Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:51:38.122Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Neognathodus-based biozonation of the Desmoinesian Series (Pennsylvanian) in the Illinois Basin, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2019

Alexander N. Zimmerman Open the ORCID record for Alexander N. Zimmerman [Opens in a new window] ,
Lewis M. Brown  and
Carl B. Rexroad
Alexander N. Zimmerman
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
Lewis M. Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Physics, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 49783, USA
Carl B. Rexroad
Affiliation:
Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Neognathodus Index (NI) is developed as a primary biostratigraphic indicator for the Desmoinesian Series of the Illinois Basin in Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky. It is based on the gradual evolutionary morphotypic variations of P1 elements of named species of Neognathodus Dunn, 1970. The NI analyses and zonations presented herein are constructed from 472 productive conodont samples from 105 different localities. NIs for the Illinois Basin show morphologic drift in Indiana from the Perth Limestone Member of the Staunton Formation (NI = 2.03) to the Velpen Limestone and Mecca Quarry Shale members of the Linton Formation (NI = 5.04) followed by stability through the Alum Cave (NI = 4.83). Further morphologic drift then occurred through the Providence Limestone Member of the Dugger Formation (NI = 5.43) and continued through the West Franklin Limestone Member of the Shelburn Formation (NI = 6.32) until the extinction of Neognathodus at the end of Desmoinesian. The patterns of drift and stability translate to Neognathodus biozones and are supported by Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests of standardized Neognathodus morphotype distributions. Localized NI variations are due to morphologic shifts and differential evolution in response to localized environmental conditions. Examination of the NI differences in the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Indiana reflect similar morphologic simplification of the P1 element from Perth to Velpen and Mecca Quarry in Indiana (NI = 2.03–5.04) and from Seville to Brereton in Illinois and Kentucky (NI = 2.80–5.00). Post-Brereton in Illinois and Kentucky (NI = 5.00–5.65) and post-Providence in Indiana (NI = 5.43–6.32) saw progressive P1 simplification, but it was much more pronounced in Indiana.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 93 , Issue 4 , July 2019 , pp. 785 - 797
Copyright
Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Deceased.

References

Algeo, T.J., Schwark, L., and Hower, J.C., 2004, High-resolution geochemistry and sequence stratigraphy of the Hushpuckney Shale (Swope Formation, eastern Kansas): Implications for climato-environmental dynamics of the Late Pennsylvanian Midcontinent Seaway: Chemical Geology, v. 206, p. 259–288, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.028.Google Scholar
Ault, C.H., 1986, Mecca Quarry Shale Member, in Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., eds., Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, p. 90.Google Scholar
Barrick, J.E., and Boardman, D.R.I., 1989, Stratigraphic distribution of morphotypes of Idiognathodus and Streptognathodus in Missourian-lower Virgilian strata, north-central Texas, in Boardman, D.R. II, Barrick, J.E., Cocke, J.M., and Nestall, M.K., eds., Middle and Late Pennsylvanian Chronostratigraphic Boundaries in North-central Texas: Glacial-eustatic Events, Biostratigraphy, and Paleoecology, a Guidebook with Contributed Papers: Lubbock, Texas Tech University Studies in Geology 2, Part 2, Contributed Papers, p. 167–188.Google Scholar
Barrick, J.E., Boardman, D.R.I., and Heckel, P.H., 1996, Biostratigraphy across the Desmoinesian-Missourian boundary in North America Midcontinent, USA: Implications for defining the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian boundary: IUGS Subcommision on Carboniferous Stratigraphy, v. 34, p. 161–175.Google Scholar
Barrick, J.E., Lambert, L.L., Heckel, P.H., and Boardman, D.R.I., 2004, Pennsylvanian conodont zonation for Midcontinent North America: Revista Española de Micropaleontología, v. 36, p. 231–250.Google Scholar
