Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:53:07.332Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A new cheilostome bryozoan from a dinosaur site in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation of Montana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2021

Paul D. Taylor Open the ORCID record for Paul D. Taylor [Opens in a new window]  and
Raymond R. Rogers
Paul D. Taylor*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
Raymond R. Rogers
Affiliation:
Geology Department, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
*
*Corresponding author
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Few bryozoans have been described from the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (WIS), which is consistent with the low diversity of other typically stenohaline groups in this large expanse of relatively shallow marine water. Here we describe a new cheilostome bryozoan, Conopeum flumineum n. sp., based on well-preserved material from the Campanian Judith River Formation of the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument in north-central Montana. The new species shows strong morphological similarities with Conopeum seurati, a Recent species that is often categorized as brackish, but which is euryhaline and can also be found in marine and stenohaline environments. The new Campanian bryozoan species was found in a locality also containing fragmentary remains of dinosaurs and other terrestrial vertebrates, as well freshwater mollusks and terrestrial plant debris. The sedimentology and facies associations of the fossil-bearing site suggest that the depositional setting was a swamp or tidally influenced fluvial backwater on the Judith River coastal plain. The proximity of the site to the western shoreline of the WIS presumably made it susceptible to occasional marine flooding during storms or extreme tides. Previous occurrences of Conopeum in the Cretaceous of the Western Interior have also been associated with dinosaur remains, corroborating the very nearshore and at times even ‘upstream’ distribution of this euryhaline genus.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/bb1fdc8a-5017-44c5-9251-9e24ef3995e3.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 95 , Issue 5 , September 2021 , pp. 965 - 973
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allan, J.A., and Sanderson, J.O.G., 1945, Geology of the Red Deer and Rosebud sheets, Alberta: Report of the Research Council of Alberta, v. 13, p. 1–109.Google Scholar
Bijma, J., and Boekschoten, G.J., 1985, Recent bryozoan reefs and stromatolite development in brackish inland lakes, SW Netherlands: Senckenbergiana Maritima, v. 17, p. 163–185.Google Scholar
Blakey, R., 2013, Regional paleogeographic views of earth history: Colorado Plateau Geosystems, Inc., http://cpgeosystems.com.Google Scholar
Brinkman, D.B., 1990, Paleoecology of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada: evidence from vertebrate microfossil localities: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 78, p. 37–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busk, G., 1852, An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago &c, in MacGillivray, J., ed., Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley …1846–1850; including discoveries and surveys in New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, etc., to which is added the account of Mr E. B. Kennedy's expedition for the exploration of the Cape York Peninsula [including Mr W. Carron's narrative]. Vol. 1: London, T.W. Boone, p. 343–402.Google Scholar
Busk, G., 1854, Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II. Cheilostomata (part.): London, Trustees of the British Museum, 66 p.Google Scholar
Canu, F., 1908, Iconographie des bryozoaires fossiles de l'Argentine. Première Partie: Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, v. 10, p. 245–341.Google Scholar
Canu, F., 1928, Trois nouveaux bryozoaires d'eau douce: Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, v. 19, p. 262–264.Google Scholar
Cook, P.L., 1962, The early larval development of Membranipora seurati (Canu) and Electra crustulenta (Pallas), (Polyzoa Ectoprocta): Cahiers de Biologie Marine, v. 3, p. 57–60.Google Scholar
Cuffey, R.J., 1994, Cretaceous bryozoan faunas of North America—preliminary generalizations, in Hayward, P.J., Ryland, J.S., and Taylor, P.D., eds., Biology and Palaeobiology of Bryozoans: Fredensborg, Olsen and Olsen, p. 55–56.Google Scholar
Cuffey, R.J., Feldmann, R.M. and Pohlable, K.E., 1981, New Bryozoa from the Fox Hills Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous, Maestrichtian) of North Dakota: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 401–409.Google Scholar
Dudley, J.E., 1973, Observations on the reproduction, early larval development, and colony astogeny of Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu): Chesapeake Science, v. 14, p. 270–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberth, D.A., 1996, Origin and significance of mud-filled incised valleys (Upper Cretaceous) in southern Alberta, Canada: Sedimentology, v. 43, p. 459–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberth, D.A., 2015, Origins of dinosaur bonebeds in the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 52, p. 655–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberth, D.A., Rogers, R.R., and Fiorillo, A.R., 2007, A practical approach to the study of bonebeds, in Rogers, R., Eberth, D., and Fiorillo, A., eds., Bonebed: Genesis, Analysis, and Paleobiological Significance: Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, p. 265–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrenberg, C.G., 1831, Symbolæ physicæ, seu icones et descriptiones animalium evertebratorum, sepositis insectis, quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Ægyptum, Nubiam, Dongalam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam public institutis sumptu Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiano Godofredi Ehrenberg medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum, studio annis MDCCCXX–MDCCCXXV redierunt: Berlin, G. Reimer, 128 p.Google Scholar
