Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:25:56.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modernisation and Political Development in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Arthur Jay Klinghoffer
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Many social scientists have examined the intricacies of modernisation, political modernisation, and political development, but they have not clearly distinguished between these concepts. Their research emphasis has been on the instruments of change, such as political parties, ideologies, and charismatic leaders, and they have insufficiently delved into the issue of what actually changes during the processes of modernisation and political development. In addition, a number of analyses are unintentionally culturally biased as many western values are viewed as ‘positive’, and the ultimate ends of historical evolution which are presented seemingly suffer from ethnocentric wish-fulfilment.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , March 1973 , pp. 1 - 19
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Page 2 note 1 See Huntington, Samuel, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven and London, 1968), p. 47Google Scholar: ‘The relationship between social mobilization and political instability seems reasonably direct. Urbanization, increases in literacy, education and media exposure all give rise to enhanced aspirations and expectations which, if unsatisfied, galvanize individuals and groups into politics. In the absence of strong and adaptable political institutions, such increases in participation mean instability and violence.’

Page 2 note 2 Cf. Uphoff, Norman and Wade, L. L., ‘The Paradox of Affluence for Political Development: a political economy perspective’; American Political Science Association, Chicago, 09 1971.Google Scholar

Page 3 note 1 Almond, Gabriel, Political Development (Boston, 1970), p. 312.Google Scholar

Page 4 note 1 Black, Cyril, The Dynamics of Modernization (New York, 1966), p. 54.Google Scholar

Page 4 note 2 Rustow, Dankwart, A World of Nations (Washington, 1957), p. 5.Google Scholar

Page 4 note 3 Rogers, Everett, Modernization among Peasants (New York, 1969), p. 15.Google Scholar

Page 4 note 4 Apter, David, Some Conceptual Approaches to the Study of Modernization (Englewood Cliffs, 1968), p. 197.Google Scholar

Page 5 note 1 Raymond Aron, looking back at the Nazi treatment of the Jews, is deeply concerned that the development of rationality may not serve humanitarian ends: ‘In short, to the extent that scientific, technical, economic, or administrative rationality is only a means, it can be used for any end–productive or destructive, hospitals or concentration camps, well-being or power, the unification or the extermination of mankind.’ The Industrial Society (New York, 1968), p. 76.Google Scholar

Page 6 note 1 Pye, Lucian, ‘Introduction’, in Pye, Lucian and Verba, Sidney (eds.), Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton, 1965), p. 19CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Apter, op. cit. p. 114; and Whitaker, C. S. Jr, The Politics of Tradition: continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946–1966 (Princeton, 1970), p.4.Google Scholar

Page 6 note 2 Rustow, Dankwart and Ward, Robert (eds.), Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton, 1964), p. 45.Google Scholar

Page 6 note 3 Rogers, op. cit. p. 16.

Page 8 note 1 Hydén, Göran, Tanu Yajenga Nchi: political development in rural Tanzania (Lund, 1968), pp. 222–3.Google Scholar

Page 9 note 1 Almond, Gabriel and Powell, G. Bingham Jr, Comparative Politics: a developmental approach (Boston, 1966), PP. 76–8.Google Scholar

Page 9 note 2 Hydén, op. cit. p. 226.

3 Lofchie, Michael, ‘Representative Government, Bureaucracy, and Political Development: the African case’, in Doro, Marion and Stultz, Newell (eds.), Governing in Black Africa: perspectives on new states (Englewood Cliffs, 1970), pp. 278–94.Google Scholar

Page 10 note 1 Mair, Lucy, Primitive Government (Baltimore and Harmondsworth, 1962), ch. 1.Google Scholar

Page 11 note 1 See p. 14, below.

Page 11 note 2 Cf. Huntington, Samuel, ‘Political Development and Political Decay’, in World Politics (Princeton), XVII, 3, 1965, pp. 386–430.Google Scholar

Page 12 note 1 Apter, David, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago, 1965), p. 3.Google Scholar

Page 12 note 2 Almond and Powell, op. cit. p. 112.

Page 12 note 3 Rustow, op. cit. p. 72.

Page 12 note 4 Almond, op. cit. p. 190.

Page 12 note 5 Huntington, , Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 1.Google Scholar

Page 13 note 1 Ake, Claude, A Theory of Political Integration (Homewood, Ill., 1967), p. 6.Google Scholar

Page 13 note 2 See pp. 16–17, below.

Page 13 note 3 Donald Levine, ‘Ethiopia: identity, authority, and realism’, in Pye and Verba, op. cit. p. 250.

Page 13 note 4 Cf. Almond and Powell, op. cit. p. 196.

Page 14 note 1 Weiner, Myron, ‘Political Integration and Political Development’, in Kebschull, Harvey (ed.), Politics in Transitional Societies (New York, 1968), p. 265.Google Scholar

Page 14 note 2 Ake, op. cit. p. 1.

Page 14 note 3 Geertz, Clifford, ‘The Integrative Revolution: primordial sentiments and civil politics in the new states’, in Welch, Claude (ed.), Political Modernization (Belmont, California, 1967), p. 169.Google Scholar

Page 15 note 1 See Almond and Powell, op. cit. p. 295.

Page 15 note 2 Cf. Lasswell, Harold, ‘The Policy Sciences of Development’, in World Politics, XVII, 2, 01 1965, p. 299.Google Scholar

Page 15 note 3 See Smith, William Edgett, We Must Run While They Walk: aportrait of Africa's Julius Nyerere (New York, 1971).Google Scholar

Page 15 note 4 Huntington, , Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 69.Google Scholar

Page 17 note 1 See Hydén, op. cit. pp. 165–6.

Page 17 note 2 Levine, loc. cit. p. 257.

Page 18 note 1 For arguments that economic modernisation may lead to political instability, see Emerson, Rupert, From Empire to Nation (Boston, 1960),CrossRefGoogle Scholar and ‘The Prospects for Democracy in Africa’, in Lofchie, Michael F. (ed.), The State of the Nations: constraints on development in independent Africa (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1971), pp. 239–57.Google Scholar

Page 19 note 1 Huntington, , Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 239.Google Scholar