A Microwave Position-fixing System

Extract

Shortly after merchant marine radar came into use as a navigational aid, it was felt that some consideration should be given to the development of electronic aids for vessels too small to use radar, such as tugs and fishing vessels. It was obvious that the use of the microwave frequencies of radar would best suit the development of a small directionfinding receiver. The final system developed by the National Research Council used a compact 3-cm. pulse transmitter on a shore site, such as a lighthouse, or harbour breakwater. The antenna was designed to radiate energy across the water from all angles of approach.

The receiving equipment was built into a case on the back of a small radar antenna consisting of a six-inch slotted waveguide at the focal plane of a parabolic cylinder. The receiver used a radar crystal detector and transistorized audio amplifier for reception on phones or a speaker. The receiver could be hand held or mounted on a pelorus head, and rotated around the horizon to take a bearing on the shore transmitter. The signal from the shore is audible over an arc of only about six degrees, and can be maximized with an accuracy of ± 1 degree.