Freitas, M.C., Cacao, M., Cancela da Fonseca, L., Caroca, C., and Galopim de Carvalho, A.M., 1994, Unusual co-occurrence of serpulids and Bryozoa in a lagoonal system (Albufeira coastal lagoon—Portugal): Gaia, v. 8, p. 39–46.Google Scholar
Frey, R.W. and Larwood, G.P., 1971. Pyripora shawi; new bryozoan from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas (Niobrara Chalk) and Arkansas (Brownstown Marl): Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, p. 969–976.Google Scholar
Goodwin, M.B., and Deino, A.L., 1989, The first radiometric ages from the Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous), Hill County, Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, p. 1384–1391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, D.P., Sutherland, J.E., Perez, B.A., Waeschenbach, A., Taylor, P.D., and Di Martino, E., 2020, The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928): Journal of Natural History, v. 54, p. 947–970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1848, List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collections of the British Museum. Part I. Centrionae or Radiated Animals: London, Trustees of the British Museum, 173 p.Google Scholar
Grischenko, A.V., Dick, M.H. and Mawatari, S.F., 2007, Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan: Journal of Natural History, v. 41, p. 1047–1161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattin, D.E., 1986, Carbonate substrates of the Late Cretaceous Sea, Central Great Plains and Southern Rocky Mountains: Palaios, v. 1, p. 347–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, W.W., Eicher, D.L., and Diner, R., 1993, Physical oceanography and water masses in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, in Caldwell, W.G.E., and Kauffman, E.G., eds., Evolution of the Western Interior Basin: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, v. 39, p. 297–318.Google Scholar
Koletic, N., Novosel, M., Rajevic, N., and Franjevic, D., 2014, Bryozoans are returning home: recolonization of freshwater ecosystems inferred from phylogenetic relationships: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, p. 255–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kues, B.S., 1983, Bryozoan and crustacean remains from Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, August 1983, p. 52–56.Google Scholar
Lang, W.D., 1914, Some new genera and species of Cretaceous cheilostome Polyzoa: Geological Magazine, decade 6, v. 1, p. 436–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leidy, J., 1856, Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the bad lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, v. 8, p. 72–73.Google Scholar
Levinsen, G.M.R., 1902, Studies on Bryozoa: Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, v. 54, p. 1–31.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C., 1767, Systema Naturae. 12th edition: Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, 1327 p.Google Scholar
Marchini, A., Cunha, M.R., and Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., 2007, First observations on bryozoans and entoprocts in the Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal) including the first record of the Pacific invasive cheilostome Tricellaria inopinata: Marine Ecology, v. 28, suppl. 1, p. 154–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martha, S.O., Taylor, P.D., and Rader, W.L., 2019, Early Cretaceous gymnolaemate bryozoans from the early to middle Albian of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of Texas, USA: Journal of Paleontology, v. 93, p. 260–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nonnis Marzano, C., Gravina, M.F., Fianchini, A., Portacci, G., Gherardi, M., Tursi, A., and Corriero, G., 2010, The macrozoobenthos of the Karavasta lagoon system (Albania): local assemblages and geographical comparisons: Marine Ecology, v. 31, p. 622–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikulina, E.A., and Schäfer, P., 2006, Bryozoans of the Baltic Sea: Meyniana, v. 58, p. 75–95.Google Scholar
O'Dea, A., and Okamura, B., 1999, Influence of seasonal variation in temperature, salinity and food availability on module size and colony growth of the estuarine bryozoan Conopeum seurati: Marine Biology, v. 135, p. 581–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortmann, A.E., 1890, Die japanische Bryozoenfauna (Bericht über die von Herrn Dr. L. Döderlein im Jahre 1880–81 gemachten Sammlungen.): Arch Naturgeschichte, v. 54, p. 1–72.Google Scholar
Ostrovsky, A.N., 2021, Sexual reproduction in Bryozoa, in Schwaha, T., ed., Handbook of Zoology. Phylum Bryozoa: Berlin, De Gruyter, p. 101–121.Google Scholar
Palinska, K.A., Scholz, J., Sterflinger, K., Gerdes, G., and Bone, Y., 1999, Microbial mats associated with bryozoans (Coorong Lagoon, South Australia): Facies, v. 41, p. 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poluzzi, A., and Sabelli, B., 1985, Polymorphic zooids in deltaic species populations of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928) (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): Marine Ecology, v. 6, p. 265–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, E.M., Tapanila, L., and Mijal, B., 2008, Taphonomy and sedimentology of storm-generated continental shell beds: a case example from the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin: The Journal of Geology, v. 116, p. 462–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R., 1993, Systematic patterns of time-averaging in the terrestrial vertebrate record: a Cretaceous case study, in Kidwell, S.M., and Behrensmeyer, A.K., eds., Taphonomic Approaches to Time Resolution in Fossil Assemblages: Short Courses in Paleontology (The Paleontological Society), no. 6, p. 228–249.Google Scholar
