Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T12:24:13.880Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Application of colour combinations on visual search tasks under vibration environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2020

Hailiang Wang ,
Da Tao ,
Shuang Liu ,
Tuoyang Zhou  and
Xingda Qu
Hailiang Wang
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Da Tao*
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Shuang Liu
Affiliation:
School of Aeronautics Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Tuoyang Zhou
Affiliation:
Marine Human Factors Engineering Lab, China Institute of Marine Technology and Economy, Beijing, China
Xingda Qu
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Colour is widely utilised as a visual coding system in visual search, but its application under vibration conditions (e.g., in various vehicles) has not been fully explored. This study was designed to examine the effect of colour combinations on performance of visual search tasks conducted in vibration conditions. Forty-eight university students participated in an experiment where they were required to identify target type and location under 24 colour combinations (half in negative polarity and half in positive polarity) and three vibration conditions (static, low, and high). The findings showed that vibration did not significantly affect performance, perceptions, or physiological aspects. Colour combination significantly affected response time, and the participants preferred colour combinations that had the potential to produce better performance. Colour combinations with negative polarity (e.g., yellow on black and white on black) are recommended for presenting search interfaces. These findings are of importance in human–computer interface designs for information display under vibration conditions.

Keywords

Colour CombinationVibrationVisual SearchHuman–Computer Interaction
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , March 2021 , pp. 311 - 327
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bauer, D., Cavonius, C. R. and Vigliani, E. (1980). Improving the legibility of visual display units through contrast reversal. In: Grandjean, E. (ed.). Ergonomics Aspects of Visual Display Terminals. London: Taylor & Francis, 137–142.Google Scholar
Bergum, B. O. and Bergum, J. E. (1981). Population stereotypes: An attempt to measure and define. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting, 25(1), 662–665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, D., Chowdhury, B., Chatterjee, T., Pal, M. and Majumdar, D. (2014). Selection of character/background colour combinations for onscreen searching tasks: An eye movement, subjective and performance approach. Displays, 35(3), 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloj, M. and Hedrich, M. (2012). Color perception. In: Chen, J., Cranton, W. and Fihn, M. (eds.). Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Bristol, UK: Springer jointly published with Canopus Publishing Limited, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bole, A., Wall, A. and Norris, A. (2014). Basic radar principles. In: Bole, A., Wall, A. and Norris, A. (eds.). Radar and ARPA Manual. 3rd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1–28.Google Scholar
Braun, C. C. and Silver, N. C. (1995). Interaction of signal word and colour on warning labels: Differences in perceived hazard and behavioural compliance. Ergonomics, 38(11), 2207–2220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, A. H. S. and Courtney, A. J. (2001). Color associations for Hong Kong Chinese. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 28(3), 165–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, A. H. S. and Lee, P. (2005). Effect of display factors on Chinese reading times, comprehension scores and preferences. Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(2), 81–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, A. H. S. and So, D. K. T. (2007). Shape characteristics of useful field of view and visual search time. Le travail humain, 70(4), 343–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christ, R. E. (1975). Review and analysis of color coding research for visual displays. Human Factors, 17(6), 542–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Commission Interational de l'Eclairage. (2007). Colorimetry-Part 4: CIE 1976 L*A*B* Colour Space. ISO 11664-4:2008(E)/CIE S 014-4/E:2007.Google Scholar
Courtney, A. J. (1986). Chinese population stereotypes: Color associations. Human Factors, 28(1), 97–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coutts, L. V., Plant, K. L., Smith, M., Bolton, L., Parnell, K. J., Arnold, J. and Stanton, N. A. (2019). Future technology on the flight deck: assessing the use of touchscreens in vibration environments. Ergonomics, 62(2), 286–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Craen, A. J. M., Roos, P. J., De Vries, A. L. and Kleijnen, J. (1996). Effect of colour of drugs: Systematic review of perceived effect of drugs and of their effectiveness. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 313(7072), 1624–1626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodd, S., Lancaster, J., Miranda, A., Grothe, S., DeMers, B. and Rogers, B. (2014). Touch screens on the flight deck: The impact of touch target size, spacing, touch technology and turbulence on pilot performance. