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The Orientation and Navigational Skills of Young Children: An Application of Two Intervention Strategies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2009

S. E. Walsh  and
J. R. Martland
S. E. Walsh
Affiliation:
(Department of Education, Liverpool University)
J. R. Martland
Affiliation:
(Department of Education, Liverpool University)
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Extract

Orienteering is a navigational sport using large–scale maps (1: 15000) and a compass to locate, as quickly as possible, a series of control points in a pre–defined order. Orientation of self and map are fundamental skills in the sport of orienteering. The traditional teaching or coaching of this skill is based on a hierarchical model. This model introduces the concept of location of self by initial reference to landmarks, then routes linking individual landmarks followed by configurations of these landmarks and routes. This model quite clearly aligns with the hierarchical model of spatial reference systems suggested by Seigal & White (1975). However, it is proposed that the process-oriented model offered by Downs & Stea (1977) may be more appropriate to orienteering. The model is based on orientation and then develops through route choice, route monitoring and route recognition. Orienteering behaviour, which is based on using map and compass information to select and follow a novel route in a multi-choice route following task, appears to follow this model.

Keywords

1. Orienteering.2. Human factors.3. Education.
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 46 , Issue 1 , January 1993 , pp. 63 - 68
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 1993

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References

REFERENCES

Downs, R. M. and Stea, D. (1977). Maps in Minds. Harper & Row London.Google Scholar
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Ottosson, T. (1987). Map–reading and Wayfinding. Göteborg Studies in Educational Sciences, 65. Gothenburg University, Department of Education and Educational Research Sweden.Google Scholar
Seigal, A. W. and White, S. H. (1975). The development of spatial representations of large scale environments. In Advances in Child Development and Behaviour 10 (ed. Reese, H. W.), pp. 9–55. Academic Press London.Google Scholar