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An Evaluation of Kenya's Rural Industrial Development Programme

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Ian Livingstone
Ian Livingstone
Affiliation:
Reader in Economics, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne
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Extract

An increasing tendency in recent years has been to encourage small-scale industries as an important part of development programmes in the Third World. There has been a general emphasis on the rural sector, and a specific concern with job creation and income distribution, from which stem, for instance, the recent I.L.O. reports on the employment problems of various countries.1 In the case of Kenya and the Philippines, the promotion of small scale and rural industries has been elevated to the status of a component in a new ‘strategy’ for development. A great many countries adopted such programmes some time ago, mainly because they satisfy several of the obvious criteria for industry choice, such as labour intensity, use of local materials, and geographical dispersability, but it cannot be said that they have so far met with a great deal of success. An evaluation of Kenya's experience to date has recently been carried out by the author.2

Type
Africana
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , September 1977 , pp. 495 - 504
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1977

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References

page 495 note 1 Cf. the following studies published by the International Labour Office: Towards Full Employment: a programme for Columbia (Geneva, 1970)Google Scholar; Matching Employment Opportunities and Expectations: a programme of action for Ceylon (Geneva, 1971); Employment, Incomes and Equality: a strategy for increased productive employment in Kenya (Geneva, 1972); Employment and Income Policies for Iran (Geneva, 1973); and Sharing in Development: a programme of employment, equity and growth for the Philippines (Geneva, 1974).

page 495 note 2 Livingstone, Ian, ‘Kenya's Rural Industrial Development Programme: an evaluation of experience and proposals for action’, Working Paper No. 210, Institute of Development Studies, Nairobi, 1975.Google Scholar

page 495 note 3 Government of Kenya, Development Plan, 1974–78 (Nairobi, 1974).Google Scholar

page 495 note 4 Ibid. Vol. 1, p. 295.

page 495 note 5 Cf. Sheffield, James R. (ed.), Education, Employment and Rural Development: Report of the Kericho Conference (Nairobi, 1966).Google Scholar

page 495 note 6 Development Plan, 1974–78, Vol. I, p. 297.

page 496 note 1 Ibid. p. 297.

page 496 note 2 It ought to be noticed that there are proposals for future industrial estates at Nyeri, Kakamega, and Embu, three towns where there are already rural industrial development centres.

page 496 note 3 Staley, E. F. and Morse, R., Modern Small Industry for Developing Countries (New York, 1965).Google Scholar See also Hoseitz, B. F., ‘Small Industry in Underdeveloped Countries’, in Journal of Economic History (New York), XIX, 1959.Google Scholar

page 496 note 4 Kristensen, Hans and Kongstad, Per, ‘Assistance Problems, Policy Planning, and Administration. Report of the Programme Conference, Nyeri’, Institute for Development Research, Copenhagen, 1973Google Scholar; and Hans Kristensen, ‘Report for the Programme Conference, Kisumu’, ibid. 1974.

page 497 note 1 Kenya Industrial Estates, Report: Rural Industries Development Programme (Nairobi, 1970).Google Scholar

page 497 note 2 Livingstone, Ian, ‘Results of a Rural Survey: the ownership of durable goods in Tanzania households and some implications for rural industry’, Economic Research Bureau, University of Dar es Salaam, 1970.Google Scholar

page 498 note 1 Swedish International Development Agency, Industrial Estates in Kisumu and Mombasa and Small-Scale Industry Promotion (Nairobi, 1972).Google Scholar

page 498 note 2 Kristensen and Kongstad, op. cit.

page 500 note 1 See, for instance, Helleiner, G. K., ‘Structural Change in Africa’, in Ward, Barbara et al. (eds.), The Widening Gap: development in the 1970s (New York, 1971).Google Scholar

page 502 note 1 Kongstad, Per, ‘Rural Industrial Development Programme Extension Services to Rura Industries: a partial assessment of R.I.D.P.’, Institute for Development Research, Copenhagen, 04 1975.Google Scholar

page 502 note 2 Edebe, D. A. and Geels, K., ‘On Extension Service at R.I.D.C. Machakos’, Machakos, 04 1974.Google Scholar

page 503 note 1 Kristensen, op. cit.

page 503 note 2 See Livingstone, Ian, ‘The Promotion of Craft and Rura Industry in Tanzania’, in Viertel Jahres Berichte (Hanover), 03 1972.Google Scholar

page 503 note 3 Government of Kenya, Development Plan, 1974–78.