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58(1), 6–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drury, C. G. and Clement, M. R. (1978). The effect of area, density, and number of background characters on visual search. Human Factors, 20(5), 597–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feng, W.-Y., Tseng, F.-Y., Chao, C.-J. and Lin, C. J. (2008). Effects of translational and rotational motions and display polarity on visual performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 107(2), 607–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goode, N., Lenné, M. G. and Salmon, P. (2012). The impact of on-road motion on BMS touch screen device operation. Ergonomics, 55(9), 986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, R. (1990). Motion-induced interruptions as ship operability criteria. Naval Engineers Journal, 102(2), 65–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grobelny, J. and Michalski, R. (2015). The role of background color, interletter spacing, and font size on preferences in the digital presentation of a product. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 85–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsieh, Y. H., Lin, C. J. and Chen, H. C. (2007). Effect of vibration on visual display terminal work performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 105(3 Pt 2), 1055–1058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, S.-M. (2006). A study of reading time and viewers’ preferences for a variety of combinations of character-background chromaticity for small traditional Chinese characters. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 103(3), 887–895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, K.-C. (2008). Effects of computer icons and figure/background area ratios and color combinations on visual search performance on an LCD monitor. Displays, 29(3), 237–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humar, I., Gradisar, M., Turk, T. and Erjavec, J. (2014). The impact of color combinations on the legibility of text presented on LCDs. Applied Ergonomics, 45(6), 1510–1517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
International Organization for Standardization. (1997). ISO 2631-1. Mechanical vibration and shock-evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Part 1: General Requirements.Google Scholar
Ishitake, T., Ando, H., Miyazaki, Y. and Matoba, F. (1998). Changes of visual performance induced by exposure to whole-body vibration. The Kurume Medical Journal, 45(1), 59–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahn, P. and Lenk, K. (1998). Design: Principles of typography for user interface design. Interactions, 5(6), 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamarul, T., Ahmad, T. S. and Loh, W. Y. (2006). Hand grip strength in the adult Malaysian population. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 14(2), 172–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ko, Y.-H. (2017). The effects of luminance contrast, colour combinations, font, and search time on brand icon legibility. Applied Ergonomics, 65, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koley, S. and Melton, S. (2010). Age-related changes in handgrip strength among healthy Indian males and females aged 6–25 years. Journal of Life Sciences, 2(2), 73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, F., Bekkering, H., Pratt, J. and Lindemann, O. (2017). Interaction between numbers and size during visual search. Psychological Research, 81(3), 664–677.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kyung, G., Nussbaum, M. A. and Babski-Reeves, K. (2008). Driver sitting comfort and discomfort (part I): Use of subjective ratings in discriminating car seats and correspondence among ratings. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 38(5), 516–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laughery, K. R., Young, S. L., Vaubel, K. P. and Brelsford, J. W. (1993). The noticeability of warnings on alcoholic beverage containers. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 12(1), 38–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, C. H. and Griffin, M. J. (1978). A review of the effects of vibration on visual acuity and continuous manual control, part II: Continuous manual control. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 56(3), 415–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, C. H. and Griffin, M. J. (1980). Predicting the effects of vibration frequency and axis, and seating conditions on the reading of numeric displays. Ergonomics, 23(5), 485–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, K.-H. (2016). Optimal handle grip span for maximum hand grip strength and accurate grip control strength exertion according to individual hand size. Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity, 4(2), 178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, C. J., Hsieh, Y. H., Chen, H. C. and Chen, J. C. (2008). Visual performance and fatigue in reading vibrating numeric displays. Displays, 29(4), 386–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, C. J., Liu, C. N., Chao, C. J. and Chen, H. J. (2010). The performance of computer input devices in a vibration environment. Ergonomics, 53(4), 478–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindberg, T. and Näsänen, R. (2003). The effect of icon spacing and size on the speed of icon processing in the human visual system. Displays, 24(3), 111–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ling, J. and van Schaik, P. (2002). The effect of text and background colour on visual search of Web pages. Displays, 23(5), 223–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, S.