Barrick, J.E., Lambert, L.L., Heckel, P.H., Rosscoe, S.J., and Boardman, D.R.I., 2013, Midcontinent Pennsylvanian conodont zonation: Stratigraphy, v. 10, p. 1–18.Google Scholar
Boardman, D.R.I., Heckel, P.H., Barrick, J.E., Nestall, M.K., and Peppers, R.A., 1990, Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian chronostratigraphic boundary in the midcontinent region of North America, in Brenckle, P.L., and Manger, W.L., eds., Intercontinental Correlation and Division of the Carboniferous System: Frankfurt, Germany, Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, p. 319–337.Google Scholar
Braile, L.W., Hinze, J.L., Sexton, L., Keller, G.R., and Lidiak, E.G., 1984, Tectonic development of the New Madrid Seismic Zone: Symposium on New Madrid Seismic Zone: United States Geological Survey, Open File Report 84-770, p. 204–233.Google Scholar
Brown, L.M., and Rexroad, C.B., 2009, Conodont paleontology of the West Franklin Limestone Member of the Shelburn Formation (Pennsylvanian) in the southeastern part of the Illinois Basin: Indiana Geological Survey Special Report 68, 34 p.Google Scholar
Brown, L.M., Rexroad, C.B., Eggert, D.L., and Horowitz, A.S., 1991, Conodont paleontology of the Providence Limestone Member of the Dugger Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian) in the southern part of the Illinois Basin: Journal of Paleontology, v. 65, p. 945–957.Google Scholar
Brown, L.M., Rexroad, C.B., and Zimmerman, A.N., 2013a, Conodont biostratigraphy of a Bucktown Coal Member Shale Lens (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian), Pike County, Indiana: Indiana Academy of Science Proceedings, v. 122, p. 27–34.Google Scholar
Brown, L.M., Rexroad, C.B., and Zimmerman, A.N., 2013b, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Porvenir Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian) in the southeastern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico: The Mountain Geologist, v. 50, p. 99–119.Google Scholar
Brown, L.M., Rexroad, C.B., and Zimmerman, A.N., 2016, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Alum Cave Limestone Member of the Dugger Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian), southwestern Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey Occasional Paper 72, 25 p.Google Scholar
Burger, A.M., and Weir, C.E., 1986a, Providence Limestone Member, in Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., eds., Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, p. 135.Google Scholar
Burger, A.M., and Weir, C.E., 1986b, Alum Cave Limestone Member, in Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., eds., Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, p. 26.Google Scholar
Burger, A.M., Weir, C.E., and Ault, C.H., 1986, Velpen Limestone Member, in Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., eds., Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, p. 182–183.Google Scholar
Buschbach, T.C., and Kolata, D.R., 1990, Regional setting of Illinois Basin, in Leighton, M.W., Kolata, D.R., Oltz, D.F., and Eidel, J.J., eds., Interior Cratonic Basins: Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 29–55.Google Scholar
Cecil, C.B., 1990, Paleoclimate controls on stratigraphic repetition of chemical and siliclastic rocks: Geology, v. 18, p. 533–536.Google Scholar
Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J.-X., 2013, The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.pdf (accessed January 2019).Google Scholar
Collinson, C., 1963, Collection and preparation of conodonts through mass production techniques: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular, v. 343, p. 1–16.Google Scholar
Dunn, D.L., 1970, Middle Carboniferous conodonts from western United States and phylogeny of the platform group: Journal of Paleontology, v. 44, p. 312–342.Google Scholar
Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Swinchatt, J.P., and Whaley, P.W., 1971, Carboniferous Depositional Environments in Northeastern Kentucky: Annual Spring Field Conference, April 23–24, 1971: Lexington, Geological Society of Kentucky, 30 p.Google Scholar
Gingerich, P.D., 1977, Patterns of evolution in the mammalian fossil record, in Hallam, A., ed., Patterns of Evolution: Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, p. 470–500.Google Scholar
