Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:12:45.694Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Goal dreams: conflicting development imaginaries in Ghanaian football academies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2019

Itamar Dubinsky*
Affiliation:
Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, USA
Lynn Schler*
Affiliation:
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Abstract

Focusing on three Ghanaian football academies, this article examines the role that dreams and aspirations play in shaping development schemes and in determining their impact. Football ignites the hopes and imaginations of entrepreneurs, aspiring players, their parents and supporters, and these aspirations serve as a blueprint for action both among founders and participants of academies. Imagined futures give birth to development initiatives, attracting participants, and providing them with opportunities to articulate their own aspirations. The following examination argues that it is vital for researchers and practitioners to understand how a variety of imagined futures comes into play in development schemes, as the conflicts and negotiations between divergent imaginaries can explain why individuals engage with development, how schemes evolve and how they leave their mark upon communities.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The authors are grateful for funding received for this research from the Tamar Golan Africa Centre at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. We are greatly indebted to the interviewees in Ghana who willingly contributed their time and shared their experiences and insights. We also extend our appreciation for the thoughtful insights of two anonymous reviewers and the editors of The Journal of Modern African Studies.

References

REFERENCES

Amin, S. 1976. Unequal Development: an essay on the social formations of peripheral capitalism. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Appadurai, A. 2004. ‘The capacity to aspire’, in Held, D., Moore, H.L. & Young, K., eds. Culture and Public Action: uncertainty, solidarity and innovation. Oxford: Oneworld, 5984.Google Scholar
Bernays, S., Rhodes, T. & Barnett, T.. 2007. ‘Hope: a new way to look at the HIV epidemic’, AIDS 21, suppl. 5: S511.Google Scholar
Chambers, R. 1995. ‘Poverty and livelihoods: whose reality counts?’, Environment and Urbanization 7, 1: 173204.Google Scholar
Childs, J. & Hearn, J.. 2017. ‘‘New’ nations: resource-based development imaginaries in Ghana and Ecuador’, Third World Quarterly 38, 4: 844–61.Google Scholar
Coalter, F. 2010. ‘The politics of sport-for-development: limited focus programmes and broad gauge problems?’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport 45, 3: 295314.Google Scholar
Cole, J. 2010. Sex and Salvation: imagining the future in Madagascar. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Collison, H. 2016. Youth and Sport for Development: the seduction of football in Liberia. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Cooke, B. & Kothari, U., eds. 2001. ‘The case for participation as tyranny’, in Participation: the new tyranny? London: Zed Books, 115.Google Scholar
Cornwall, A. & Brock, K.. 2005. ‘What do buzzwords do for development policy? A critical look at ‘participation’, ‘empowerment’ and ‘poverty reduction’’, Third World Quarterly 26, 7: 1043–60.Google Scholar
Cross, J. 2014. Dream Zones: anticipating capitalism and development in India. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Da Costa, D. 2010. ‘Introduction: relocating culture in development and development in culture’, Third World Quarterly 31, 4: 501–22.Google Scholar
Darby, P. 2007. ‘Out of Africa: the exodus of elite African football talent to Europe’, Journal of Labor and Society 10, 4: 443–56.Google Scholar
Darby, P. 2012. ‘Gains versus drains: football academies and the export of highly skilled football labor’, Brown Journal of World Affairs XVIII, II: 265–77.Google Scholar
Darby, P. 2013. ‘‘Let us rally around the flag’: football, nation-building, and Pan-Africanism in Kwame Nkrumah's Ghana’, Journal of African History 54, 2: 221–46.Google Scholar
Darby, P., Akindes, G. & Kirwin, M.. 2007. ‘Football academies and the migration of African football labor to Europe’, Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31, 2: 143–61.Google Scholar
Darnell, S. 2012. Sport for Development and Peace: a critical sociology. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Darnell, S.C. & Black, D.R.. 2011. ‘Mainstreaming sport into international development studies’, Third World Quarterly 32, 3: 367–78.Google Scholar
