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Protest Marches in South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

J. A. du Pisani ,
M. Broodryk  and
P. W. Coetzer
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Extract

The year 1989 will in future generations be known as the annus mirabilis, not only as far as developments in Eastern Europe are concerned, but also within the context of South African politics. The September general elections for the tricameral Parliament marked a turning point in the direction of governmental policies. Nowhere has the changing mood been more clearly demonstrated than in the streets of the cities and towns. A countrywide spate of protest marches has occurred since the historic first government-approved peaceful anti-apartheid march in Cape Town on 13 September 1989, and these have become the most visible symptom of the advance to the so-called ‘new South Africa’.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , December 1990 , pp. 573 - 602
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

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References

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112 The Citizen, 22 September 1989.

113 The Argus, 24 January 1990; The Citizen, 3 February 1990; and Die Burger, 12 February 1990.

114 The Citizen, 30 September 1989; and Die Burger, 20 October 1989 and 10 March 1990.

115 The Argus, 22 January 1989; Die Burger, 23 September 1989; and The Pretoria News, 25 September 1989.

116 Business Day, 23 January 1990; The Pretoria News and Evening Post, 24 January 1990; The Argus, 25 January 1990; The Daily News, 26 January 1990; The Natal Mercury, 29 January 1990; Business Day, 29 January and 1 February 1990; and Daily Dispatch, 31 January 1990.

117 Die Volksblad, 26 October 1989; Die Suid-Afrikaan, December 1989, p. 19; The Cape Times, 24 January 1990; and Business Day, 1 February 1990.

118 Die Burger, 12 February 1990, and The Cape Times, 12 March 1990.

119 The Star, 14 September 1989; The Citizen, 16 September 1989; The Argus, 22 September 1989; and Business Day, 23 January 1990.

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122 Cf. Die Burger, 26 January 1990.

123 Lewin, op. cit. p. 165.

124 The Pretoria News, 9 October 1989 and 24 January 1990, and Die Volksblad, 24 October 1989.

125 The Sunday Star, 17 September 1989; Die Burger, 27 January 1990; and The Natal Mercury, 29 January 1990.

126 The Argus, 30 January 1990; The Cape Times, 31 January and 1 February 1990; and Die Burger, 14 February 1990.

127 The Citizen, 2 November 1989; Evening Post, 24 January 1990; The Natal Witness, 25 January 1990; and Business Day, 1 February 1990.

128 The Star, 26 September 1989, and The Cape Times, 14 February 1990.

129 The Argus and Die Transvaler, 14 February 1990.

130 The Cape Times, 14 and 30 March 1990.

131 The Star, 14 and 26 September and 31 October 1989; Die Patriot, 22 September and 17 November 1989; and Tempo, 10–16 November 1989.

132 The Citizen, 26 October 1989.

133 Tempo, 10–16 November 1989.

134 The Star, 31 October 1989.

135 Die Burger, 1 February 1990.

136 Eastern Province Herald, 16 October 1989; The Star, 30 October 1989; and Beeld, 2 November 1989.

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138 The Citizen, 28 May 1990, and Die Patriot, 1 June 1990.

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143 Die Burger, 29 Jaunray 1990; City Press, 11 February 1990; Rapport, 11 February and 17 June 1990; The Sunday Star, 11 February and 17 June 1990; Die Transvaler, 15 March 1990; and The Citizen, 18 June 1990.

144 Weekend Argus, 16 September 1989; The Sunday Star, 17 September 1989; The Natal Mercury, 23 September 1989; and Die Volksblad, 26 October 1989.

145 Financial Mail, 22 September 1989.

146 The Argus, 28 and 29 August 1989; Weekend Post, 23 September 1989; The Star, 1 and 4 September 1989; Diamond Fields Advertiser, 28 September 1989; and Die Transvaler, 19 September, 30 October, and 6 November 1989.

147 Die Burger, 4 November 1989, and The Nationalist, November 1989 and March 1990.

148 The Natal Witness, 28 September 1989, and Weekly Mail, 15–21 September 1989.

149 The New Nation, 22–28 September–5 October, and 6–12 October 1989.

150 Financial Mail, 15 September 1989, and The Daily News, 19 September 1989.

151 Die Patriot, 29 September 1989.

152 The New Nation, 22–28 September and 29 September to 5 October 1989, and The Cape Times, 9 October 1989.

153 City Press, 8 October 1989.

154 The Star, 21 October 1989.

155 The Star, 23 September 1989; The Daily News, 26 September 1989; Weekend Post, 21 October 1989; and Rapport, 12 November 1989.

156 Rapport, 12 November 1989, and The Aida Parker Newsletter, February 1990.

157 The Natal Witness, 15 September 1989; The Cape Times, 19 September 1989; Rapport, September 1989; Natal Mercury, 25 September 1989; City Press, 8 October 1989; and Transvaler, 17 October 1989.

158 The Natal Mercury, 29 January 1990, and Eastern Province Herald, 30 March 1990.

159 Rapport, 1 April 1990.

160 Die Burger, 14 September 1989.

161 The New Nation, 6–12 October 1989.