of the dentition in Edentates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7:217–223.Google Scholar
Flynn, J. J. and Swisher, C. C. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: Correlation to global geochronologies, p. 319–333. In Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M. P., and Hardenbol, J. (eds.), Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK, Special Publication 54.Google Scholar
Flynn, J. J., Wyss, A. R., Croft, D. A., and Charrier, R. 2003. The Tinguiririca Fauna, Chile: Biochronology, paleoecology, biogeography, and a new earliest Oligocene South American Land Mammal “Age”. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195:229–259.Google Scholar
Flynn, J. J., Croft, D. A., Charrier, R., Hérail, G., and Wyss, A. R. 2002. The first Cenozoic mammal fauna from the Chilean Altiplano. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22:200–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goin, F. J. and Candela, A. M. 1997. New Patagonian Marsupials from Ameghino's “Astraponotéen Plus Supérieure” (Post-Mustersan/Pre-Deseadan Age). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17, supplement.Google Scholar
Hartenberger, J. L. 1975. Nouvelles découvertes de Rongeurs dans le Déséadian (Oligocène inférieur) del Salla Luribay (Bolivie). Comptes Rendus des Séances, Académie de Science, Paris, 280:427–430.Google Scholar
Hitz, R. 1997. Contributions to South American Mammalian Paleontology: New Interatheres (Notoungulata) from Chile and Bolivia, Typothere (Notoungulata) Phylogeny, and Paleosols from the Late Oligocene Salla Beds. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara, 219 p.Google Scholar
Hitz, R., Flynn, J. J., and Wyss, A. R. 2006. New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile. American Museum Novitates, 3520, 32 p.Google Scholar
Hitz, R., Reguero, M., Wyss, A. R., and Flynn, J. J. 2000. New Interatheriines (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Paleogene of central Chile and Southern Argentina. Fieldiana: Geology (New Series), 42:26 p.Google Scholar
Hoffstetter, R. 1968. Un gisement de mammifères déséadiens (Oligocène inférieur) en Bolivie: Comptes Rendus des Scéances, Académie de Science, Paris, 267:1095–1097.Google Scholar
Hoffstetter, R. 1969. Un primate de l'Oligocène inférieur sud-american: Branisella boliviana gen. et sp. nov. Comptes Rendus des Scéances, Académie de Science, Paris, 269:434–437.Google Scholar
Hoffstetter, R. 1976. Rongeurs caviomorphes de l'Oligocène de Bolivie. Palaeovertebrata, 7:1–14.Google Scholar
Hoffstetter, R. and Lavocat, R. 1970. Découverte dans le Déséadien de Bolivie des genres pentalophodontes appuyant les affinities africaines des rongeurs Caviomorphes. Comptes Rendus des Scéances, Académie de Science, Paris, 271:172–175.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. A. and Wichern, D. W. 1988. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis (second edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 530 p.Google Scholar
Kay, R. F., Madden, R., Cifelli, R. L., and Flynn, J. J. 1997. Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 592 p.Google Scholar
Kay, R. F., MacFadden, Bs. J., Madden, R. H., Anaya, F., and Farrar, E. 1995. New radiometric dates confirm late Oligocene age of Deseadan Salla Beds, Bolivia, and the oldest known South American primate. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15, supplement: p. 38A.Google Scholar
Kay, R. F., MacFadden, B. J., Madden, R. H., Sandeman, H., and Anaya, F. 1998. Revised age of the Salla beds, Bolivia, and its bearing on the age of the Deseadan South American land mammal “age.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18:189–199.Google Scholar
Lavocat, R. 1976. Rongeurs caviomorphes de L'Oligocène de Bolivie. II. Rongeurs du Bassin Déséadien de Salla-Luribay. Palaeovertebrata, 7:867–874.Google Scholar
MacFadden, B. J. and Frailey, C. D. 1984. Pyrotherium, a large enigmatic ungulate (Mammalia, incertae sedis) from the Deseadan (Oligocene) of Bolivia. Palaeontology, 27:867–874.Google Scholar
MacFadden, B. J., Campbell, K. E. Jr., Cifelli, R. L., Siles, O., Johnson, N. M., Maeser, C. W., and Zeitler, P. K. 1985. Magnetic polarity stratigraphy and mammalian fauna of the Deseadan (late Oligocene-early Miocene) Salla beds of northern Bolivia. Journal of Geology, 93:223–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, R. H., Guerrero, J., Kay, R. F., Flynn, J. J., Swisher, C. C. iii, and Walton, A. H. 1997. The Laventan Stage and Age, p. 499–519. In Kay, R. F., Madden, R. H., Cifelli, R. L., and Flynn, J. J. (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: the Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Columbia, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. G. and Cifelli, R. L. 1990. Analysis of changing diversity patterns in Cenozoic Land Mammal Age faunas, South America. Palaeovertebrata, 19:169–210.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. G., Hoffstetter, R., and Pascual, R. 1983. Mammals and stratigraphy: Geochronology of the continental mammal-bearing Tertiary of South America. Montpellier, Palaeovertebrate, Mémoire Extraordinaire, p. 1–93, 10 figures.Google Scholar
McRae, L. M. 1990. Paleomagnetic isochrons, unsteadiness, and uniformity of sedimentation in Miocene intermontane basin sediments at Salla, eastern Andean Cordillera, Bolivia. Journal of Geology, 98:479–500.Google Scholar
