Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T13:23:02.918Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

QIF-based GPS Long-baseline Ambiguity Resolution with the Aid of Atmospheric Delays Determined by PPP

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2016

Baocheng Zhang ,
Yunbin Yuan  and
Yanju Chai
Baocheng Zhang
Affiliation:
(State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China)
Yunbin Yuan*
Affiliation:
(State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China)
Yanju Chai
Affiliation:
(State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China)
*
(E-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Global Positioning System (GPS) long-baseline set up has been widely employed to generate high-accuracy positioning, timing and atmospheric information. Bernese GPS software adopts two appropriate strategies for long-baseline Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR): Quasi Ionosphere-Free (QIF) and Wide-lane/Narrow-lane (WN). With the goal of reasonably shortening the time required for long-baseline IAR, we propose the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method for estimating, on a per receiver basis, the Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs) and the Slant Ionospheric Delays (SIDs) from zero-differenced, uncombined GPS observables. We then reformulate these PPP-derived ZTDs and SIDs into two types of atmospheric constraints with proper uncertainties that could be readily assimilated into the process of IAR with the QIF. Our numerical tests based on five independent long-baselines (>1,000 kilometres) suggest that the empirical precision of PPP-derived ZTDs (SIDs) is always better than 2 (10) centimetres. The modified QIF would be able to correctly resolve at least 98% and 88% of the wide- and narrow-lane ambiguities for all the long-baselines relying on the very simple integer rounding method. However, under the same condition, the WN can only get the correct integers of 76·6% wide-lane ambiguities and 55·2% narrow-lane ones.