-Y., Liu, C.-C., Lee, C.-L. and Lin, Y.-H. (2019). Vertical vibration frequency and sitting posture effects on muscular loads and body balance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 74, 102860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luria, S. M., Neri, D. F. and Schlichting, C. (1989). Performance and preference with various VDT phosphors. Applied Ergonomics, 20(1), 33–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Magnini, V. P. and Kim, S. (2016). The influences of restaurant menu font style, background color, and physical weight on consumers’ perceptions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 53, 42–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mallick, Z. (2007). Investigating data entry task performance on a laptop under the impact of vibration: The effect of color. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 13(3), 291–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansfield, N. J. (2005). Human Response to Vibration. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Marques, O. (2011). Practical Image and Video Processing Using MATLAB. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, M. L. (1987). The influence of colour on CRT reading performance and subjective comfort under operational conditions. Applied Ergonomics, 18(4), 323–328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayr, S. and Buchner, A. (2010). After-effects of TFT-LCD display polarity and display colour on the detection of low-contrast objects. Ergonomics, 53(7), 914–925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKeown, C. (2008). Office Ergonomics: Practical Application. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Monk, T. H. and Brown, B. (1975). The effect of target surround density on visual search performance. Human Factors, 17(4), 356–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nastaran, R., Rolf, E., Thomas, K. and Elke, O. (2016). Factors affecting the perception of whole-body vibration of occupational drivers: an analysis of posture and manual materials handling and musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomics, 59(1), 48–60.Google Scholar
Newell, G. S. and Mansfield, N. J. (2006). Influence of Posture and Multi-Axis Vibration on Reaction Time Performance and Perceived Workload. Paper Presented at the United Kingdom Group Meeting on Human Response to Vibration, 20–22 September. Farnborough, Hampshire, UK: QinetiQ.Google Scholar
Ng, A. W. Y. and Chan, A. H. S. (2018). Similarities and differences between male and female novice designers on color-concept associations for warnings, action required, and signs and equipment status messages. Colour Research & Application, 43(1), 89–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishiyama, K. (1990). Ergonomic aspects of the health and safety of VDT work in Japan: a review. Ergonomics, 33(6), 659–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2000). Standardization Agreement (stanag): Subject: Common Procedures for Seakeeping in the Ship Design Process. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Military Agency for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.Google Scholar
Okunribido, O. O., Magnusson, M. and Pope, M. H. (2008). The role of whole body vibration, posture and manual materials handling as risk factors for low back pain in occupational drivers. Ergonomics, 51(3), 308–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Or, C. K. L. and Chan, A. H. S. (2010). The effects of background color of safety symbols on perception of the symbols. In: Karwowski, W. and Salvendy, G. (eds.). Advances in Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Safety in Manufacturing and Service Industries, Miami, FL: CRC Press, 1028–1035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Or, C. K. L. and Wang, H. (2014). Color–concept associations: A cross-occupational and -cultural study and comparison. Color Research and Application, 39(6), 630–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pastoor, S. (1990). Legibility and subjective preference for color combinations in text. Human Factors, 32(2), 157–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pawlak, U. W. E. (1986). Ergonomic aspects of image polarity. Behaviour & Information Technology, 5(4), 335–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinlan, P. T. and Humphreys, G. W. (1987). Visual search for targets defined by combinations of color, shape, and size: An examination of the task constraints on feature and conjunction searches. Perception & Psychophysics, 41(5), 455–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radl, G. W. (1982). Experimental investigations for optimal presentation mode and colours of symbols on the CRT-screen. In: Grandjean, E. and Vigliani, E. (eds.). Ergonomics Aspects of Video Display Terminals, London: Taylor and Francis, 127–136.Google Scholar
Rosen, J. and Arcan, M. (2003). Modeling the human body/seat system in a vibration environment. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 125(2), 223–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, S., Taptagaporn, S. and Salvendy, G. (1993). Visual comfort in using different VDT screens. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 5(4), 313–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, M. S. and McCormick, E. J. (1993). Human Factors in Engineering and Design. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Shieh, K. K. and Chen, M. T. (1997). Effects of screen color combination, work-break schedule, and workpace on VDT viewing distance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 20(1), 11–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shieh, K. K. and Lin, C. C. (2000). Effects of screen type, ambient illumination, and color combination on VDT visual performance and subjective preference. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 26(5), 527–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverstein, L. D. (1987). Human factors for color display systems: Concepts, methods, and research. In: Durrett, H. J. (ed.). Color and the Computer, Boston: Academic Press Professional, Inc., 27–61.Google Scholar