Dubinsky, I. 2017. ‘Global and local methodological and ethical questions in researching football academies in Ghana’, Children's Geographies 15, 4: 385–98.Google Scholar
Dubinsky, I. & Schler, L.. 2017. ‘Mandela Soccer Academy: historical and contemporary intersections between Ghana, Lebanon, and the West’, International Journal of the History of Sport 33, 15: 1730–47.Google Scholar
Esson, J. 2015. ‘Escape to victory: development, youth entrepreneurship and the migration of Ghanaian footballers’, Geoforum 64: 4755.Google Scholar
Esson, J. 2016. ‘Football as a vehicle for development: lessons from male Ghanaian youth’, in Ansell, N., Klocker, N. & Skelton, T., eds. Geographies of Global Issues: change and threat. Singapore: Springer, 145–62.Google Scholar
Ferguson, J. 1999. Expectations of Modernity: myths and meanings of urban life on the Zambian Copperbelt. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Grillo, R.D. 1997. ‘Discourses of development: the view from anthropology’, in Grillo, R.D & Stirrat, R.L., eds. Discourses of Development: anthropological perspectives. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 134.Google Scholar
Groves, L. & Hinton, R., eds. 2004. Inclusive Aid: changing power and relationships in international development. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Hobart, M., ed. 2002. An Anthropological Critique of Development: the growth of ignorance. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jarvie, G. 2007. ‘Sport, social change and the public intellectual’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport 42, 4: 411–24.Google Scholar
Jones, A. 2004. ‘Involving children and young people as researchers’, in Fraser, S., Lewis, V., Ding, S., Kellett, M. & Robinson, C., eds. Doing Research with Children and Young People. London: Sage, 113–30.Google Scholar
Kwauk, C.T. 2014. ‘‘No longer just a pastime’: sport for development in times of change’, The Contemporary Pacific 26, 2: 303–23.Google Scholar
Levermore, R. 2008. ‘Sport: a new engine of development?’, Progress in Development Studies 8, 2: 183–90.Google Scholar
McGee, D. 2015. ‘Navigating bodies, borders and the global game: an ethnography of youth, football and the politics of privation in Ghana, West Africa’. Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
McIlroy, M. 2010. ‘Creating a sustainable, competitive advantage within a ‘winning’ football academy model in South Africa.’ MBA dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.Google Scholar
Mosse, D. 2005. Cultivating Development: an ethnography of aid policy and practice. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Parpart, J.L., Rai, S.M. & Staudt, K.A., eds. 2003. ‘Rethinking em(power)ment, gender and development: an introduction’, in Rethinking Empowerment: gender and development in a global/local world. London: Routledge, 321.Google Scholar
Piot, C. 2010. Nostalgia for the Future: West Africa after the Cold War. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Poli, R. 2008. ‘Explaining the ‘muscle drain’ of African football players: world-system theory and beyond’, Basler Afrika Bibliographien 1: 19.Google Scholar
Rahnema, M. 2010. ‘Participation’, in Sachs, W., ed. The Development Dictionary: a guide to knowledge as power. London: Zed Books, 127–44.Google Scholar
Rodney, W. 1981. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Washington, DC: Howard University Press.Google Scholar
Rosbrook-Thompson, J. & Armstrong, G.. 2010. ‘Fields and visions: the ‘African personality’ and Ghanaian soccer’, Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 7, 2: 293314.Google Scholar
Sachs, W. 1992. The Development Dictionary: a guide to knowledge as power. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Ungruhe, C. 2016. ‘Mobilities at play: the local embedding of transnational connections in West African football migration’, International Journal of the History of Sport 33, 15: 1767–85.Google Scholar
Ungruhe, C. & Esson, J.. 2017. ‘A social negotiation of hope: male West African youth, ‘waithood’ and the pursuit of social becoming through football’, Boyhood Studies 10, 1: 2243.Google Scholar
Van der Meij, N. & Darby, P.. 2017. ‘Getting in the game and getting on the move: family, the intergenerational contract and internal migration into football academies in Ghana’, Sport in Society 20, 11: 1580–95.Google Scholar
Van der Meij, N., Darby, P. & Liston, K.. 2017. ‘‘The downfall of a man is not the end of his life’: navigating involuntary immobility in Ghanaian football’, Sociology of Sport Journal 34, 2: 183–94.Google Scholar
Vidacs, B. 2010. Visions of a Better World: football in the Cameroonian social imagination. Berlin: LIT Verlag.Google Scholar