Grant, P.R., 1976, Darwin's finches: Population variation and natural selection: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 73, p. 257–261.Google Scholar
Gray, H.H., Ault, C.H., Keller, S.J., and Harper, D., 2010, Bedrock geology of Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey Miscellaneous Map 48, scale 1:500,000.Google Scholar
Grayson, R.C. Jr., Trice, E.L. III, and Westergaard, E.H., 1985, Significance of some middle Atokan to early Missourian conodont faunas from the Llano Uplift and Colorado River Valley, Texas, in McNulty, C.L., and McPherson, J.G., eds., Transactions, Southwest Section, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1985 Convention, February 24-26, 1985: Fort Worth, Texas, Fort Worth Geological Society, and Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 117–131.Google Scholar
Gunnell, F.H., 1931, Conodonts from the Fort Scott limestone of Missouri: Journal of Paleontology, v. 5, p. 244–252.Google Scholar
Harris, R.W., and Hollingsworth, R.V., 1933, New Pennsylvanian conodonts from Oklahoma: American Journal of Science, v. 25, p. 193–204.Google Scholar
Hasenmueller, N.R., and Hutchison, H.C., 1986, Holland Limestone Member, in Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., eds., Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, p. 72–74.Google Scholar
Heckel, P.H., 1991, Lost Branch Formation and revision of upper Desmoinesian stratigraphy along midcontinent outcrop belt: Kansas Geological Survey Geology Series 4, 67 p.Google Scholar
Heckel, P.H., Boardman, D.R.I., and Barrick, J.E., 2002, Desmoinesian-Missourian regional stage boundary reference position for North America, in Hills, L.V., Henderson, C.M., and Bamber, E.W., eds., Carboniferous and Permian of the World: Calgary, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 710–724.Google Scholar
Hopkins, M.E., and Simon, J.A., 1975, Pennsylvanian System Handbook of Illinois Stratigraphy: Urbana, Illinois State Geological Survey, p. 164–172.Google Scholar
Hutchison, H.C., 1986, Perth Limestone Member, in Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., eds., Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, p. 131–132.Google Scholar
Kitano, J., Bolnick, D.I., Beauchamp, D.A., Mazur, M.M., Mori, S., Nakano, T., and Peichel, C.L., 2008, Reverse evolution of armor plates in the Threespine Stickleback: Current Biology, v. 18, p. 769–774, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.027.Google Scholar
Lambert, L.L., 1992, Atokan and basal Desmoinesian conodonts from central Iowa, reference area for the Desmoinesian Stage: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 94, p. 111–123.Google Scholar
Lucas, S.G., DiMichele, W.A., Barrick, J.E., Schneider, J.W., and Spielmann, J.A., 2013, The Carboniferous-Permian Transition: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 60, p. 1–465.Google Scholar
Merrill, G.K., 1972, Taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Neognathodus in Appalachian Pennsylvanian rocks: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 817–829.Google Scholar
Merrill, G.K., 1975a, Pennsylvanian conodont biostratigraphy and paleoecology of northwestern Illinois: Geological Society of America Microform Publication, v. 3, p. 100–130.Google Scholar
Merrill, G.K., 1975b, Pennsylvanian conodonts of northwestern Illinois—Summary and new systematics: Geology, v. 3, p. 721–722.Google Scholar
Merrill, G.K., 1999, Neognathodus and the species concept in paleontology, in Serpagli, E., and Corradini, C., eds., Studies on Conodonts: Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, v. 37, p. 465–473.Google Scholar
Merrill, G.K., and Grayson, R.C. Jr., 1989, Conodont paleoecology of the type East Mountain Shale, north-central Texas, in Boardman, D.R. II, Barrick, J.E., Cocke, J.M., and Nestall, M.K., eds., Middle and Late Pennsylvanian Chronostratigraphic Boundaries in North-central Texas: Glacial-eustatic Events, Biostratigraphy, and Paleoecology, a Guidebook with Contributed Papers: Lubbock, Texas Tech University Studies in Geology 2, Part 2, Contributed Papers, p. 147–154.Google Scholar
Merrill, G.K., and King, C.W., 1971, Platform conodonts from the lowest Pennsylvanian rocks of northwestern Illinois: Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, p. 645–664.Google Scholar