Menard, S. 2000. Coefficients of determination for multiple logistic regression analysis. The American Statistician, 54:17–24.Google Scholar
Minitab 14.0. 2006. Minitab Inc., State College, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Pascual, R. and Ortiz Jaureguizar, E. 1990. Evolving climates and mammal faunas in Cenozoic South America. Journal of Human Evolution, 19: 23–60.Google Scholar
Patterson, B. and Wood, A. E. 1982. Rodents from the Deseadan Oligocene of Bolivia and the relationship of the Caviomorpha. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 149:371–543.Google Scholar
Paula Couto, C. de. 1978a. Ungulados fosseis do Riochiquense de Itaboraí, RJ, Brasil II—Condylarthra e Litopterna. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 50(2):209–218.Google Scholar
Paula Couto, C. de. 1978b. Ungulados fosseis do Riochiquense de Itaboraí, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. III—Notoungulata e Trigonostylopoidea. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 50(2):219–226.Google Scholar
Price, L. I. and de Paula Couto, C. 1950. Vertebrados terrestres do Eoceno na bacia calcária de Itaboraí, Brasil. Anais Do Segundo Congresso Panamericano de Engenharia de Minas e Geologia, Rio de Janeiro, 3:149–173(Dated 1946 but published until 1950).Google Scholar
Reguero, M. A. and Cerdeño, E. 2005. New late Oligocene Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla, Bolivia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25:674–684.Google Scholar
Reguero, M. A., Bond, M., and López, G. M. 1996. Campanorco inauguralis (Typotheria, Notoungulata): an approach to the phylogeny of the Typotheria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, supplement:59A.Google Scholar
Reguero, M. A., Ubilla, M., and Perea, D. 2003. A new species of Eopachyrucos (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) from the Late Oligocene of Uruguay. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:445–457.Google Scholar
Reyment, R. A. 1991. Multidimensional Paleobiology. Pergamon Press: New York, 377 p.Google Scholar
Reyment, R. A., Blackith, R. E., and Campbell, N. A. 1984. Multivariate Morphometrics (second edition). Academic Press, London, 233 p.Google Scholar
Roth, S. 1902. Notas sobre algunos nuevos mamíferos fosíles. Anales Museo de La Plata 10:251–256.Google Scholar
Shockey, B. J. 1997a. Toxodontia of Salla, Bolivia (late Oligocene): Taxonomy, systematics, and functional morphology. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, 275 p.Google Scholar
Shockey, B. J. 1997b. Two new notoungulates (Family Notohippidae) from the Salla beds of Bolivia (Deseadan: late Oligocene): Systematics and functional morphology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17:584–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shockey, B. J. 2005. New leontiniids (Class Mammalia, Order Notoungulata, Family Leontiniidae) from the Salla Beds of Bolivia (Deseadan, late Oligocene). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 45:249–260.Google Scholar
Shockey, B. J. and Anaya, F. 2004. Pyrotherium macfaddeni, sp. nov. (late Oligocene, Bolivia) and the pedal morphology of pyrotheres. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24:481–488.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85:1–350.Google Scholar
Sinclair, W. 1909. Typotheria of the Santa Cruz beds. Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 4:1–110.Google Scholar
Stirton, R. A. 1953. A new genus of interatheres from the Miocene of Columbia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 29: 265–348.Google Scholar
Systat, . 1992. Statistics, Version 5.2 Edition. Evanston, IL: SYSTAT, Inc., 724 p.Google Scholar
Takai, M. F. and Anaya, F. 1996. New specimens of the oldest fossil platyrrhine, Branisella boliviana, from Salla, Bolivia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 99:301–317.Google Scholar
Tauber, A. A. 1996. Los representantes del género Protypotherium (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) del Mioceno temprano del sudeste de la Provincia de Santa Cruz. Miscelánea de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba, Argentina, 95:3–32.Google Scholar
Villarroel, C. and Marshall, L. G. 1982. Geology of the Deseadan (early Oligocene) age “Estratos Salla” in the Salla-Luribuy Basin, Bolivia, with a description of new Marsupalia. Geobios, Mémoire Spécial, 6:201–211.Google Scholar
Wolff, R. G. 1984a. New early Oligocene Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Marsupalia) from Salla, Bolivia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4:570–574.Google Scholar
Wolff, R. G. 1984b. New specimens of the primate Branisella boliviana from the early Oligocene of Salla, Bolivia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4:570–574.Google Scholar
Wyss, A. R., Flynn, J. J., Norell, M. A., Swisher, C. C. III, Novacek, M. J., Mckenna, M. C., and Charrier, R. 1994. Paleogene Mammals from the Andes of Central Chile: A preliminary taxonomic, biostratigraphic, and geochronologic assessment. American Museum Novitates, 3098, 31 p.Google Scholar
Zittel, K. A. von. 1893. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. IV: Band: Vertebrata (Mammalia). Druck und verlan von R. Oldenbourg, Munchen und Leipzig, 590 p.Google Scholar