Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:32:15.439Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Reverse Transfer of Technology from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Bernard I. Logan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

This study documents and evaluates the so-called ‘brain drain’ from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States during the period 1974–85. The objective is to use the available data to provide some insights into the rôle of this region in the international labour market for trained personnel. This is done by comparing the relative volume, pattern, and trend of migration to the United States from a sample of 17 countries against that for Africa as a whole, and against that for the world. The rationale for this kind of analysis rests on the need to determine the significance for all concerned of the growing transfer of technology, and to identify the factors which control the process.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 1987 , pp. 597 - 612
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Page 597 note 1 Unctad, , Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on the Reverse Transfer of Technology (Geneva, 1978), p. 13.Google Scholar

Page 598 note 1 Goliber, Thomas, Sub-Saharan Africa: population pressures on development (Washington, D.C., 1985), p. 22.Google ScholarPubMed

Page 598 note 2 Psacharopolous, George, Hinchcliffe, Keith, Dougherty, Christopher, and Hollister, Robinson, Manpower Issues in Educational Investment: a consideration of planning processes and techniques (Washington, D.C., 1983), World Bank Staff Working Paper No. 64.Google Scholar

Page 599 note 1 Sources: Population Reference Bureau, Inc., World Population Data Sheet, 1987 (Washington, D.C., 1987),Google Scholar and World Bank Report, 1986 (Washington, D.C., 1986).Google Scholar

Page 600 note 1 Data on migration flows were derived from the U.S. Department of Justice, Statistical rearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Washington, D.C.), passim.Google Scholar

Page 602 note 1 Several of the global studies on the subject have been sponsored by Unctad, , e.g. Technology: development aspects of the reverse transfer of technology (Geneva, 1979),Google Scholar and The Reverse Transfer of Technology: a survey of its main features, causes and policy implications (Geneva, 1979).Google Scholar See also Unesco, , Statistics of Students Abroad (Paris, 1982),Google Scholar and Friborg, Goran (ed.), Brain Drain Statistics: empirical evidence and guidelines (Stockholm, 1975).Google Scholar

Page 602 note 2 Glaser, William, The Migration and Return of Professionals (New York, 1973).Google Scholar

Page 602 note 3 The following Unctad publications provide details of the mechanics of proposed financial compensation strategies: Bhagwati, Jagdish, The Reverse Transfer of Technology (Brain Drain): international resource flow accounting, compensation, taxation and related policy proposals (Geneva, 1978),Google Scholar and Pomp, Richard and Oldman, Oliver, Legal and Administrative Aspects of Compensation, Taxation and Related Policy Measures: suggestions for an optimal policy mix (Geneva, 1978).Google Scholar

Page 602 note 4 Examples of such regional studies include: Oh, T., The Asian Brain Drain: a factual and causal analysis (San Francisco, 1977),Google Scholar and Unctad, , Co-operative Exchange of Skills among Developing Countries (Geneva, 1978).Google Scholar

Page 603 note 1 Unctad, , Case Studies in Reverse Transfer of Technology (Brain Drain): a survey of problems and policies in India (Geneva, 1978).Google Scholar

Page 603 note 2 Ibid… in the Philippines (Geneva, 1978).

Page 603 note 3 Ibid… in Sri Lanka (Geneva, 1978), and ibid… in Pakistan (Geneva, 1978).

Page 603 note 4 One of the few studies that examines the problem in the continent concentrates on North Africa as an extension of the oil economy of the Middle East. See Serageldin, Ismail, Socknat, James, Birks, Stace, Li, Bob, and Sinclair, Clive, Manpower and International Labor Migration in the Middle East and North Africa (London, 1983).Google Scholar

Page 604 note 1 Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Washington, D.C.), passim.Google Scholar

Page 606 note 1 Source: as for Table 2.

Page 608 note 1 Source: as for Table 2. Ad. = those Admitted. P.R. = those granted Permanent Residency.Google Scholar

Page 609 note 1 Source: as for Table 2.

Page 610 note 1 According to the World Bank Report, 1985 (Washington, D.C., 1985), Asia is one of the fastestgrowing regions in the world.Google Scholar