Sinclair, I. (2011). Miscellaneous Systems. In: Sinclair, I. (ed.). Electronics Simplified. 3rd ed, Oxford: Newnes, 311–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, H. L., Decker, J. J., Lloyd, C. J. C. and Dye, C. (1990). Effect of image polarity on VDT task performance. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting, 34(19), 1447–1451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solli, M. and Lenz, R. (2011). Color emotions for multi-colored images. Color Research & Application, 36(3), 210–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stegemann, S. (2005). Colored capsules-A contribution to drug safety. Die Pharmazeutische Industrie, 67, 1088–1095.Google Scholar
Suk, H.-J. and Irtel, H. (2010). Emotional response to color across media. Color Research & Application, 35(1), 64–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundström, J. (2006). Difficulties to Read and Write Under Lateral Vibration Exposure : Contextual Studies of Train Passengers Ride Comfort. 2006:24 Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary, KTH, Stockholm. DiVA database.Google Scholar
Suzuki, H. (1998). Momentary discomfort caused by vibration of railway vehicle. Industrial Health, 36(2), 98–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, L., Wang, C. and Li, H. (2018). Impact of the Size of Chinese Characters on the Visual Search Performance Under Vibration. Paper Presented at Human-Computer Interaction. Theories, Methods, and Human Issues. Cham, Switzerland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tao, D., Wang, T. and Wang, T. (2017). Effects of color on expectations of drug effects: A cross-gender cross-cultural study. Color Research & Application, 42(1), 124–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tao, D., Wang, T., Wang, T. and Qu, X. (2018a). Influence of drug colour on perceived drug effects and efficacy. Ergonomics, 61(2), 284–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tao, D., Yuan, J., Liu, S. and Qu, X. (2018b). Effects of button design characteristics on performance and perceptions of touchscreen use. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 64, 59–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taptagaporn, S. and Saito, S. (1990). How display polarity and lighting conditions affect the pupil size of VDT operators. Ergonomics, 33(2), 201–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thamsuwan, O., Blood, R. P., Ching, R. P., Boyle, L. and Johnson, P. W. (2013). Whole body vibration exposures in bus drivers: A comparison between a high-floor coach and a low-floor city bus. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 43(1), 9–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsang, S. N. H., Chan, A. H. S. and Yu, R. F. (2012). Effect of display polarity and luminance contrast on visual lobe shape characteristics. Ergonomics, 55(9), 1028–1042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vecera, S. P., Cosman, J. D., Vatterott, D. B. and Roper, Z. J. J. (2014). The control of visual attention: Toward a unified account. In: Ross, B. H. (ed.). Psychology of Learning and Motivation. Vol. 60. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 303–347.Google Scholar
Wang, H. and Or, C. K. L. (2015). A study of the relationship between color-concept association and occupational background for Chinese. Displays, 38, 50–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, A.-H., Fang, J.-J. and Chen, C.-H. (2003). Effects of VDT leading-display design on visual performance of users in handling static and dynamic display information dual-tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 32(2), 93–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waters, T., Genaidy, A., Barriera Viruet, H. and Makola, M. (2008). The impact of operating heavy equipment vehicles on lower back disorders. Ergonomics, 51(5), 602–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wertheim, A. H. (1998). Working in a moving environment. Ergonomics, 41(12), 1845–1858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westheimer, G., Chu, P., Huang, W., Tran, T. and Dister, R. (2003). Visual acuity with reversed-contrast charts: II. Clinical investigation. Optometry and Vision Science, 80(11), 749–752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whittle, P. (1994). The psychophysics of contrast brightness. In: Gilchrist, A. L. (ed.). Lightness, Brightness, and Transparency, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 35–110.Google Scholar
Wolfe, J. M. (1994). Guided search 2.0: A revised model of visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(2), 202–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeh, Y.-Y., Lee, D.-S. and Ko, Y.-H. (2013). Color combination and exposure time on legibility and EEG response of icon presented on visual display terminal. Displays, 34(1), 33–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar