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The politics of the Hajj organisation in Senegal: security, legitimation and clientelism
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2021
Abstract
This article analyses how the state in Senegal has managed the hajj since the liberalisation era in the early 2000s. Although the essence of the hajj is religious, it is also deeply political and requires that the state manages complex relations with pilgrims, religious leaders, private travel agencies, politicians and Saudi authorities. This article argues that three inter-related imperatives structure the conduct of the Senegalese state: a security imperative, a legitimation imperative, and a clientelistic imperative. Security concerns lead the state to monitor and control pilgrims travelling to Mecca. Legitimation is seen in the collaborative relations with Sûfi orders and in the framing of the hajj organisation as a ‘public service’. Finally, given the magnitude of financial and symbolic resources attached to the hajj, clientelistic relations are constitutive of state officials’ actions. Overall, despite the post-2000 liberalisation of the hajj, the state has maintained its role as a gatekeeper, regulator and supervisor.
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- Research Article
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- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press
Footnotes
We acknowledge the invaluable help of our research assistants: Djiguatte Bassène, Samuel Breton, Audray Fréchette and Mohamed Lemine Sakho. And finally, the late Ida Ahoueya Ep Klissou. Our thoughts are with Ida's family. This work was funded by an Insight Grant from the SSHRC [435-2016-0682, 2016–2022] and has been granted ethical approval from both Laval and Ottawa universities.
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