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Villagisation and the 1974–6 Economic Crisis in Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

John Briggs
John Briggs
Affiliation:
Lecturer in Geography, University of Glasgow, formerly of the University of Dar es Salaam
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Extract

Since 1967, the year of the Arusha Declaration, Tanzania's rural policy has provided a major focus for scholars interested in the problems of development in the Third World.1 Jonathan Barker has noted that many writers on Tanzania's rural policy fall into one of two camps: ‘production socialists’ who make the basic assumption that communal production per se is desirable, and concentrate much of their research activity on the various social and political constraints; and ‘production liberals’ who are generally sceptical of the effectiveness of communal production, and they would prefer to see greater emphasis placed on the ‘self-improvement motive of families and individuals’.2

Type
Africana
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , December 1979 , pp. 695 - 702
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979

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References

page 695 note 1 The Arusha Declaration of 1967 committed Tanzania to a socialist-oriented means of developing the country's resources and people.

page 695 note 2 Barker, Jonathan, ‘The Debate on Rural Socialism in Tanzania,’ in Mwansasu, B.U. and Pratt, Cranford (eds.), Towards Socialism in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, 1979), pp. 95–124.Google Scholar

page 696 note 1 Bank of Tanzania, Economic and Operations Report (Dar es Salaam), 06 1977.Google Scholar

page 697 note 1 Ibid.

page 697 note 2 Ibid.

page 698 note 1 For a most illuminating discussion of developments in Dodoma region during the second phase of the rural policy, see Hill, F., ‘Ujamaa: African socialist productionism in Tanzania,’ in Desfosses, Helen and Levesque, Jacques (eds.), Socialism in the Third World (New York, 1975), pp. 216–51.Google Scholar

page 698 note 2 Cf. Green, Reginald H., ‘Power Grows in Villages,’ in The Guardian (Manchester), 1 03 1979;Google Scholar and A. Mascarenhas, ‘After Villagisation – What?,’ in Mwansasu and Pratt (eds), op.cit. pp. 145–65.

page 698 note 3 Barker, loc. cit. p. 99.

page 699 note 1 Bank of Tanzania, op. cit. and Green, loc. cit.

page 699 note 2 ‘Back to Back: a survey of Kenya and Tanzania’, in The Economist (London), 11 03 1978, p. 8.Google Scholar

page 699 note 3 Lele, Uma, The Design of Rural Development: lessons from Africa (Washington, 1975).Google Scholar

page 700 note 1 Personal communication, Prime Minister's Office, Dar es Salaam. Also quoted by Mascarenhas, loc. cit. p. 152.

page 700 note 2 Coulson, Andrew, ‘Whatever Happed to Ujamaa?,’ in New Internationalist (Wallingford, Berkshire), 48, 02 1977, pp. 17–19.Google Scholar

page 700 note 3 The first re-settlement in Rufiji took place after the 1968 floods, when peasants from the middle reaches of the river were moved out of the flood-plains onto the northern levée. Further re-settlement took place during the villagisation campaign in 1974, but this did not necessarily involve the movement of peasants; in the delta area, for instance, some judicious boundary-drawing created villages without moving the population. For an excellent account of Rufiji agriculture, see Sandberg, A., ‘Socio-Economic Survey of the Lower Rufiji Flood Plain’ Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning, University of Dares Salaam, 1974.Google Scholar

page 701 note 1 Daily News (Dar as Salaam), 2 02 1978.Google Scholar