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Africa as a Market for South African Goods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Adrian Guelke
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Extract

Much recent analysis of South Africa's outward-looking policy towards independent Africa has asserted that the implications of this are primarily economic in character: ‘South Africa is thrusting out into Africa for a number of reasons. She needs markets for her manufactured goods. She wants to export capital.’1 Indeed, many observers carry the argument further, and suggest that she is seeking an economic and political role in Africa analogous to that of the United States in Latin America. In the words of Sean Gervasi:

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Articles
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The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , March 1974 , pp. 69 - 88
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1974

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References

Page 69 note 1 Molteno, Robert, Africa and South Africa (London, 1971), p. 23.Google Scholar

Page 69 note 2 Gervasi, Sean, Industrialization, Foreign Capital and Forced Labour in South Africa (New York, 1970), p. 102.Google Scholar

Page 69 note 3 Rhoodie, Eschel, The Third Africa (Cape Town, 1968), p. 3.Google Scholar

Page 69 note 4 Bunting, Brian, The Rise of the South African Reich (Harmondsworth, 1969), p. 427.Google Scholar See also the verkrampte monthly, Veg (Pretoria), 04 1969.Google Scholar

Page 70 note 1 See, for example, Christie, M. J., ‘Economic Background to Dialogue’, in Africa (London and Paris), 1, 2, 07 1971, pp. 20–1;Google Scholar and Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 23 07 1971, pp. 244–7.Google Scholar

Page 70 note 2 Molteno, op. cit. p. 19.

Page 70 note 3 For example, Cockram, Gail-Maryse, Vorster's Foreign Policy (Pretoria and Cape Town, 1970).Google Scholar

Page 70 note 4 Quoted in Legum, Cohn and Drysdale, John (eds.), Africa Contemporary Record, 1968–9 (London, 1969), p. 317.Google Scholar

Page 71 note 1 Hiemstra, R. C., ‘The Strategic Significance of South Africa’, in Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns, South Africa in the World (Cape Town and Johannesburg, 1970), p. 93.Google Scholar

Page 71 note 2 Molteno, op. cit. p. 20.

Page 71 note 3 Quoted in Horrell, Muriel (ed.), A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, 1956–7 (Johannesburg, 1957), pp. 238–9.Google Scholar

Page 71 note 4 Quoted in Williams, A. F. Basil, Botha, Smuts, and South Africa (London, 1946), p. 264.Google Scholar

Page 71 note 5 Burrows, Raymond, The Development of Southern Africa (Johannesburg, 1945), p. 23.Google Scholar

Page 72 note 1 Sources: Bureau of Statistics, South African Statistical Yearbook (Pretoria), 1965 and 1966;Google ScholarSouth African Statistics (Pretoria), 1968;Google ScholarQuarterly Bulletin of Statistics (Pretoria), 1967–1969;Google Scholar and Department of Customs and Excise, Monthly Abstract of Trade Statistics (Pretoria), 1970–1972.Google Scholar

Page 73 note 1 Inter-territorial trade, calculated by adding each country's imports from her neighbours, was R1 million more than the area's imports from South Africa in 1964; over R1 million less in 1965. Unfortunately there are no official figures of inter-territorial trade during the Federation itself.

Page 74 note 1 Sources: South African Statistical Yearbook, 1965 and 1966. The unofficial 1965 figures are taken from the State of South Africa Yearbook, 1970 (Johannesburg, 1971), p. 253.Google Scholar

Page 74 note 2 Calculated as above, but using Malawian and Zambian figures of their exports to Rhodesia (in place of her imports), and the U.N. estimate of Rhodesia's South African imports.

Page 75 note 1 Source: Department of Customs and Excise, South African Foreign Trade Statistics (Pretoria), 1962 and 1964.Google Scholar Exports and re-exports have been added together.

Page 75 note 2 Of the list of islands in Table 3, only Mauritius is today a member of the Organisation of African Unity – since her independence in 1968.

Page 76 note 1 Sources: Central Statistical Office, Annual Statement of External Trade, 1965 (Salisbury, 1966),Google Scholar and Monthly Digest of Statistics (Salisbury), 1966–1972;Google Scholar also Fourth Report of the Committee Established in Pursuance of Security Council Resolution 253 (1958) of 29 May 1968 (New York, 1971),Google Scholar and Fifth Report of the Committee… (New York, 1973).Google Scholar

Page 76 note 2 A similar but slightly higher estimate of R112 million for South African exports to Rhodesia in 1968 is given in The Bulletin of the Africa Institute of South Africa (Pretoria), VIII, 6, 07 1970, p. 246.Google Scholar

Page 77 note 1 Spence, J. E., Republic under Pressure (London, 1965), p. 76n.Google Scholar

Page 78 note 1 Source: Central Statistical Office, Monthly Digest of Statistics (Lusaka), 1964–1972Google Scholar passim.

Page 78 note 2 Republic of South Africa, Today's News (London), 02 1973.Google Scholar

Page 79 note 1 See United Nations, Report of the Security Council Special Mission Established under Resolution 32G, 1973 (New York), S/10896.Google Scholar

Page 79 note 2 Cf. International Defence and Aid Fund, The Rhodesia-Zambia Border Closure, January–February 1973 (London, 1973), especially ch. 5.Google Scholar

Page 80 note 1 Molteno, op. cit. p. 11.

Page 80 note 2 The export figure taken in 1965 does not include re-exports (in fact, over R 30 million), whereas that in 1968 does; consequently Molteno exaggerates the increased trade surplus.

Page 80 note 3 In 1964, South African imports from Africa beyond the five countries of Southern Africa exceeded exports (including re-exports) by R20.6 million. Calculated from Republic of South Africa, South African Foreign Trade Statistics, 1964 (Pretoria, 1965), p. 158.Google Scholar

Page 81 note 1 Sources: National Statistical Office, Annual Statement of External Trade (Zomba), 1966 and 1968; also Monthly Digest of Statistics (Zomba),Google Scholar passim.

Page 81 note 2 For example, the loan to Malawi for a rail link to Nacala was tied to the use of South African steel. See Molteno, op. cit. p. 10; and Africa Research Bulletin (London, 1969), Economic Series, VI, ii, col. 1529.Google Scholar

Page 82 note 1 Source: Institute of National Statistics, Annual Statistics (Lisbon), 1965 to 1972.Google Scholar

Page 83 note 1 Source: Institute of National Statistics, Annual Statistics (Lisbon), 1965 to 1972.Google Scholar

Page 84 note 1 This method is not, in fact, the only error in Gervasi's calculations; his figure for total Rhodesian imports is half the actual figure, which leads him to a further exaggeration of South African exports outside of Southern Africa. Op. Cit. p. 96.

Page 84 note 2 That is excluding the five Countries lfl Southern Africa, but including re-exports and the Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands.

Page 85 note 1 Source: calculated from Tables 3–8.

Page 86 note 1 See Republic of Kenya, Statistical Abstract, 1969 (Nairobi), p. 60,Google Scholar according to which imports from South Africa had declined to virtually zero by 1965.