Nelson, W.J., 1990, Structural styles of the Illinois Basin, in Leighton, M.W., Kolata, D.R., Oltz, D.F., and Eidel, J.J., eds., Interior Cratonic Basins: Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists., p. 29–55.Google Scholar
Noger, M.C., McDowell, R.C., Grabowski, G.J., and Moore, S.L., 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000.Google Scholar
Peppers, R.A., 1996, Palynological correlation of major Pennsylvanian (middle and upper Carboniferous) chronostratigraphic boundaries in the Illinois and other coal basins: Geological Society of America Memoir, v. 118, 111 p.Google Scholar
Rexroad, C.B., 1993, Conodonts from coal balls in the Springfield Coal Member of the Petersburg Formation (Desmoinesian, Pennsylvanian) in southern Indiana: Indiana Academy of Science Proceedings, v. 102, p. 83–91.Google Scholar
Rexroad, C.B., Brown, L.M., and Weinrick, S.L., 1996, Idiognathodus and the conodont biostratigraphy of the Holland Limestone Member, Staunton Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian) from the Illinois Basin, U.S.A., in Szaniawski, H., ed., Proceedings of the Sixth European Conodont Symposium (ECOS VI), 1996, Warsaw, Poland: Warsaw, Instytut Paleobiologii PAN im. Romana Kozłowskiego, abstract p. 51.Google Scholar
Rexroad, C.B., Brown, L.M., Devera, J., and Suman, R., 1998, Conodont biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Perth Limestone Member, Staunton Formation (Pennsylvanian) of the Illinois Basin, USA: Palaeontologia Polonica, v. 58, p. 247–259.Google Scholar
Rexroad, C.B., Wade, J.A., Merrill, G.K., Brown, L.M., and Pagett, P., 2001, Conodont biostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Mecca Quarry Shale Member and the Velpen Limestone Member of the Linton Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian) in the eastern part of the Illinois Basin, USA: Indiana Geological Survey Special Report 63, 19 p.Google Scholar
Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., 1986, Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, 203 p.Google Scholar
Stauffer, C.R., and Plummer, H.J., 1932, Texas Pennsylvanian conodonts and their stratigraphic relations: University of Texas Bulletin, v. 3201, p. 13–50.Google Scholar
Swezey, C.S., 2009, Regional stratigraphy and petroleum systems of the Illinois Basin, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3068, http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3068 (accessed January 2019).Google Scholar
Trask, C.B., and Palmer, J.E., 1986, Structural and depositional history of the Pennsylvanian System in the Illinois Basin, in Lyons, P.C., and Rice, C.L., eds., Paleoenvironmental and Tectonic Controls in Coal-forming Basins in the United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 210, p. 63–78.Google Scholar
Tri-State Committee on Correlation of the Pennsylvanian System rock units in the Illinois Basin, 2001, Toward a More Uniform Stratigraphic Nomenclature for Rock Units (Formations and Groups) of the Pennsylvanian System in the Illinois Basin: Illinois Basin Consortium Illinois Basin Study 5, 26 p.Google Scholar
Weiner, J., 1995, The Beak of the Finch: New York, Vintage Books, 332 p.Google Scholar
Weir, C.E., and Ault, C.H., 1986, West Franklin Limestone Member, in Shaver, R.H., Ault, C.H., Burger, A.M., Carr, D.D., Droste, J.B., Eggert, D.L., Gray, H.H., Harper, D., Hasenmueller, N.R., Hasenmueller, W.A., Horowitz, A.S., Hutchison, H.C., Keith, B.D., Keller, S.J., Patton, J.B., Rexroad, C.B., and Weir, C.E., eds., Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—A Revision: Bloomington, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 59, p. 72.Google Scholar
Weller, J.M., 1930, Cyclical sedimentation of the Pennsylvanian Period and its significance: Journal of Geology, v. 38, p. 97–135.Google Scholar
Zangerl, R., and Richardson, E.S., 1963, The paleoecological history of two Pennsylvanian black shales: Fieldiana Geology Memoirs, v. 4, 352 p.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, A.N., Johnson, C.C., and Polly, P.D., 2018, Taxonomic and evolutionary pattern revisions resulting from geometric morphometric analysis of Pennsylvanian Neognathodus conodonts, Illinois Basin: Paleobiology, v. 44, p. 660–683, doi:10.1017/pab.2018.28.Google Scholar