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New data on the anatomy of Conularia milwaukeensis Cleland, 1911 (Middle Devonian, Iowa and Wisconsin)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Heyo Van Iten ,
Juliana de Moraes Leme ,
Sabrina Coelho Rodrigues  and
Marcello Guimarães Simõtes
Heyo Van Iten
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana 47243,
Juliana de Moraes Leme
Affiliation:
Department of Sedimentary and Environmental Geology, Graduate Program in Sedimentary Geology, University of São Paulo, Brazil, ,
Sabrina Coelho Rodrigues
Affiliation:
Department of Sedimentary and Environmental Geology, Graduate Program in Sedimentary Geology, University of São Paulo, Brazil, ,
Marcello Guimarães Simõtes
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Paleozoology, São Paulo State University, Brazil,
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Extract

Reexamination of previously described conulariids has shown that the morphology of steeply pyramidal, generally four-sided conulariid exoskeletons is more complex than was realized by earlier generations of conulariid specialists (e.g., Van Iten, 1992a, 1992b; Jerre, 1994; Van Iten et al., 1996). Much of this complexity is expressed as variation in the anatomy of the corners and midlines (Van Iten, 1992a). In nearly all conulariids, the corners are sulcate, and in some genera (e.g., Archaeoconularia Bouček, 1939 and Pseudoconularia Bouček, 1939) the longitudinal center line, or midline, of the faces also is sulcate or is marked by a straight or zigzagged ridge. In the oldest known conulariid, Baccaconularia Hughes, Gunderson, and Weedon, 2000 (Cambrian: Furongian Series), the midlines are marked by a series of elongate invaginations. Corners and/or midlines of many other conulariids exhibit subtle or pronounced internal thickening (e.g., Van Iten, 1992a; Jerre, 1994). Most such conulariids exhibit one or two sets of longitudinal ridges, or carinae, with a single carina at each corner and/or a single carina or a pair of carinae at each midline. The height of the carinae varies considerably between species, ranging from less than one-fiftieth to over one-half the distance to the center of the exoskeletal cavity. Both corner and midline carinae may be continuous or (less frequently) seriated. Also, the abaxial edge of single midline carinae may have a single crest or (rarely) it may be weakly or strongly bifurcate.

Type
Paleontological Notes
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 80 , Issue 2 , March 2006 , pp. 392 - 395
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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