Keywords

Global Positioning System (GPS)Long-baseline ambiguity resolutionQuasi Ionosphere-Free (QIF)Precise Point Positioning (PPP)
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 69 , Issue 6 , November 2016 , pp. 1278 - 1292
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Banville, S., Collins, P., Zhang, W. and Langley, R.B. (2014). Global and Regional Ionospheric Corrections for Faster PPP Convergence. Navigation, 61, 115–124.Google Scholar
Bar-Sever, Y.E., Kroger, P.M. and Borjesson, J.A. (1998). Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 5019–5035.Google Scholar
Blewitt, G. (1989). Carrier phase ambiguity resolution for the Global Positioning System applied to geodetic baselines up to 2000 km. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 10187–10203.Google Scholar
Bock, Y., Abbot, R.I., Counselman, C.C., Gourevitch, S.A. and King, R.W. (1985). Establishment of three-dimensional geodetic control by interferometry with the Global Positioning System. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 7689–7703.Google Scholar
Brunini, C. and Azpilicueta, F.J. (2009). Accuracy assessment of the GPS-based slant total electron content. Journal of Geodesy, 83, 773–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciraolo, L., Azpilicueta, F., Brunini, C., Meza, A. and Radicella, S. (2007). Calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with GPS. Journal of Geodesy, 81, 111–120.Google Scholar
Dach, R., Hugentobler, U., Fridez, P. and Meindl, M. (2007). Bernese GPS software version 5.0. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern.Google Scholar
Douša, J. (2010). The impact of errors in predicted GPS orbits on zenith troposphere delay estimation. GPS Solutions, 14, 229–239.Google Scholar
Dow, J.M., Neilan, R. and Rizos, C. (2009). The international GNSS service in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite systems. Journal of Geodesy, 83, 191–198.Google Scholar
Eckl, M., Snay, R., Soler, T., Cline, M. and Mader, G. (2001). Accuracy of GPS-derived relative positions as a function of interstation distance and observing-session duration. Journal of Geodesy, 75, 633–640.Google Scholar
Ge, M., Gendt, G., Rothacher, M., Shi, C. and Liu, J. (2008). Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP) with daily observations. Journal of Geodesy, 82, 389–399.Google Scholar
Geng, J., Meng, X., Dodson, A.H., Ge, M. and Teferle, F.N. (2010). Rapid re-convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in precise point positioning. Journal of Geodesy, 84, 705–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geng, J., Teferle, F.N., Meng, X. and Dodson, A. (2011). Towards PPP-RTK: Ambiguity resolution in real-time precise point positioning. Advances in Space Research, 47, 1664–1673.Google Scholar
Héroux, P. and Kouba, J. (2001). GPS precise point positioning using IGS orbit products. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part a-Solid Earth and Geodesy, 26, 573–578.Google Scholar
Hernández-Pajares, M., Juan, J., Sanz, J., Orus, R., Garcia-Rigo, A., Feltens, J., Komjathy, A., Schaer, S. and Krankowski, A. (2009). The IGS VTEC maps: a reliable source of ionospheric information since 1998. Journal of Geodesy, 83, 263–275.Google Scholar
Jin, R., Jin, S. and Feng, G. (2012). M_DCB: Matlab code for estimating GNSS satellite and receiver differential code biases. GPS Solutions, 16, 541–548.Google Scholar
Jin, S., Luo, O. and Ren, C. (2010). Effects of physical correlations on long-distance GPS positioning and zenith tropospheric delay estimates. Advances in Space Research, 46, 190–195.Google Scholar
Kouba, J. (2009). A simplified yaw-attitude model for eclipsing GPS satellites. GPS Solutions, 13, 1–12.Google Scholar
Laurichesse, D., Mercier, F., Berthias, J.-P., Broca, P. and Cerri, L. (2009). Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP and satellite precise orbit determination. Navigation, 56, 135.Google Scholar
Leandro, R.F., Santos, M.C. and Langley, R.B. (2011). Analyzing GNSS data in precise point positioning software. GPS Solutions, 15, 1–13.Google Scholar
Lee, S.W., Schutz, B.E., Lee, C.-B. and Yang, S.H. (2008). A study on the Common-View and All-in-View GPS time transfer using carrier-phase measurements. Metrologia, 45, 156–167.Google Scholar
Leick, A. (2004). GPS satellite surveying. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Li, B. and Teunissen, P.J. (2011). High dimensional integer ambiguity resolution: a first comparison between LAMBDA and Bernese. Journal of Navigation, 64, S192–S210.Google Scholar
Mervart, L., Beutler, G., Rothacher, M. and Wild, U. (1994). Ambiguity resolution strategies using the results of the International GPS Geodynamics Service (IGS). Bulletin Geodesique, 68, 29–38.Google Scholar
Odijk, D. (2001). Instantaneous precise GPS positioning under geomagnetic storm conditions. GPS Solutions, 5, 29–42.Google Scholar
Pacione, R. and Vespe, F. (2003). GPS zenith total delay estimation in the Mediterranean area for climatological and meteorological applications. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20, 1034–1042.Google Scholar
Petit, G. and Jiang, Z. (2008). GPS All in View time transfer for TAI computation. Metrologia, 45, 35–45.Google Scholar
Schüler, T. (2006). Impact of systematic errors on precise long-baseline kinematic GPS positioning. GPS Solutions, 10, 108–125.Google Scholar
Teunissen, P.J.G. (1998a). The ionosphere-weighted GPS baseline precision in canonical form. Journal of Geodesy, 72, 107–111.Google Scholar
Teunissen, P.J.G. (1995). The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment: a method for fast GPS integer ambiguity estimation. Journal of Geodesy, 70, 65–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teunissen, P.J.G. (1998b). Success probability of integer GPS ambiguity rounding and bootstrapping. Journal of Geodesy, 72, 606–612.Google Scholar
Zhang, B., Ou, J., Yuan, Y. and Li, Z. (2012). Extraction of line-of-sight ionospheric observables from GPS data using precise point positioning. Science China Earth Sciences, 55, 1919–1928.Google Scholar
Zumberge, J., Heflin, M., Jefferson, D., Watkins, M. and Webb, F. (1997). Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 5005–5017.Google Scholar