Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T22:49:12.793Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Sea-ice Pressure Generation and its Effect on Navigation in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Area

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2010

J. D. Bradford
Affiliation:
(Canadian Oceanographic Data Centre)

Extract

Instances of merchant ships beset in times of ice pressure in the Gulf of St. Lawrence were investigated to study the observed relationship between winds and ice pressure generation. The relative power of the ships reported beset was calculated in an attempt to relate ice pressure severity with ship performance. Most pressure episodes occurred during onshore winds or near the time of major wind shifts. Ice pressure intensity during onshore winds appeared to be related to wind strength and duration and distance from shore. The ‘Mouth of the Gaspé Passage’ area was anomalous.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 1971

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anon (1968). Gulf of St. Lawrence Pilot. (6th ed). Canadian Hydrographic Service, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa. 368 pp.Google Scholar
Anon (1966). Guidance to Merchant Ships Navigating in Ice in Canadian Waters. Marine Operations Branch, Department of Transport, Ottawa. 40 pp.Google Scholar
Armstrong, T. and Roberts, B. (1956). Illustrated Ice Glossary, Polar Record, Vol. 8, No. 52, pp. 412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farquharson, W. I. (1966). St. Lawrence Estuary Current Surrey (unpublished). Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Report BIO 66–6 Dartmouth. 84 pp.Google Scholar
Forrester, W. D. and Vandall, R. E. Jr. (1968). Ice Volumes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (unpublished). Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory, Bedford Institute Report BI 68–7, Dartmouth.Google Scholar
Ingram, R. G. (1967). Ice Drift in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (unpublished). McGill University, Marine Sciences Centre, Master's Thesis, Montreal. 96 pp.Google Scholar
Ingram, R. G., Johannessen, O. M. and Pounder, E. R. (1968). A Pilot Study of Ice Drift in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. McGill University, Ice Research Project, Macdonald Physics Laboratory Report S-12, Montreal. 17 pp.Google Scholar
Jarlan, G. E. (1961). Note on the Wind-Induced Upper Layer Circulation and Subsequent Ice Drift Phenomena in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. National Research Council, Ottawa. 56 pp.Google Scholar
Johannessen, O. M., Pounder, E. R., Serson, H., Keys, J., Lindsay, D. L., Seifert, W. and Banke, E. (1968). Preliminary Report on the ‘Ice Drift Study’ in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Winter, 1968. McGill University, Marine Sciences Centre, Manuscript Report No. 4. Montreal.Google Scholar
Johannessen, O. M., Pounder, E. R., Keys, J., Serson, H. and Farmer, D. (1969). Report on the M.S.C. McGill Ice Drift Program in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In ‘Workshop Seminar on Ice and Related Studies’ March, 1969. McGill University, Marine Sciences Centre, Manuscript Report No. 13. Montreal, p. 78.Google Scholar
MacKay, D. K. (1963). Ice Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Cabot Strait (with particular reference to the Sydney Bight area). Cahiers de Geographie de Quebec, No. 14, pp. 212218.Google Scholar
Matheson, K. M. (1967). The Meterological Effect on Ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. McGill University, Marine Sciences Centre, Manuscript Report No. 3, Montreal. 110 pp.Google Scholar