WEBSITES

Kumasisportsacademy Ghana. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEMyezFt1OA>, accessed 29.5.2018.,+accessed+29.5.2018.>Google Scholar
Kumasisportsacademy. n.d. <http://kumasisportsacademy.com>, accessed 29.5.2018.,+accessed+29.5.2018.>Google Scholar

INTERVIEWS

Bernard, headmaster of Honesty JHS, Kasoa, 9.2.2016.Google Scholar
Cosmos, player at Kumasi Sports Academy, Kumasi, 17.7.2016.Google Scholar
Dan, owner of a pub, Kasoa, 17.2.2016.Google Scholar
Ebenezer, player at Kumasi Sports Academy, Kumasi, 6.2.2016.Google Scholar
Emanuel Afani, player at Mandela Soccer Academy, Accra, 12.2.2015.Google Scholar
Ernest Kufuor, founder of Unistar, Kasoa, 19.8.2013.Google Scholar
Ernest Kufuor, founder of Unistar, Kasoa, 4.2.2016.Google Scholar
Francis, first aid chief at Mandela Soccer Academy, Accra, 10.2.2015.Google Scholar
George Nia, player at Mandela Soccer Academy, Accra, 12.2.2015.Google Scholar
Gertrud, mother of a Mandela Soccer Academy player, Accra, 2.8.2016.Google Scholar
Gladis, teacher at Honesty JHS, Kasoa, 9.2.2016.Google Scholar
Hakim Mohamed, player at Unistar, Kasoa, 7.2.2016.Google Scholar
Jojo Ampah, coach of Unistar, Kasoa, 19.8.2013.Google Scholar
King James Asuming, founder of Kumasi Sports Academy, Kumasi, 31.7.2015a.Google Scholar
King James Asuming, founder of Kumasi Sports Academy, Kumasi, 7.7.2015b.Google Scholar
Kuuku Yankah, manager of Mandela Soccer Academy, Accra, 10.2.2015.Google Scholar
Mohammed Issa, founder of Mandela Soccer Academy, Accra, 28.2.2015.Google Scholar
Mohammed Issa, founder of Mandela Soccer Academy, Accra, 16.8.2016.Google Scholar
Mustapha, supporter of Unistar, Kasoa, 6.2.2016.Google Scholar
Patricia Tufor, mother of a Mandela Soccer Academy player, Accra, 1.8.2016.Google Scholar
Philip, brother of a Kumasi Sports Academy player, Obuasi, 19.5.2015.Google Scholar
Prince Nyarku, manager of Unistar, Kasoa, 19.8.2013.Google Scholar
Prince Nyarku, manager of Unistar, Kasoa, 6.8.2016.Google Scholar
Ramon Lozano, advisor for Unistar, Kasoa, 23.9.2013.Google Scholar
Regina, mother of a Kumasi Sports Academy player, Kumasi, 20.7.2015.Google Scholar
Richard, brother of a Mandela Soccer Academy player, Accra, 10.8.2016.Google Scholar
Rukiya, mother of a Kumasi Sports Academy player, Kumasi, 18.7.2016.Google Scholar
Samuel Aiyan, player at Kumasi Sports Academy, Kumasi, 9.7.2016.Google Scholar
Ziblim Saminu, player at Mandela Soccer Academy, Accra, 20.2.2015.Google Scholar