Rogers, R.R., 1994, Nature and origin of through-going discontinuities in nonmarine foreland basin deposits, Upper Cretaceous, Montana: implications for sequence analysis: Geology, v. 22, p. 1119–1122.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R, 1998, Sequence analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River formations, Montana: nonmarine response to the Claggett and Bearpaw marine cycles: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 68, p. 615–631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R., and Brady, M.E., 2010, Origins of microfossil bonebeds: insights from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of north-central Montana: Paleobiology, v. 36, p. 80–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R., and Kidwell, S.M., 2000, Associations of vertebrate skeletal concentrations and discontinuity surfaces in nonmarine and shallow marine records: a test in the Cretaceous of Montana: The Journal of Geology, v. 108, p. 131–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, R., and Kidwell, S., 2007, A conceptual framework for the genesis and analysis of vertebrate skeletal concentrations, in Rogers, R., Eberth, D., and Fiorillo, A., eds., Bonebed: Genesis, Analysis, and Paleobiological Significance: Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, p. 1–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R., Kidwell, S.M., Deino, A., Mitchell, J.P., and Nelson, K., 2016, Age, correlation, and lithostratigraphic revision of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation in its type area (north-central Montana), with a comparison of low- and high-accommodation alluvial records: The Journal of Geology, v. 124, p. 99–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R., Carrano, M.T., Curry Rogers, K.A., Perez, M., and Regan, A.K., 2017, Isotaphonomy in concept and practice: an exploration of vertebrate microfossil bonebeds in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation, north-central Montana: Paleobiology, v. 43, p. 248–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R., Curry Rogers, K.A., Bagley, B.C., Goodin, J.J., Hartman, J.H., Thole, J.T., and Zatoń, M., 2018, Pushing the record of trematode parasitism of bivalves upstream and back to the Cretaceous: Geology, v. 46, p. 431–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, R.R., Regan, A.K., Weaver, L.N., Thole, J.T., and Fricke, H.C., 2020, Tracking authigenic mineral cements in fossil bones from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine and Judith River formations of Montana: Palaios, v. 35, p. 135–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryland, J.S., 1970, Bryozoans: London, Hutchinson, 175 p.Google Scholar
Sankey, J.T., and Baszio, S., eds., 2008, Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography: Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 278 p.Google Scholar
Slattery, J.S., Cobban, W.A., McKinney, K.C., Harries, P.J., and Sandness, A.L., 2015, Early Cretaceous to Paleocene paleogeography of the Western Interior Seaway: the interaction of eustasy and tectonism: Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook 2015, p. 22–60.Google Scholar
Stach, L.W., 1937, Bryozoa of Lady Julia Percy Island: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, v. 49, p. 374–384.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 1988, Major radiation of cheilostome bryozoans: triggered by the evolution of a new larval type?: Historical Biology, v. 1, p. 45–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 2019, A brief review of the scanty fossil record of Cretaceous bryozoans from Gondwana: Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs, v. 52, p. 147–154.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 2020, Bryozoan Paleobiology: Oxford, Wiley Blackwell, 320 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, P.D., and Cuffey, R.J. 1992, Cheilostome bryozoans from the Upper Cretaceous of the Drumheller area, Alberta, Canada: Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series, v. 48, p. 13–24.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., and McKinney, F.K., 2006, Cretaceous Bryozoa from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal plains, United States: Scripta Geologica, v. 132, p. 1–346.Google Scholar
Thomson, K. S., 2006, Marginalia: American dinosaurs: Who and what was first?: American Scientist, v. 94, p. 209–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toots, H., and Cutler, J.F., 1962, Bryozoa from the ‘Mesaverde’ Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of southeastern Wyoming: Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 81–86.Google Scholar
Weishampel, D.B., Barrett, P.M., Coria, R.A., Le Loeuff, J., Xu, X., Zhao, X.J., Sahni, A., Gomani, E.M.P., and Noto, C.R., 2004, Dinosaur distribution, in Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., Osmolska, H., eds., The Dinosauria, 2nd edition: Los Angeles, University of California Press, p. 517–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, C.A., 1879, Paleontological papers no. 11: remarks upon certain Carboniferous fossils: Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, v. 5, no. 2, p. 209–221.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.A., and Taylor, P.D., 2013, Palaeoecology, preservation and taxonomy of encrusting ctenostome bryozoans inhabiting ammonite body chambers in the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale of Wyoming and South Dakota, USA: Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, v. 143, p. 419–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winston, J.E., 1977, Distribution and ecology of estuarine ectoprocts: a critical review: Chesapeake Science, v. 18, p. 34–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar